TextGrid Repository

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De [...]aire [...]

1695.

From an original Painting in the poſseſsion of the Duke of W [...]r [...]n [...]er.

[...] Pinx. [...]lipar [...] sculp [...] Paris

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CHRONOLOGY: OR, A CONCISE VIEW OF THE Annals of England.

WHEREIN Every particular Occurrence, from the De⯑ſcent of Julius Caeſar, to the preſent Time, met with in different Hiſtorians, is accu⯑rately and alphabetically recorded, with the Date affixed:

Alſo, an exact Chronology of the Lives of the moſt eminent Men, in all Ages of the World.

To which is added, A PLAN of the SAXON HEPTARCHY; By which means, the various Succeſſions of different Kings may be ſeen at one View, and the Time of each particular Event immediately found, without the Trouble of recurring to the voluminous Pages of Hiſtory.

Uſeful to all who are deſirous of being ac⯑quainted with their own Country.

BY JOHN TRUSLER, CLER.

LONDON: Sold by J. Almon, oppoſite Burlington-Houſe, Piccadilly▪

1769. [Pr. 1 s. 6 d.]

ADVERTISEMENT.

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AS ſeveral Additions occurred to the Author, after the print⯑ing of the firſt ſheet, he has given them by way of ADDENDA.

The Events of different Reigns may be regularly ſeen, by turning to the reſpective Kings, one after the other.

A CHRONOLOGICAL REMARK, Neceſſary to be obſerved by all Readers of HISTORY.

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GREEK Authors always date from the Creation of the World. They reckon, to the firſt Year of the Chriſtian Aera, 5503; ſo that, when we meet in them the Dates of any Events ſince the Birth of our Saviour, we need only ſubtract 5508, to have, in the Remainder, the Year of the common Aera. Thus, according to the Greek Hiſtorians, the firſt Council of Nice was held in the Year 5833; ſubtract 5508, and there remains 325, the Year of Chriſt in which that Council was aſſembled.

In like manner, when Events are dated by the Years of Rome, we need only ſub⯑tract 753, to have, in the Remainder, the common Years. For example, Tiberius died in the Year of Rome 790; from 790, take 753, and the Remainder, 37, is the Year of Chriſt in which that Prince's Death happened.

A CONCISE VIEW OF THE Annals of England.

[1]

ADRIAN, the Emperor, viſited Britain, and built a ſtrong rampart between Tyne and the frith of Solway, about the year 78.
Aella, came over from Germany, and eſtabliſhed the kingdom of South Saxony in 477, and was thus firſt king of Suſſex; died in 519.
Alban's, St. the monaſtery built there, by Offa, King of Mercia, who began his reign in 775.
Alf helm murdered, by order of Edric, Duke of Mer⯑cia, in 1009.
Alfred IV. ſon of Ethelwolf, born in 849, at W [...]n⯑tage, in Berkſhire; came to the crown of England at 22 years of age, in 871; took London from the Danes, beſieged Rocheſter, and drove them to [2]their ſhips, in 882; formed a body of laws, and died, in 900; and was ſucceeded by his ſecond ſon, Edward.
Alfred, ſon of Ethelred II. his eyes were put out by Earl Godwin, and 600 of his train murdered at Guildford, in 1036; he died ſoon after, in the mo⯑naſtery at Ely.
Amboyna, the maſſacre of, 1623.
Ambroſius Aurelius choſen King of the Britons, in 465, and crowned at Stonehenge.
America firſt diſcovered, by John Cabot, a Venetian, 1498; ſettled in James I.'s reign.
Anne, Queen to Richard II. died, and was buried Auguſt 3, 1394, at Weſtminſter.
Anne Bulleyn, Henry VIII.'s ſecond wife, beheaded May 14, 1536, aged 29.
Anne, James I.'s Queen, died March 3, 1619, aged 44.
Anne, Queen, born Feb. 6, 1665; married to the Prince of Denmark, 1684; began to reign March 8, 1702; died Auguſt 1, 1714, aged 49; and was ſucceeded by her couſin, George, Elector of Hanover.
Anſelm made Archbiſhop of Canterbury in 1093, died in 1109.
Apparitors firſt inſtituted, about the year 1234.
Argyl, Earl of, executed at Edinburgh, 1685.
Armada, the Spaniſh, arrived in the channel, July 19, 1588, but broken by a ſtorm.
Arthur, Henry VII.'s eldeſt ſon, died April 2, 1500, in the caſtle of Ludlow, Shropſhire.
Arthur, King, firſt made his appearance, in 465.
Aſcue, Ann, burnt for hereſy, 1546.
Aſhdovn, battle at, between Canute and Edmund, in 1016; church built, in 1020.
Athelſtan made King of Kent, by Ethelwolf, in 848; died about 853.
Athelſtan crowned King of England at Kingſton, in 925; invaded Scotland, and brought Conſtantine, its King, to ſubjection, in 936; reduced the Welch in 939; and Exeter and Scilly in 940; died [3]at Glouceſter, in 941; and was ſucceeded by his brother, Edmund.
Auguſtin, St. ſent by Pope Gregory, to convert the Britons, landed in the iſle of Thanet, in 597; and was, ſoon after, made the firſt Archbiſhop of Can⯑terbury; died in 604.

BACON, Sir Nicholas, made keeper of the great ſ [...]al, 1559.
Bacon, Sir Frances, made keeper of the great ſeal, March 7, 1617; died in 1626, aged 65.
Bath burnt, in 1117.
Battle of Bovines, 1214.
Battle of Lewes, May 14, 1264.
Battle of Eveſnam, Aug. 4, 1265.
Battle of Bannockburn, June 25, 1314.
Battle of Hairdon-hill, near Berwic, where 30,000 of the Scotch were ſlain, and only 15 Engliſh, July 19, 1333.
Battle of Crecy, Aug. 26, 1346.
Battle of Durham, when David, King of Scots, was taken priſoner, Oct. 17, 1346.
Battle of Poictiers, Sept. 19, 1356, when the King of France and his ſon were taken priſoners.
Battle of Shrewſbury, July 21, 1403.
Battle of Azincour, Oct. 25, 1415.
Battle of Verneuil, Aug. 27, 1424.
Battle of St. Alban's, May 22, 1455.
Battle of Bloreheath, Sept. 23, 1459.
Battle of Northampton, July 10, 1460.
Battle of Wakefield, Dec. 24, 1460.
Battle of Touton, March 29, 1461.
Battle of Hexham, May 15, 1464.
Battle of Banbury, July 26, 1469.
Battle of Barnet, April 14, 1471.
Battle of Tewkſbury, May 4, ditto.
Battle of Boſworth, Aug. 22, 1485.
Battle of Stoke, June 6, 1487.
Battle of Blackheath, June 22, 1497.
[4]Battle of Floudon, Sept. 9, 1513, when James IV. King of Scots, was killed.
Battle of Solway, Nov. 24, 1542.
Battle of Pinkey, Sept. 10, 1547.
Battle of St. Quintin, Aug. 10. 1557.
Battle of Edgehill, Oct. 23, 1642.
Battle of Shatten, May 16, 1643.
Battle of Lanſdown, July 5, ditto.
Battle of Round-away- [...]wn, July 13, ditto.
Battle of Newbury, Sept. 20, ditto.
Battle of Marſton-more, July 2, 1644.
Battle of Newbury, Oct. 27, ditto.
Battle of Naſ [...]by, June 1645.
Battle of Dunbar, Sept. 3, 1650.
Battle of Bothwell-bridge, June 22, 1679.
Battle of the Boyne, June. 1690.
Battle of Aghrim, July 12, 1690.
Battle of R [...]milies, Whitſunday 1706.
Battle of O [...]enard, July, 1708.
Battle of Dumblain, Nov. 12, 1715.
Battle of Dettingen, June 26, 1743.
Battle of Fontenoy, April 30, 1744.
Battle of Preſton-pans, Sept. 21, 1745.
Battle of Falkirk, Jan. 17, 1746.
Battle of Culloden, April 16, 1746.
Battle of Minden, July, 1757.
Battle of Reſbach, Nov. 5, 1757.
Beaton, Cardinal, aſſaſſinated in Scotland, 1547.
Becket, Thomas, Archdeacon of Canterbury, made Chancellor to Henry II. in 1155; made Archbiſhop of Canterbury, in 1163; four impeachments laid againſt him by the parliament, at Northampton, in 1164; retired to France that year; agreed with Henry. July 22, in 1170; murdered in the church of Canterbury, Dec. 29, 1171.
[...] [...]urnt, in 1173; again, by John, in 1216.
Bible, tra [...]ſl [...]on of it firſt allowed, 1539.
[...] of, firſt paſſed, in 1277.
[...], 1555.
[...] the Duke of Ormond, with an intent [...] at Tyburn, but was prevented, 1671.
[5]Boadicea burnt London, and maſſacred 70,000 inhabi⯑tants; ſoon after, being defeated by Suetonius, poiſoned herſelf, in 59.
Braddock, Gen, killed at Du Queſne, July 9, 1755.
Bread, firſt aſſize made, in 1202.
Britons applied to Rome, for aid againſt the Scots, and were refuſed, in 446; by the advice of Vorti⯑gen, they invited over the Saxons, in 448.
Buckingham, Duke of, beheaded, Nov. 2, 1483, at Saliſbury.
Buckingham, Duke of, beheaded, May 13, 1521.
Buckingham, Duke of, killed at Portſmouth, by Fel⯑ton, Aug. 23, 1628.
Burgundy, Duke of, aſſaſſinated, by order of the Dauphin, 1419.
Byng, Admiral, condemned, and ſhot at Spithead, March 14, 1757.

CADE, Jack, killed by Alexander Iden, ſheriff of Kent, 1451.
Calais, taken by the Engliſh, Aug. 4, 1347; retaken by the French, in December, 1557.
Cambridge burnt to the ground by the Danes, in 1010; its univerſity founded, in 915.
Cambden, the hiſtorian, died in 1623, aged 73.
Cameron, Dr. Archibald, executed at Tyburn, 1753.
Canute, firſt Daniſh king of England, invaded this country, in 1015; was choſen King by the clergy, at Southampton 1016; fought a ſingle combat with Edmund Ironſide, on an iſland in the river Severn, who divided the kingdom with him; began to reign alone, in 1017; baniſhed Edmund's ſons, ditto; made alliance with Normandy, and married Emma, Ethelred's widow, in 1018; in 1028, he made a voyage to Denmark, attacked Norway, and took poſſeſſion of the crown; died at Shaſteſ⯑bury, in 1036, was buried at Wincheſter, and was ſucceeded by his ſecond ſon, Harold.
[6] [...] defeated by Offorius Scapula, a Roman ge⯑ [...], in 50.
C [...]ew, Sir Alexander, beheaded on Tower-hill, Dec. 23, 1645.
Carliſle fortified, in 1093.
Caroline, Queen to George II. died of a mortification in the bowels, Nov. 20, 1737; aged 54.
Catherine, Queen of Henry V. died the beginning of 1437.
Catherine, Henry VIII.'s firſt wife, died at Kimbol⯑ton, Jan. 6, 1536, aged 52.
Catherine Howard, Henry VIII.'s fourth wife, be⯑headed on Tower-hill, with Lady Rochfort, Feb. 12, 1542.
Catherine Par, Henry VIII.'s fifth wife, died the be⯑ginning of 1548.
Ceodwalla, King of Weſſex, ſubdued the kingdom of Suſſex, and annexed it to his dominions, in 686.
Cerdic, with his ſon Kenric, arrived in Britain in 495; defeated and killed Nazanleod, a Britiſh Prince, in 508; befieged Bath, in 520; crowned King of Weſſex, at Wincheſter, where he reſided, in 531; died in 534.
Chambre, John a, the rebel, executed, 1488.
Charles I. born 1600; ſet out for Madrid, to fetch his wife, March 7, 1623; began to reign, March 27, 1625; married Henrietta, daughter of France, about the ſame time; crowned, Feb. 2, 1626; re⯑tired to York, 1642; raiſed his ſtandard firſt at Nottingham, Aug 22, following; travelled in diſ⯑guiſe of a ſervant, and put himſelf into the hands of the Scotch at Newark, May 5, 1646; ſeized by one Joyce, at Holmby, June 3, 1647; eſcaped from Hampton-court, and retreated to the iſle of Wight, November, following; made cloſe priſoner at Cariſ⯑brook Caſtle, ſoon after ſet at liberty in the iſle of Wight, July 29, 1648; cloſe confined in Hurſt caſtle, Dec. 1, following; removed to Wind⯑ſor, Dec. 23; to St. James's houſe, Jan. 10, 1649; brought to trial the next day; condemned the 27th; beheaded at Whitehall be 30th, aged 48; and was buried in St. George's chapel, Windſor.
[7]Charles II. born May 29, 1630; eſcaped from St. James's, April 23, 1648; landed in Scotland, 1650; crowned at Scone, Jan. 1, 1651; defeated at the battle of Worceſter, Sept 3, 1651, when he made his eſcape, under the diſguiſe of a wood-man, and ſecreted himſelf in an oak; reſtored to his crown, May 29, 1660; crowned April 23, 1661; married Catherine, the infanta of Portugal, May 21, 1662; died Feb. 6, 1685, aged 54, of an apo⯑plexy, and was ſucceeded by his brother James, Duke of York.
Chaucer died in the year 1400.
Chicheſter built by Ciſſa, King of Suſſex; Vide Ciſſa; burnt, in 1113.
Churches firſt begun to be built in 696.
Ciſſa, King of Suſſex, in 519; died in 590.
Clarence, Duke of, brother to Edward IV. murdered in the Tower, 1478.
Clarendon, Earl of, baniſhed, Nov. 12, 1667.
Claudius Caeſar landed in Britain, in Auguſt, 43.
Cowley lived during the interregnum.
Cranmer, Archbiſhop of Canterbury, burnt, March 21, 1556.
Cromwel, Oliver, born, about 1599, at Huntingdon; went over to Ireland with his army, May, 1649; returned, 1650; made Protector for life, Dec. 12, 1653; was near being killed, by falling from a coach-box, October, 1654; elected king, but re⯑fuſed the title, March 25, 1657; died of the gout in his ſtomach, at Whitehall, Sept. 3, 1658, leav⯑his ſon, Richard, his ſucceſſor.
Cromwel, Richard, proclaimed Protector, Sept. 3, 1658; depoſed, April 22, 1659.
Cruiſad [...] begun in 1096.
Curfew bell eſtabliſhed by William the Conqueror, in 1088.

DANEGELT, a land-tax, firſt eſtabliſhed by Fthelred II. in 1002; aboliſhed by Stephen, in 1136.
[8]Danes, their firſt deſcent upon England, landing at Portland, in 787; their ſecond, in Northumber⯑land, in 794. when they were repelled, and periſh⯑ed by ſhipwreck; they landed on Shepey iſland, in 832; again in Cornwal, and defeated by Eg⯑bert, in 836; again at Charmouth, and defeat⯑ed Ethelwol, in 840; landed at the mouth of the Thames, from 350 ſhips, and took Canterbury, and London, in 851; ſubdued by Ethelwolf, at Oke⯑ly in Surry, in 853; invaded Northumberland, and ſeized York, in 867; defeated King Ethelred, and his brether Alfred, at Baſing and Merton, in 871; ſurprized Warham caſtle, and took Exeter, in 876; took Chippenham, in 877; 1200 of them killed by O [...]un, Earl of Devonſhire, in 878; Alfred entered into treaty with them, in 879; their fleet to [...]ally deſtroyed at Appledore, by King Alfred, in 894; invaded Angleſey, in 900; ſubmitted to Edward the elder, in 921; invaded Dorſetſhire, in 982; landed again in Eſſex, in 991, and were bribed to de [...]art the kingdom; their ficet defeated. in 992; freſh invaſions by them, in 998; numbers of them maſ⯑ſacred, by order of Ethelred II. Nov. 13, 1 [...]02; continued their ravages, and defeated the Engliſh at Ipſwich, in 1010; took Canterbury, and put nine out of ten of the inhabitants to death, in 1011; ſettled in Scotland, in 1020; expelled England, in 1041; landed again at Sandwich, in 1047, and carried off grea [...] plunder to Flanders; joined the Northum⯑brians, burnt York, and ſlew 3000 Normans, in 1069; invaded England again, but brib [...] by William, to depart, in 1074.
Darnley, Lord, huſband to Mary. Queen of Scots, murdered, by being blown up, Feb. 10, 1567.
Dartmouth burnt by the French, 1377.
David, Prince of Wales, taken priſoner, con⯑demned at Shrewſbury, and there drawn, hanged, and quartered, 128 [...].
Death, Capt. killed in a ſea engagement, Dec. 23, 1757.
Denham, Sir John, lived during the interregnum.
Denmark, Prince George of, died of an aſthma and dropſy, Oct, 28, 1708, Vide Queen Anne.
[9]Derwentwater, Earl of, and Lord Kenmuir, behead⯑ed on Tower-hill, Feb. 24, 1716.
Devizes caſtle, belonging to the Biſhop of Saliſbury, beſieged in 1139, by Stephen.
Doomeſday-book finiſhed, after ſix years labour, in 1085.
Drake, Sir Francis, ſet ſail for his voyage round the world, 1577; died of a bloody flux, Jan. 28, 1595.
Dudley, Lord Guildford, beheaded on Tower-hill, Feb. 12, 1554.
Duncan, King of Scotland, murdered by Macbeth, in 1054.
Dunkark taken by the Engliſh, June 24, 1658; ſold to the French, for 500,000l. Oct. 17, 1662.
Dunſtan, St. made Archbiſhop of Canterbury, in 964; died in 988.

EDGAR began his reign in 959, quite a youth; obliged eight of his tributary princes to row him in a barge on the river Dee, in 961; deſtroyed the wolves, with which the country was over-run, by demanding of the Welch a yearly tribute of wolves heads; betrayed by Ethelwold, who married El⯑frida, in 971; laid waſte the iſle of Thanet; was crowned at Axminſter, in 973; died in 975, aged 33, and was ſucceeded by his ſon, Edward.
Edgar, King of Scotland, brother-in-law to Henry I. died in 1107.
Edinburgh burnt, 1544.
Edmund began to reign, at eighteen, in 941; was killed by a ruffian, in 946; and ſucceeded by his brother, Edred.
Edmund Ironſide married the widow of Sigefert, a Daniſh nobleman, who was put to death in 1015; began his reign in 1016, at twenty-ſeven years of age, and was murdered at Oxford in 1017, and ſucceeded by Canute.
Edred began his reign in 946; died in 955, and was ſucceeded by his nephew, Edwy, ſon to King Ed⯑mund.
[10]Edward the elder began his reign in 900; died in 925; and was ſucceeded by his natural ſon Athel⯑ſtan.
Edward the martyr began his reign in 975, at fifteen years of age; four years afterwards was ſtabbed by order of his ſtepmother, Elfrida, whom, as he was hunting, he called to ſee, and was ſucceeded by his brother-in-law, Ethelred.
Edward the Confeſſor began his reign in 1041; was crowned in 1042; married Editha, daughter of Godwin, 1043; died Jan. 5, 1066, aged 65; was buried in Weſtminſter abbey, and ſucceeded by Ha⯑rold II. the ſon of Godwin.
Edward I. born June 16, 1239; married Eleanor, Princeſs of Caſtile, in 1255; ſucceeded to the crown, Nov. 16, 1272; wounded in the holy land, with a poiſonous dagger, but recovered, the ſame year; landed in England, July 25, 1274; crowned at Weſtminſter, 19th of Auguſt following, with his queen; went to France, and did homage to the King of France, 1279; went to France the ſum⯑mer 1286; returned Auguſt, 1289; married Mar⯑garet, ſiſter to the King of France, Sept. 12, 1299; died of a flux at Burgh upon the ſands, July 7, 1307, aged 69, was buried at Weſtminſter, and ſuc⯑ceeded by his fourth ſon, Edward.
Edward II. born at Carnarvon, in Wales, April 25, 1284; he was the firſt Prince of Wales; aſcended the throne, July 7, 1307; married Iſabella, daugh⯑ter of the King of France, in 1308; was obliged, by the Barons, to ſign a commiſſion, by which he veſted the government of the kingdom in twelve perſons, March 16, 1308; went to Bulloign on a pilgrimage, Dec. 13, 1213; dethroned, Jan. 13, 1327; and was ſucceeded by his eldeſt ſon, Edward. He was murdered, in a moſt inhuman manner, at Berkeley caſtle, Sept. 21, following, and buried in St. Peter's, in Glouceſter.
Edward III. born at Windſor, Nov. 15. 1312; ſuc⯑ceeded to the crown, Jan. 13, 1327; crowned at Weſtminſter, Feb. 1, the ſame year; married Philippa, daughter of the Earl of Hainault, Jan. [11]24, 1328; was choſen Emperor of Germany, Aug. 1348; fought in ſingle combat with a Frenchman at Calais, and conquered, Jan. 1, 1349; died of a cingle, at Richmond, June 21, 1377, aged 64, and was ſucceeded by his grandſon, Richard, ſon to Edward, the black prince.
Edward, the black Prince, born June 15, 1330; brought the King of France priſoner to England, from the battle of Poictiers, May 24, 1357; made an expedition into Caſtile, 1367; died, June 8, 1376.
Edward IV. born, 1443; elected King, March 5, 1461; crowned, June 29, 1461; married Lady Elizabeth Gray, widow of Sir John Gray, at Graf⯑ton, in Buckinghamſhire, 1464; taken priſoner by the Earl of Warwick, March, 1470, but eſcaped ſoon afterwards; expelled the kingdom, 1470; returned, March 25, 1471, and reſtored; died, April 9, 1482, at Weſtminſter, aged 41, and was ſucceeded by his ſon, Edward.
Edward, Prince. ſon to Henry VI. murdered, May 21, 1471.
Edward V. born, 1470; ſucceeded to the crown, April 9, 1483; conveyed to the Tower, May, 1483; depoſed, June 20, following, and, with the Duke of York, his brother, ſmothered in the Tower ſoon after, leaving his uncle, Richard, ſuc⯑ceſſor to the throne.
Edward VI. born, Oct. 12, 1537; ſucceeded to the throne, Jan 28, 1547; crowned, Feb. 20, being Shrove Sunday following; died of a conſumption at Greenwich, July 6, 1553, and was ſucceeded by his ſiſter, Mary.
Edwy began his reign, at ſeventeen years of age, in 955; died in 959, and was ſucceeded by his brother, Edgar.
Egbert, the father of the Engliſh monarchy, began his reign, as King of Weſſex, in 800; conquered Mercia, in 828; became Sovereign of all England, ſouth of the Humber, in 829; drove the Danes out of Britain, 836; died, 838, and was ſucceeded by his ſon, Ethelwolf.
Eleanor, Queen of Henry II. died in 1204.
[12]Eleanor, Edward I.'s Queen, died of a fever, on her journey to Scotland, at Herdby, in Lincolnſhire, 1260; and was buried at Weſtminſter.
Eleanor, Henry III.'s Queen, died in a monaſtery at Ambreſbury, where ſhe had retired, about Mid⯑ſummer, 1292.
Elizabeth, Queen to Henry VII. died in childbed, Feb. 11, 1503.
Elizabeth, Queen, born, Sept. 7, 1533; ſent priſoner to the Tower, 1554; began to reign, Nov. 17, 1558; crowned at Weſtminſter, Jan. 15, 1559; died at Richmond, March 24, 1603, aged 70, and was ſucceeded by her third couſin, James V. of Scot⯑land.
Emma, Queen, died in 1052. Vide Ethelred, Ca⯑nute.
Empſon beheaded on Tower-hill, October, 1509.
England ravaged by the Picts and Scots, in 448; di⯑vided into counties and hundreds, in 886; invaded by the Scots, who were defeated by Athelſtan, in 921; invaded by the Welch, in 984; invaded by Sweyn, King of Denmark, in 1003; invaded again by Sweyn, in 1013, and was almoſt ſubdued by him; invaded by Canute, in 1015; invaded by Godwin, in 1052; conquered by William of Normandy, in 1066; invaded by the Iriſh, who defeated the Engliſh, 1069; Iriſh landed again, and were defeated, in 1070; invaded by Malcolm of Scotland, who burnt ſeveral churches, &c. in 1071; again, in 1091; again, in 1093, when Malcolm and his ſon were killed at Alnwick; invaded by Robert Duke of Normandy, in 1101; invaded by David of Scotland, in 1136; again, by the Welch, the ſame year, with ſucceſs; invaded by the Scots, in 1173; put under an inter⯑dict by the Pope, in 1206; interdict taken off, 1214; all in arms, in 1215; underwent a reform, in 1258; invaded by the French, in 1416: invaded by Henry Duke of Richmond, Aug. 7, 1485; invaded by Lambert Simnel, from Ireland, 1487. Vide Danes, War, Peace, Rebellion.
Eſſex, Earl of, Cromwell, beheaded on Tower-hill, July 28, 1540.
[13]Eſſex, Earl of, beheaded in the Tower, Feb. 25, 1601.
Ethelred ſucceeded his brothers Ethelbert and Ethel⯑bald, and died of a wound received in battle againſt the Danes, in 871; and was ſucceeded by his bro⯑ther, Alfred.
Ethelred II. anointed King, by Dunſtan, at Kingſton upon Thames, at twelve years of age, in 979; married Emma, ſiſter to Richard II. Duke of Nor⯑mandy, in 1001; fled from King Sweyn, into Normandy, in 1013; returned ſoon after, when Sweyn was dead; died in 1016, on the feaſt of St. George; was buried in St. Paul's, London, and ſucceeded by his ſon, Edmund Ironſide.
Ethelwolf began to reign, in 838; died in 859; and left his kingdom to his two ſons, Ethelbald and Ethelbert.
Evremond, St. died, Sept. 9, 1703, aged 90.
Exchequer, court of, inſtituted, in 1074.
Exeter taken by Sweyn, King of Denmark, and de⯑ſtroyed, in 1003; rebelled in 1067; and was taken by William the Conqueror.
Exeter, Marquis of, Lord Montague, and Sir Nicho⯑las Carew, beheaded, Dec. 31, 1538.

FAIRFAX, the poet, lived in the reign of James I.
Famine, in 976; another in 1005; another in 1087. Vide Remarkable Occurrences.
Fenwick, Sir John, beheaded on Tower-hill, early in 1697.
Ferrars, Bp. of St. David's, burnt at Carmarthen, March 30, 1555.
Ferrers, Earl of, hanged at Tyburn, for murder, 1760.
Feudal law introduced, in 1070.
Fielding, Henry, died, 1754, aged 47.
Fiſher, Bp. of Rocheſter, beheaded, June 22, 1535.
[14]Fitzgerald, with five of his uncles, Iriſh rebels, exe⯑cuted at Tyburn, Feb. 3, 1537.
Foreſt, new, made, in 1081.
Frederick, Prince of Wales, arrived in England, Dec. 1729; died, March 30, 1751, aged 43.

GALILEO died, 1642, aged 77.
Gardiner, Biſhop of Wincheſter, died, Oct. 12, 1555.
Garter, order of, inſtituted, in 1349; underwent ſome alteration, 1552.
Gaveſton, favourite of Edward II. murdered July 1, 1312.
Geofrey, Archdeacon of Norwich, put to death, in 1210.
George I. proclaimed, Aug. 1, 1714; landed at Greenwich, Sept. 17; died in his journey, to Ha⯑nover, at Oſnaburgh, Sunday, June 11, 1727, of a paralytic diſorder, aged 67, and was ſucceeded by his ſon, George II.
George II. aſcended the throne, and was proclaimed, June 15, 1727; died ſuddenly, Oct. 25, 1760; at Kenſington, aged 77; buried, Nov. 10, at Weſtmin⯑ſter.
George III. born June 4, 1738; proclaimed, Oct. 26, 1760; married Charlotte of Mecklenburgh, Sept. 7, 1761; crowned, Sept 22, 1761.
Gibraltar taken by Sir George Rooke, June 22, 1704.
Gilpin, Bernard, died, March 4, 1583, aged 65.
Glaſſenbury, charter granted to the monks, ex⯑empting them from epiſcopal juriſdiction, by Ina, King of Weſſex, in 725.
Glendower, Owen, died, 1409.
Glouceſter burnt, in 1102; again, in 1122.
Glouceſter, Duke of, uncle to Richard II. ſmothered between two feather-beds, Feb. 28, 1397.
Glouceſter, Duke of, Richard Plantagenet, brother to Edward IV. murdered Edward, Prince of Wales, [15]1471; drowned the Duke of Clarence in a butt of malmſey, 1478; made Protector of England, 1483; elected King, June 20, following. Vide Richard III.
Glouceſter, Duke of, ſon to Queen Anne, died of a fever, July 29, 1700, aged 10.
Godfrey, Sir Edmundbury, an active Juſtice of the peace againſt Papiſts, murdered, Oct. 17, 1678.
Godwin invaded England, in 1052; was tried for the murder of Alfred, in ditto, and bought his pardon; was choaked in proteſting his innocence at table with the King, in 1053.
Greenland was diſcovered in the reign of James I.
Gregory, St. lived in the beginning of the third cen⯑tury.
Grey, Lady Jane, proclaimed Queen, July 9, 1553; beheaded in the Tower, Feb. 12, 1554, aged 17.
Grotius, Hugo, died, 1645, aged 62.
Guiſe, Duke of, murdered, 1590.
Gunpowder-plot, diſcovered, Nov. 5, 1605.

HALE, Sir Matthew, died, Dec. 25, 1676, aged 66.
Hales, Dr. Stephen, died, Jan 4, 1761.
Hall, one of the murderers of the Duke of Glouceſter, hanged at Tyburn, in 1399.
Hamilton, Duke of, and others, executed, 1649.
Hamilton, Duke of, and Lord Mohun, killed in a duel, in Hyde-park, 1712.
Hampden killed at the battle of Round-away, near Devizes, July 13, 1643.
Handel died, April 14, 1759, aged 75.
Hardicanute, King of Denmark, began his reign in England, in 1039; died at Lambeth, in 1041; was buried at New Wincheſter, and ſucceeded by Ed⯑ward, Ethelred's firſt ſon by Emma, Alfred's bro⯑ther.
Harfleur taken by the Engliſh, Sept. 18, 1415.
[16]Harley, Mr. ſtabbed at the council-board, by Guiſ⯑card, early in 1711.
Harold I. began his reign in 1036; died, April 14, 1039, and was ſucceeded by his younger brother, Hardicanute, King of Denmark.
Harold II. began his reign, in 1066; defeated his bro⯑ther Toſti, and the King of Norway, who had invaded his dominions, at Standford, Sept. 25, in the ſame year; was killed by the Normans at the battle of Haſtings, Oct. 14, in the ſame year, and was ſucceeded by William, Duke of Normandy, the Conqueror.
Haſtings burnt by the French, 1377.
Haſtings, Lord, put to death in the Tower, June, 1483.
Havannah taken, Aug. 13, 1762.
Hengiſt and Horſa, two Saxon brothers, landed in the iſle of Thanet, in 449.
Henrietta, Charles I.'s Queen, died in France, Aug. 10, 1669.
Henry I. crowned on Sunday, Aug. 5, 1100; made peace with his brother, Robert, in 1101; invaded Normandy, in 1105; was attacked by Robert, whom he defeated and took priſoner, in 1107, and ſent to England; betrothed his daughter Maude, to the Emperor of Germany, in 1109; challenged by Lewis of France, in 1117; his ſon ſhipwrecked and loſt, in 1120; in quiet poſſeſſion of Normandy, in 1129; ſurfeited himſelf eating lampreys, at Ly⯑ons, near Roan, and, ſix days after, died, Dec. 1, 1135, aged 68; his body was brought over to England, and buried at Reading, in a monaſtery of his own founding; he was ſucceeded by his ne⯑phew, Stephen, third ſon of his ſiſter Adela, by the Earl of Blois.
Henry II. grandſon of Henry I. ſucceeded to the throne, in 1154; arrived in England, Dec. 8, and was, with his Queen, Eleanor, at London, crown⯑ed, the 19th; crowned again, at Lincoln, in 1158; again, at Worceſter, in 1159; quelled the rebellion at Maine, in 1166; had his ſon Henry crowned King of England, in 1170; invaded Ireland, and conquered [17]it, in 1172; did penance at Becket's tomb, July 8, 1174; took the King of Scotland priſoner, and obliged him to give him up the independency of his crown, in 1175; named his ſon, John, King of Ireland, in 1177; had, the ſame year, a criminal amour with Alice of France; loſt his ſon, Henry, in 1183, June 11; made a convention with Philip of France, to go to the holy war, in 1188; died with grief at the altar, curſing his ſons, July 6, 1189, aged 57, and was ſucceeded by his third ſon, Richard.
Henry III, born, Oct. 1, 1207; crowned, at Glouceſ⯑ter, Oct. 28, 1216; was done homage to by Alex⯑ander, King of Scotland, at Northampton, in 1218; crowned again, at Weſtminſter, after Chriſt⯑mas, 1219; married Eleanor, daughter of the Count of Provence, Jan. 14, 1236; gave his daughter, Margaret, in marriage to the King of Scots, in 1252; ſhut himſelf up in the Tower, for fear of his nobles, in 1261; taken priſoner, at Lewes, May 14, 1264; wounded in the ſhoulder, at the battle of Eveſham, Aug 4, 1265; died with age, at St. Edmundſbury, Nov. 16, 1272, aged 64; and was ſucceeded by his eldeſt ſon, Edward.
Henry IV. born in 1367; crowned, Oct. 13, 1399; was conſpired againſt, Jan. 5, 1400; died in the Jeruſalem-chamber, Weſtminſter, March 20, 1413, aged 45; was buried at Canterbury, and ſucceeded by his ſon, Henry.
Henry V. born in 1388; crowned, April 9, 1413; married the Princeſs Catharine of France, May 30, 1420; entruſted with the government of France, and declared heir to the crown, May 21, 1420; died of a fiſtula at Roan, Aug. 31, 1422, aged 33; was buried at Weſtminſter, and ſucceeded by his ſon, Henry.
Henry VI. born at Windſor, 1422; ſucceeded to the throne, Aug. 31, 1422; proclaimed King of France, the ſame year; crowned at Weſtminſter, Nov. 6, 1429; crowned at Paris, Dec. 17, 1430; married to Margaret, daughter of France, April 22, 1445; [18]taken priſoner at the battle of St. Alban's, by the Duke of York, May 22, 1455; depoſed by his fourth couſin, Edward IV. March 5, 1461, and fled to Scotland; taken priſoner in Lancaſhire, 1463; reſtored to his throne, 1470; taken priſoner again by Edward, April 11, 1471; died in the Tower the May following, aged 49.
Henry VII. ſucceeded to the throne, Aug. 22, 1485; crowned, Oct. 30, following; married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV. Jan. 18, 1486; crowned his Queen, Nov. 25, 1487; married his eldeſt daughter, Margaret, to James IV. of Scotland; died of a conſumption, at Richmond, April 22, 1509, aged 51, and was ſucceeded by his ſecond ſon, Henry.
Henry VIII. born, June 28, 1491; began to reign, April 22, 1509; married his brother's wife, Ca⯑therine, infanta of Spain, June 3, 1509; crowned June 24, following; received the title of Defender of the Faith, 1521; ſtiled, the Head of the Church, 1531; divorced Queen Catherine, and married Anne Bulleyn, May 23, 1533; excommunicated by Pope Paul, Aug. 30, 1535; put Anne to death, and married Jane Seymour, May 20, 1536; married Anne of Cleves, Jan. 6, 1539; divorced her, July 10, 1540; married Catherine Howard, Aug. 8, following; put her to death, Feb. 12, 1542; married Catherine Par, July 12, 1543; died, Jan. 18, 1547, aged 54; was buried at Windſor, and ſucceeded by his ſon, Edward.
Henry III. King of France, murdered by a monk, Aug. 1, 1589.
Henry, Prince of Wales, eldeſt ſon of James I. died of a looſeneſs, Nov. 6, 1612, aged 18.
Hertfort rebuilt, in 913.
Hippocrates died, 361 before Chriſt, aged 98.
Hobbes, Thomas, died 1679, aged 90.
Hogarth, William, died, 1764, aged 66.
Homer lived abovt 915 before Chriſt.
Hooper, Biſhop of Glouceſter, burnt in Smithfield, Feb. 4, 1555.
[19]Horace born at Venuſium, Dec. 8, in 65 before Chriſt; died in 8 before Chriſt.
Horſa (Vide Hengiſt) ſlain by Vortimer, in 455.
Howard, Sir Edward, attacked Prejeant, a French admiral, off Breſt, and was defeated, April 25, 1513.
Hugh de Beauvois, with 40,000 foreigners, coming to the aſſiſtance of John, periſhed in a ſtorm, as he ſet out from Calais, in 1215.
Huguenots, maſſacre of them at Paris, Aug. 24, 1572.
Huſs, John, the martyr, burnt, 1415.

IDOLATRY firſt aboliſhed from Kent, by Ercombert, who began his reign in 640.
Ignatius made a biſhop by St. Peter and Paul, died in 107.
Invaſion, Vide England.
Ireland conquered by Henry II. 1172.
Irenaeus died in 202, aged 82.
Iſaiah, the prophet, put to death, 696 before Chriſt.

JAMAICA taken, 1655.
James, St. died in 69.
James I. King of Scotland, murdered, the beginning of the year 1437.
James III. of Scotland killed by his nobility, 1487.
James I. born at Edinburgh, June 19, 1566; crown⯑ed King of Scotland, Auguſt, 1567; married the Princeſs of Denmark, 1589; ſucceeded to the crown of England, March 24, 1603; loſt his Queen, March 3, 1619; died of an ague, March 27, 1625, aged 58, and was ſucceeded by his ſe⯑cond ſon, Charles.
James II. born, Oct. 30, 1633; fled from his pa⯑lace, Dec. 12, 1688; was ſeized ſoon after at Fe⯑verſham, [20]and brought back to Whitehall; leſt Eng⯑land, Dec. 23, following; landed with an army at Kinſale, in Ireland, March 22, 1689; returned to France, June, 1690; died at St. Germains, Sept. 16, 1701.
Jane Seymour, Henry VIII.'s wife, died in childbed, October, 1538.
Jeremiah, the prophet, died, about 577 before Chriſt.
Jerome of Prague burnt, 1415.
Jeruſalem taken by Robert, Duke of Normandy, who was there elected King of it, in 1100.
Jeſus Chriſt was born, Monday, Dec. 25, in the year of Rome, 752, four years before the common aera.
Jews maſſacred, in 1189; numbers executed for clipping, 1278; totally expelled England, 1290.
Joan de Arc, the maid of Orleans, burnt for a witch, June 14, 1431.
Joan of Navarre, Henry IV.'s widow, died, 1437.
John, St. died in 99, aged 91.
John the Baptiſt died in 32.
John, the youngeſt ſon of Henry I. was born at Ox⯑ford, in 1166; crowned on Aſcenſion-day, May 27, 1199; divorced his wife Aviſa, and married. Iſabella, daughter of the Count of Angoſelme; went to Paris, in 1201; beſieged the caſtle of Mi⯑rabel, and took his nephew, Arthur, priſoner, in Auguſt, 1203, whom he murdered; the ſame year, he was expelled the French provinces, and after⯑wards recrowned in England; impriſoned his Queen, in 1208; excommunicated, in 1209; land⯑ed in Ireland, June 8, 1210; ſurrendered his crown to Pandolf, the Pope's legate, May 25, 1213; ab⯑ſolved, July 20, following; loſt his treaſure and baggage, as he paſſed through the marſhes at Lynn, in 1216; died of a fever, owing to drinking new ale, and eating peaches, at Newark caſtle, Oct. 18, 1216, and was ſucceeded by his ſon, Henry.
Johnſon, Ben, died in 1638, aged 63, poſſeſſed of a penſion of 100 pounds.
Jones, Inigo, died, 1647.
[21]Julius Caeſar born, July 10, in 100 before Chriſt; in⯑vaded Britain, landing at Deal, Aug. 26, in 55 before Chriſt.
Julius Agricolo, totally ſubdued Britain, in 78.
Juſtin, St. died in 163, aged 64.
Juvenal born in 45; died, in 127.

KENT, Earl of, brother to Edward II. behead⯑ed, March 9, 1330.
Kent, the maid of, executed at Tyburn, 1534.
Kilmarnock, Lord, and Lord Balmerino, beheaded on Tower-hill, Auguſt, 1746.
Kneller, Sir Godfrey, died, 1723, aged 76.
Knolles, Sir Robert, died, 1407.

LAMBERT burnt in Smithfield, in 1538.
Lambeth college and chapel founded by Hubert, Archbiſhop of Canterbury, about the year 1196.
Lancaſter, Plantagenet, Earl of, beheaded at Pomfret, March 23, 1322.
Langton made Archbiſhop of Canterbury, 1206.
Latimer, Biſhop of Worceſter, burnt at Oxford, Oct. 16, 1555.
Laud made Archbiſhop of Canterbury, 1633; behead⯑ed, Jan. 10, 1645, aged 71.
Leland, Dr. died, Jan. 16, 1766, aged 75.
Lenox, Earl of, Regent of Scotland, murdered, 1571.
Lent, the faſt of, firſt eſtabliſhed in Kent, by Ercom⯑bert, who began his reign in 640.
Lewis, Philip of France's ſon, laid claim to the crown of England, and landed with an army, in the iſle of Thanet, May 23, 1216.
Lincoln burnt in 1123; its church thrown down by an earthquake, in 1185.
Locke, Mr. died, Oct. 28, 1704, aged 72.
[22]London repaired by Alfred, in 885; burnt to the ground, about 982; nearly deſtroyed by fire, in 1077; again, in 1130.
London-bridge built, about 1098.
Londonderry beſieged, April 20, 1689.
Longbeard, William Fitz-Oſbert, a lawyer, ſo called, a notorious ruffian, hanged at Tyburn, in 1197.
Louis XV. King of France, ſtabbed by Damien, but not mortally, Jan. 5, 1757.
Louiſburgh taken, July 27, 1757.
Lovat, Lord, beheaded on Tower-hill, 1746.
Lucan born at Corduba, in Spain, Nov. 11, 37; condemned and bled to death in a hot bath, April 30, 64.
Lucretius born at Rome in 95 before Chriſt; put an end to his life in a raging fit, in 52 before Chriſt.
Luke, St. died about the year 70, aged 80.
Luther, Martin, appeared, 1518.

MACHIAVEL died, 1529.
Magna Charta granted by King John, June 19, 1215.
Maldon rebuilt in 919.
Manilla taken, July 27, 1757.
Manning, Cromwel's ſpy, put to death abroad, by or⯑der of Charles II. 1655.
Margaret, Queen to Henry VI. with her ſon, taken priſoner at the battle of Tewkeſbury, May 4, 1471.
Mark, St. died in 68.
Marlborough, John Duke of, died 1722, aged 72.
Martial born at Bilboa, in 48; died in 109.
Marvel, Andrew, lived in Charles II. and James I.'s reign.
Mary, Queen, born, 1516; proclaimed, July 19, 1553; crowned, Sept. 30, following; married Phi⯑lip, Prince of Spain, Jan. 19, 1554; died of a fe⯑ver and dropſy, Nov. 17, 1558, aged 41, and was ſucceeded by her ſiſter, Elizabeth.
[23]Mary, Queen of Scots, fled to England, May 16, 1568; impriſoned in Tutbury caſtle, January, 1569; removed to Fotheringay, 1586; there beheaded, Feb. 8, aged 44.
Mary, William's Queen, born, April 30, 1662; pro⯑claimed, with her huſband, Queen of England, Feb. 13, 1689, Vide William III.; died of the ſmall⯑pox, Dec. 28, 1694, aged 32, and was buried at Weſtminſter.
Maſſacre of the Iriſh, 1641; of Glencoe, February, 1690.
Matilda, Stephen's Queen, was crowned on Eaſter⯑day, March 22, 1136; died, May 3, 1151, at Hen⯑ningham-caſtle, in Eſſex, and was buried in a mo⯑naſtery, at Feverſham, in Kent.
Matthew, St. died in 65.
Maude, daughter of Henry I. married to Henry IV. Emperor of Germany, in 1109; her right to ſucceed her father ſworn to by the Engliſh, 1127; married to the Earl of Anjou, the ſame year; was ſet aſide from the ſucceſſion, in 1136; landed in England, and claimed her right to the crown, in September, 1139; was crowned, but, ſoon after, defeated at Wincheſter, in 1141; eſcaped to Glouceſter, in a bier; fled from a window of Oxford caſtle, by a rope, in the winter, 1142; retired to France, in Lent, 1147; came to England, and made a laſting peace with Stephen, in 1153; died abroad, Sept. 10, 1167.
Maximilian, the Emperor, enliſted as a ſubject and Captain, under Henry VIII. when he invaded France in 1513.
Merlin, the prophet, lived in 477.
Milton died of the gout, 1674, aged 68, and was buried at St. Giles, Cripplegate.
Minorca conquered by General Stanhope, Auguſt, 1708; ſurrendered to the French, June, 1756.
Moliere died, 1672.
Monk, General, arbiter of England's fate, 1659; made Duke of Albemarle, July 12, 1660.
Monmouth, Duke of, invaded England, June 11, [24]1685; defeated, near Bridgewater, July 5; behead⯑ed, July 15, following, aged 35.
Montaigne died, 1592, aged 58.
Montroſe, Marquis of, executed at Edinburgh, May 21, 1650, aged 37.
More, Sir Thomas, beheaded, July 6, 1535, aged 52.
Mortality, a great one, among men, cattle, and fowls, in 1111.
Mortimer, Roger, Earl of March, hanged at Tyburn, Nov. 29, 1330.
Mortmain-act was paſſed, November, 1279.
Murray, Earl of, Regent of Scotland, aſſaſſinated, Jan. 23, 1570.

NEWCASTLE on Tyne, founded by Ro⯑bert, ſon to William the Conqueror, in 1081; burnt to the ground, by accident, 1349.
Newcaſtle, Duke of, choſen Chancellor of the univer⯑ſity of Cambridge, 1748.
Newton, Sir Iſaac, born, Dec. 25, 1642; died, March 20, 1726.
Norfolk, Duke of, beheaded, 1547.
Norfolk, Duke of, beheaded on Tower-hill, May 8, 1572.
Normandy, Vide Rollo, invaded on all hands, in 1117.
Normans maſſacred at Durham, in 1069.
Northumberland, Duke of, beheaded on Tower-hill, Aug. 22, 1553.
Northumberland, Earl of, beheaded at York, 1572.
Norwich burnt and deſtroyed, by Sweyn, King of Denmark, in 1004.
Nottingham burnt to aſhes, in 1140.

OLDCASTLE, Sir John, hanged and burnt in St. Giles's pariſh, without old Temple-bar, 1418.
Oldham, Mr. John, died, Dec. 9, 1683, aged 30.
Orange, Prince of, created Stadtholder, July 3, 1672; married the Princeſs Mary of England, Nov. 4, 1677; landed at Torbay, in England, with an army, Nov. 5, 1688; declared King of England, Feb. 13, 1689. Vide William III.
Origen died in 253, aged 69.
Orleans, the ſiege of, May, 1428.
Overbury, Sir Thomas, poiſoned by an envenomed glyſter, in the Tower, Sept. 16, 1613.
Ovid born at Sulmo, near Rome, in 43 before Chriſt; died at Pontus, in baniſhment, in 15, aged 58.
Oxford univerſity founded by Alfred, in 886.

PARLIAMENT, the firſt, in King John's reign; the epoch of the houſe of commons, Jan. 20, 1265; the firſt Britiſh one met, Oct. 23, 1707.
Paſcal Blaiſe died, 1662, aged 38.
Paul, St. died, in 67.
Paul's, St. London, was built by Ethelbert, King of Kent, on the foundation of an old temple of Diana, in 596; burnt, in 964; rebuilt and conſecrated, in 1240, having been 150 years building; rebuilt, hav⯑ing been burnt down, 1631.
Peace between England and Scotland, in 1091; be⯑tween England and France, in 1113; between England and Scotland, in 1139; between England and France, in 1196, &c. Vide War.
Pembroke, Earl of, choſen Protector of England, Nov. 11, 1216; died in May following, and was buried in the Temple church, London.
[26]Perſius Flaccus born, Dec. 4, 42; died, aged 29.
Peter, St. died, in 67.
Peterborough burnt, in 1117.
Phaedrus born in 47 before Chriſt; died in 31.
Philip-Auguſtus, King of France, died, in 1223.
Philippa, Queen of England, died at Windſor, Aug. 15, 1369, and was buried at Weſtminſter.
Philips, John, died of au aſthma, Feb. 15, 1708, aged 32, and was buried at Hereford.
Phyſicians, college of, founded, 1518.
Pindar died, 435 before Chriſt, aged 85.
Plantagenet, Geofrey, Earl of Anjou, married the Empreſs, Maud, in 1127; invaded Normandy in 1137.
Plato died, 348 before Chriſt, aged 80,
Plutarch died in 119.
Plymouth burnt by the French, 1377.
Pole, Cardinal, died, Nov. 17, 1558.
Pomfret, Rev. Mr. died young, in 1709.
Pope, Alexander, died, 1744, aged 55.
Porteous, Capt. put to death by the mob, at Edin⯑burgh, Sept. 7, 1736.
Portobello taken by Admiral Vernon, 1740.
Portſmouth burnt, in 1265; again, by the French, 1377.
Portugal, King of, ſhot at, Sept. 3, 1758.
Prior, Matthew, died, Sept. 18, 1721, aged 56.
Prynne tried by the court of Star Chamber, 1633.
Puffendorf died, 1694, aged 62.
Pulteney, William, Eſq. ſtruck out of the liſt of Privy Counſellors, July 1, 1731.
Pythagoras died, 497 before Chriſt.

QUEBEC taken, 1759.
Quintilian died, about 95.

RACINE died, 1699, aged 59.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, beheaded in Old Palace⯑yard, Weſtminſter, Oct. 29, 1617, aged 77.
Rapin died, 1687, aged 63.
Ratcliffe, Mr. beheaded, Dec. 8, 1746.
Ravaillac, the French King murdered by him, May 3, 1610.
Rebellion of the Engliſh againſt William Rufus, in favour of his brother, Robert, in 1088; extinguiſhed in 1090.
Rebellion of the Welch, who defeated the Normans and Engliſh, in 1095.
Rebellion of the Engliſh, under Wat Tyler, June 12, 1381.
Rebellion of the Barons, 1387.
Rebellion of the Engliſh and Welch, 1400.
Rebellion of Jack Cade, in favour of the Duke of York, June 1, 1450.
Rebellion of the Engliſh, in 1469.
Rebellion of ditto, 1536.
Rebellion of ditto, 1549.
Rebellion Wiat's, 1554.
Rebellion in the north, 1569.
Rebellion of the Iriſh, under Tyrone, 1599.
Rebellion of the Scotch, 1639.
Rebellion of the Iriſh, 1641.
Rebellion of the Scotch, 1666.
Rebellion under Monmouth, June 11, 1685.
Rebellion of the Scotch, under the Pretender, 1715.
Rebellion ditto, 1745.
Reformation begun, 1530; compleated, 1547.
Rhees, the laſt King of South Wales, killed, in 1094.
Richard I. was born at Oxford, in 1157; crowned at London, Sept. 3, 1189; ſat out on the cruiſade, and joined Philip of France on the plains of Vezelay, on June 29, 1190; took Meſſina, the latter end of the year; married Berengaria, daughter of the [28]King of Navarre, ſhe being with him, May 12, 1191; defeated the Cyprians, 1191; taken priſoner near Vienna, on his return home, Dec. 20, 1192, by the Duke of Auſtria; ranſomed, and ſet at li⯑berty, Feb. 4, 1194; returned to England, March 20, following; wounded in the ſhoulder, abroad, with an arrow, at the eaſtle of Chaluz, near Limo⯑ges, which mortifying, he died in eleven days af⯑ter, April 6, 1199. and was ſucceeded by his bro⯑ther, John.
Richard II. born at Bourdeaux, Jan. 6, 1367; made guardian of the kingdom, Aug. 30, 1372; created Prince of Wales, 1376; ſucceeded his grandfather, Edward III. June 21, 1377; crowned at Weſtmin⯑ſter, July 16, following; married to Anne, ſiſter to the Emperor of Germany, Jan. 14, 1382; bu⯑ried his Queen, Aug. 3, 1394; married Iſabella, daughter of France, in Autumn, 1396; taken pri⯑ſoner by Henry, Duke of Lancaſter, and ſent to the Tower, Sept. 1, 1339; reſigned his crown, Sept. 28, following, and was ſucceeded by his firſt cou⯑ſin, Henry, Duke of Lancaſter, grandſon to Ed⯑ward III.; murdered, in January, 1400, at Pomfret caſtle; buried at Langley, but afterwards removed to Weſtminſter.
Richard III. elected King, June 20, 1483; crowned, July 7, following; ſlain at the battle of Boſworth, Aug. 22, 1485, and ſucceeded by his couſin, Henry; he was buried at Leiceſter.
Richmond, Counteſs of, Henry VIII.'s grandmother, died in the year 1509, ſoon after his marriage with Ca [...]herine.
Ridley, Bp. of London, burnt at Oxford, Oct. 16, 1555.
Rivers, Earl of, Anthony, beheaded at Pontefract, June 13, 1483.
Rizio, the muſician, murdered, March 9, 1566.
Robert Duke of Normandy died in priſon, in 1134.
Robin Hood and Little John, great robbers, in 1189.
Rocheſter, Earl of, died, July 22, 1680, aged 32.
Rocheſter nearly deſtroyed by fire, in 1130; its caſtle ſurrendered to John, Nov. 30. 1215.
[29]Rollo, firſt Duke of Normandy, conquered that coun⯑try from the crown of France, in 876.
Roſamond, miſtreſs to Henry II. in 1172; ſhut up at Woodſtock, in 1189.
Rowe, Nicholas, died, Dec. 6, 1718, aged 45.
Rowe, Mrs. died, Feb. 20, 1737, aged 63.
Rubens, Paul, died, 1640, aged 62.
Ruſſel, Lord, beheaded, July 21, 1683, in Lincoln's⯑inn-fields.
Rye burnt by the French, 1377.

SACHEVEREL, Rev. Dr. ſilenced for three years, March 23, 1710.
Saliſbury, Counteſs of, the laſt of the Plantagenets, beheaded, May 27, 1540.
Sandwich burnt, 1217.
Sanquir, Lord, hanged for killing his fencing maſter, 1612.
Scales, Lord, murdered by a ferryman, Aug. 19, 1460.
Scarron, Paul, died, 1660.
Schomberg, Duke of, landed in Ireland, near Car⯑rickfergus, with an army, Aug. 13, 1689; killed at the battle of the Boyne, June, 1690.
Sea-fight with the Dutch, June 3, 1664, when the Engliſh conquered.
Sea-fight of four days, June 1, 1666.
Sea-fight Victory of the Engliſh, July 25, following.
Sea-fight at Solebay, May 28, 1672.
Sea-fight at the Texel, Aug. 11, 1673.
Sea-fight Engliſh and Dutch beat by the French, off Beachy head, June 30, 1690.
Sea-fight French beat, off La Hogue, May 19, 1692.
Sea-fight French fleet deſtroyed by Sir George Byng, Aug 11, 1718.
Sea-fight Engagement off Toulon, Feb. 9, 1744.
Sea-fight of Admiral Hawke, 1759.
Seneca born at Corduba, in Spain, in the year 1; died in 64.
[30]Seymour, Lord, beheaded on Tower-hill, March 20, 1549.
Shadwell died, Nov. 20, 1692, aged 54.
Shafteſbury built by Alfred, in 879.
Shakeſpear died in 1616, aged 52.
Shepherd, James, executed, for plotting to take away the life of King George, 1717.
Shore, Jane, miſtreſs of Edward IV. did penance, 1483.
Shovel, Sir Cloudſly, loſt on the rocks of Scilly, Oct. 22, 1707, aged 56.
Sidney, Algernon, executed, Dec. 17, 1683, aged 66.
Simnel, Lambert, the impoſtor, crowned King in Ireland, 1487.
Skinners company incorporated, 1327.
Slingſby, Sir Henry, governor of Hull, with D. Hewit, beheaded on Towerhill, June 8, 1658.
Somerſet, Duke of, made Protector, 1547; deprived, 1549; beheaded on Tower-hill, Jan. 22, 1552.
Somerſet, Duke of, Henry Beaufort, beheaded at Hea⯑ham, May 15, 1464.
Somerſet-houſe built by the Duke of Somerſet, Pro⯑tector, 1549.
Sophocles died, 406 before Chriſt, aged 90.
Southampton burnt by the Danes in 1010.
Spencer, the poet, born, 1510; died, 1596.
Spencers, father, ſon, and grandſon. The father hanged at Briſtol, aged 90, in October, 1326.

The ſon hanged at Hereford, Nov. 24, following.

The grandſon beheaded at Briſtol, 1400.
Stafford, Humphrey, for rebelling againſt Henry VII. beheaded at Tyburn, 1486.
Stafford, Lord, beheaded, through the perjury of falſe witneſſes, Dec. 29, 1680.
Stanley, Sir William, beheaded, Feb. 15, 1495.
Star-chamber, court of, inſtituted, 1487; aboliſhed, 1641.
Statius born about 41; died, about 102.
Steele, Sir Richard, died, 1729.
Stephen, St. died, in 257.
Stephen crowned, Dec. 2, 1135; defeated and taken priſoner at Lincoln, by the Earl of Glouceſter, [31]Maude's brother, in February, 1141, and put in irons at Briſtol priſon, but releaſed, on an exchange, for the Earl of Glouceſter, who was taken at Win⯑cheſter; made peace with Henry, Maude's ſon, in 1153; died of the piles, Oct. 25, 1154, aged 50; was buried at Feverſham, and ſucceeded by his cou⯑ſin, Henry, Duke of Normandy, ſon of Maude, by the Earl of Anjou.
Strafford, Earl of, beheaded, on Tower-hill, May 12, 1641, aged 48.
Style, old, ceaſed, Sept. 2, 1752, and the next day was accounted Sept. 14, N. S.
Suetonius Paulinus, in the reign of Nero, invaded the iſle of Angleſey, and burnt the Druids, in 59; de⯑feated Boadicea at London, and ſhew 80,000 of the Britons, the ſame year.
Suffolk, Duke of, murdered, 1450.
Suffolk, Duke of, beheaded, February, 1554.
Suffolk, Edmond de la Pole, Earl of, beheaded on Tower-hill, in 1513.
Surry, Earl of, beheaded on Tower-hill, 1547.
Sweyn, King of Denmark, drove Ethelred II. from his kingdom, in 1013, but was killed, Feb. 2, 1013, at Gainſborough, and was buried at York.
Swift, Dean, died, 1745.
Sydenham, Dr. died, 1689, aged 65.

TEMPLE, Sir William, died, 1700, aged 71.
Terence died, 159 before Chriſt, aged 64.
Tertullian died in 196, aged 85.
Thetford burnt by the Danes, in 1010.
Thomſon, James, died, Aug. 27, 1748, aged 47.
Thorp, Speaker of the Houſe of Commons, murdered by the mob, 1460.
Throgmorton, Francis, executed, 1583.
Thynne, Thomas, Eſq. ſhot in his coach, in Pall⯑Mall, Feb. 12, 1682.
Tibullus born, in 43 before Chriſt; died, in 11 before Chriſt.
[32]Tillotſon, Archbp. died 1694, aged 64.
Tower of London built, in 1080.
Treſilian, Sir Robert, and others, hanged at Tyburn, 1388.
Trump, Van, the Dutch Admiral, killed in an en⯑gagement, July 29, 1653.
Tyler, Wat, the rebel, killed by Walworth, Mayor of London, 1381.

VANDYCK died, 1641, aged 41.
Vane, Sir Henry, beheaded, June 14, 1662.
Venables's expedition to America, Dec. 4, 1654.
Veſpaſian conquered the iſle of Wight, in 43.
Virgil born at Andes, near Mantua, in 69 before Chriſt; died at Brunduſium, in Italy, in 18 before Chriſt.
Vortigern made King of Britain, in 447; depoſed in 455; reaſſumed the crown in 457; depoſed again, in 465.
Vortimer, ſon of Vortigern, ſucceeded to the govern⯑ment of Britain, in 455; died, in 457, and was buried at Lincoln.

WALES conquered, and divided by Wil⯑liam among the conquerors, in 1091; again compleatly, in 1283, and annexed to the crown of England.
Wallace, Sir William, taken priſoner, hanged, and quartered, 1305.
Waller, Edmund, died, 1687, aged 81.
War, among many others, with Scotland, in 1068.
War, with France, in 1161.
War, again, with ſucceſs, in 1194.
War, with France, 1201.
War, civil war renewed, 1215.
War, ended, 1216.
[33]War, civil, in 1262.
War, ended in 1267.
War, with France, 1294.
War, ended, 1299.
War, with Scotland, 1312.
War, ended, March 30, 1323.
War, again, with Scotland, 1327.
War, ended, 1328.
War, again, with Scotland, 1333.
War, with France, 1339.
War, peace with France, May 8, 1360.
War, war with France, 1368.
War, civil war, 1400.
War, war with Scotland, 1400.
War, peace with France, May 21, 1420.
War, war with France, 1412.
War, civil war between York and Lancaſter, 1452.
War, peace with France, October, 1471.
War, civil war, 1486.
War, war with France, Oct. 6, 1492.
War, peace with ditto, Nov. 3, following.
War, peace with Scotland, 1502.
War, with France, Feb. 4, 1512.
War, with Scotland, 1513.
War, peace with France, Aug. 7, 1514.
War, war with ditto, 1522.
War, with Scotland, 1522.
War, peace with France, 1527.
War, peace with Scotland, 1542.
War, war with Scotland, directly after.
War, peace with France and Scotland, June 7, 1546.
War, war with Scotland, 1547.
War, with France, 1549.
War, peace with both, March 6, 1550.
War, civil war, 1553.
War, war with France, June 7, 1557.
War, with Scotland, 1557.
War, peace with France, April 2, 1559.
War, peace with Scotland, 1560.
War, war with France, 1562.
War, peace with ditto, 1564.
War, war with Scotland, 1570.
[34]War with Spain, 1588.
War, peace with Spain, Aug. 18, 1604.
War, war with Spain, 1624.
War, with France, 1627.
War, peace with Spain and France, April 14, 1629.
War, civil war, 1642.
War, war with the Dutch, 1651.
War, peace with ditto, March, 1654.
War, war with Spain, 1655.
War, with France, Jan. 26, 1666.
War, with Denmark, Oct. 1, following.
War, peace with the French, Danes, and Dutch, June 29, 1667.
War, peace with Spain, Feb. 13, 1668.
War, war with the Algerines, Sept. 6, 1669.
War, with the Dutch, March, 1672.
War, peace with the Dutch, Feb. 28, 1674.
War, general peace, Sept. 20, 1697.
War, war with France, May 4, 1702.
War, with Spain, December, 1718.
War, peace with ditto, 1721.
War, peace with France, 1748.
War, with France, 1756.
War, with Spain, Jan. 4, 1762.
War, peace with France and Spain, Feb. 10, 1763.
Warbeck, Perkin, the impoſtor, executed at Tyburn, November, 1499.
Warwick, Earl of, made ſole governor of King Henry VI. 1427; died, 1440.
Warwick, Earl of, ſon to the Duke of Clarence, be⯑headed on Tower-hill, Nov. 21, 1499.
Warwick, Earl of, Richard Neville, defeated at the battle of Barnet, April 14, 1471, and ſlain.
Weſt Indies diſcovered by Columbus, 1493.
Weſtminſter-abbey built by Sebert, King of Eſſex, on the ſpot where a temple of Apollo had once ſtood, about 600; its monaſtery conſecrated by Edward the Confeſſor, in 1065; rebuilt and conſecrated, in 1269.
Weſtminſter-hall built, about 1098.
Whittington, Sir Richard, made Lord Mayor of Lon⯑don, March 22, 1377.
[35]Wickliffe died in 1384.
William I. Duke of Normandy, paid a viſit to Ed⯑ward the Confeſſor in England, in 1051; betrothed his daughter to Harold II. in 1058; made a claim of the crown of England, in 1066; invaded Eng⯑land, landing at Pevenſey, in Suſſex, the latter end of the ſame year; defeated the Engliſh at Haſtings, Oct. 14, 1066, where King Harold was ſlain; crowned at Weſtminſter, Dec. 26; invaded Scotland, in 1072; ſubverted the Engliſh conſtitu⯑tion, in 1074; wounded by his rebel ſon, Robert, at Gerberot, in Normandy, in 1079; invaded France, in 1088; ſoon after this, he fell from his horſe, and contracted a rupture, of which he died, at Hermentrude, near Roan, aged 63, was buried at Caen, and ſucceeded in Normandy, by his el⯑deſt ſon, Robert, and, in England, by his ſecond ſon, William.
William II. crowned at Weſtminſter, Sept. 27, 1088; invaded Normandy, in 1090, with ſucceſs; killed by accident, as he was hunting in the New Foreſt, by Sir Walter Tyrrel, Auguſt, 1100, aged 40; was buried at Wincheſter, and ſucceeded by his bro⯑ther Henry.
William III. landed at Carrickſergus, June 14, 1690; crowned, with his Queen, April 11, 1689; fell from his horſe, and broke his collar-bone, Feb. 21, 1702; died, March 8, aged 51; buried, April 12, following, and left his ſiſter-in-law, Anne, ſuc⯑ceſſor to the throne.
Wills, privilege of making them, granted by Henry I. in 1100.
Wincheſter rebuilt by Alfred, in 893; burnt, in 1102.
Windſor-caſtle built by Edward III.
Wolſey, Dean of Lincoln, formerly Rector of Lym⯑mington, Hants, appointed miniſter to Henry VIII. in 1513; made Archbiſhop of York, 1514; made Cardinal, 1515; made Chancellor, Dec. 24, fol⯑lowing; appointed Legate, 1518; reſigned the ſeals, Oct. 18, 1529; ſtripped of all he poſſeſſed, November following; died, Nov. 28, 1530.
[36]Worceſter burnt, in 1113.
Wren, Sir Chriſtopher, died, 1723, aged 90.

XENOPHON died, 359 before Chriſt, aged about 90.

YORK, Duke of, Richard Plantagenet, made Protector of the kingdom, March 27, 1454; declared right heir to the crown, 1460; ſlain at the battle of Wakefield, Dec. 24, 1460.
York city and cathedral burnt by the Danes, in 1069.
Young, Dr. Edward, died, 1765, aged 81.

Appendix A ADDENDA.

[37]

AARON born, 1574 before Chriſt.
Abraham died, 1823 before Chriſt, aged 175.
Adam and Eve created, Friday, Oct. 28, 4004 before Chriſt.
Adam died, 3079 before Chriſt, aged 930.
Addiſon died at Holland-houſe, Kenſington, June 17, 1718, aged 47.
Aeſchylus, the poet, died in Sicily, 456 before Chriſt aged 69.
Aeſop died 556 before Chriſt.
Alban, St. the firſt Engliſh martyr, died in 287.
Alexander the Great born, 356 before Chriſt; began to reign, 336 before Chriſt; died, 324 before Chriſt.
Anacreon died, 532 before Chriſt, aged 85.
Anaxagoras died, 428 before Chriſt, aged 70.
Andrew, St. martyred, Nov. 30, 69.
Anthony, St. died in a deſert, Feb. 14, 358, aged 105.
Arbuthnot, Dr. died, 1735.
Archimedes lived, 212 before Chriſt.
Ariſtarchus flouriſhed, 453 before Chriſt; died, aged 100.
Ariſtophanes lived, 397 before Chriſt.
Ariſtotle died, 322 before Chriſt, aged 62.
Athanaſius, St. died in 373, aged 73.
Atterbury, Bp. baniſhed, June 22, 1723; died, 1732, aged 69.
Auguſtin, St. Father of the Latin church, died, Aug. 28, 431, aged 78.
Barclay, John, died, 1621, aged 37.
Barrow, Dr. Iſaac, died, May 4, 1677, aged 47.
Bartholomew, St. martyred, Aug. 24, 71.
Bayle, P. died, 1706, aged 58.
Bede died, in 735, aged 65.
Birch, Dr. died, by a fall from his horſe, 1768, aged 78.
[38]Blenheim, battle of, Aug. 2, 1704.
Boerhaave, Dr. died, Sept. 23, 1738, aged 69.
Boyle, Robert, died, 1691, aged 64.
Bruyere died, 1696, aged 56.
Burnet, Bp. died, 1715, aged 71.
Butler born, 1612; died, 1680.
Calvin died at Geneva, May 27, 1554, aged 45.
Cambray, Fenelon, Archbp. of, died, 1715, aged 63.
Cato killed himſelf, in 45 before Chriſt.
Catullus born at Sirmio, in 80 before Chriſt; died, in 11 before Chriſt.
Cicero born, in 107 before Chriſt.
Circumciſion eſtabliſhed, 1897 before Chriſt.
Clarke, Dr. Samuel, died, 1745, aged 53.
Claudian born at Alexandria, about 365.
Cornelius Nepos died, before Chriſt, about 25.
Cowley died, Aug. 3, 1667, aged 48.
Creech, Mr. Thomas, killed himſelf, in 1701.
Dacier, Madame, died, 1720, aged 68.
David ſucceeded Saul on the throne of Hebron, 1059 before Chriſt; died, in 1019 before Chriſt, aged 70.
Deluge began, 2348 before Chriſt, Nov. 25.
Deluge of Deucalion, 1529 before Chriſt.
Democritus died, about 403 before Chriſt, aged 109.
Demoſthenes killed himſelf, 313 before Chriſt, aged 62.
Derham, Dr. William, died, April 5, 1735, aged 78.
Diogenes, born 520 before Chriſt.
Doddridge, Dr. died, Oct. 26, 1751, aged 50.
Donne, Dr. John, died, March 31, 1631, aged 58.
Draiton, Michael, died, in 1613.
Dryden born, 1632; died, May 1, 1700.
Empedocles flouriſhed, 445 before Chriſt.
Epictetus lived in 63.
Euclid died, about 241 before Chriſt, aged 74.
Euripides died, 407 before Chriſt, aged 77.
Foundling hoſpital, charter of, paſſed, Oct. 17, 1739.
Froſt, hard, 1740.
Heſiod lived 944 before Chriſt.
Herodotus lived, 469 before Chriſt; died, aged 42.
Holofernes killed by Judith, 688 before Chriſt.
[39]Homer born, about 1041 before Chriſt.
Iſaac died, 1717 before Chriſt, aged 180.
Iſocrates, the Athenian orator, died, 338 before Chriſt, aged 89.
Jacob died, 1689 before Chriſt, aged 147.
Jerom, St. died, Sept. 30, 421, aged 91, and was buried at Bethlehem.
Job died, 1533 before Chriſt, aged 189.
John, St. the Evangeliſt, died, Dec. 27, 100.
Joſeph tempted by Potiphar's wife, 1788 before Chriſt; ſold, 1728; made Governor of Egypt, 1715; died in Egypt, 1635 before Chriſt, aged 110.
Joſephus lived in 71.
Juſtin lived about 250.
Kempis, Thomas a, died, 1471.
Livius, Titus, born, 58 before Chriſt; died, in 18.
Luther died, Feb. 18, 1546.
Mahomet began to teach his errors, in 612.
Malplaquet, battle of, in 1709.
Mead, Dr Richard, died, 1754.
Moſes born, 1571 before Chriſt.
Noah died in 1998 before Chriſt, aged 950.
Patrick, St. firſt biſhop in Ireland, died, in 491, aged 122.
Plautus died in 184 before Chriſt.
Pliny ſecond, lived in 74; died, aged 56.
Pliny the younger lived in 99.
Polybius born, 205 before Chriſt.
Portobello taken by Admiral Vernon, Nov. 22, 1739.
Rome ſounded, 753 before Chriſt. Romulus was the firſt king.
Sackville, Lord George, tried, Aug. 15, 1760.
Salluſtius died, in 34 before Chriſt.
Samuel died, in 1061 before Chriſt.
Sappho lived in 603 before Chriſt.
Socrates, the philoſopher, died, in 400 before Chriſt, aged 70.
Sodom burnt, 1897 before Chriſt.
Solomon born, 1043 before Chriſt; ſucceeded his father, David, on the throne, 1019 before Chriſt; finiſhed his temple, 1008 before Chriſt; died in 980 before Chriſt, aged 62.
[40]Solon was born, 640 before Chriſt. He lived 80 years.
Tacitus lived in 97.
Thales, the philoſopher, born, 640 before Chriſt; died, 572 before Chriſt.
Thucydides born, 470 before Chriſt.
Weſtminſter-bridge opened, Nov. 17, 1750.
Zuinglius was killed in the Swiſs war, in 1531, aged 44.

Appendix B ERRATA.

Battle of Oudenarde, for July, read June 30.
Chaucer, &c. for 1400, read 1440.
Rocheſter, Earl of, &c. for July 22, read July 26.

Appendix C Remarkable Occurrences, Not inſerted in the Body of this Work.

[41]

WILLIAM II.'s REIGN.

1090. A Dreadful earthquake throughout the whole kingdom, which was follow⯑ed by a great ſcarcity of fruit, and ſo late a harveſt, that corn was not full ripe at the end of November. Sir J. Haywood's Hiſtory, Will. II.
1091. On the 5th of October, there fell a violent ſtorm in ſeveral parts of England, eſpecially at Winchelſcomb, in Gloceſterſhire, where the ſteeple of the church was thrown down by thunder and lightening, and the crucifix, with the image of the Virgin, was broken to pieces. The hurricane was followed by a noiſome ſtink. Holingſhed.

During the above, there was alſo a thick ſmoke which darkened the ſky. Sir J. Hayw.

On the 17th of the ſame month, there hap⯑pened a ſtorm of wind at S. W. the ſame that blew in the late tempeſt, ſo dreadful to the whole nation. In London, it threw down above 500 houſes, and unroofed Bow-church. At Old Sarum, the ſteeple and many houſes were blown down. Holing.
1094, was remarkable for the number of gliding ſtars, that ſeemed to daſh together, in manner of a conflict. Sir J. Hayw.

Alſo for a great mortality of men and beaſts, ſo that the ground lay untilled in many places, which cauſed a ſevere dearth. Holing.

HENRY I.'s REIGN.

1104. A comet appeared, and four circles were ſeen about the ſun. Sir J. Hayw. Hiſt. Hen. I.
1107. Another comet was ſeen, and, on the Thurſ⯑day night before, two full moons appeared, one in the eaſt, the other in the weſt. Ditto.
1110. A third comet was ſeen, and an earthquake happened in Shropſhire.
1111. The river Trent, near Nottingham, ceaſed to run its courſe for twenty-four hours, ſo that the channel was dried up. Holing.

There was, this year, a great mortality among men, cattle, and fowls. Sir J. Hayw.
1113. The water of the river Medway failed ſo much, that the ſmalleſt boats could not float in the channel; alſo, the Thames was ſo low between the Tower and the bridge, that wo⯑men and children waded it over; owing to ſo great an ebb in the ocean, that laid the ſands bare ſeveral miles from the ſhore, which con⯑tinued a whole day. Sir J. Hayw.

In December, the air appeared red, as though it burned, Holing.
1114. During this year, almoſt all the bridges in England, being then of timber, were broken down by the ice when it thawed, after a ſevere froſt. Holing.
1116. In December a great earthquake happened, and the colour of the moon was that of blood. Ditto.
1120. In September, an earthquake.
1134. On the 2d of Auguſt, juſt as King Henry was about to take ſhip, and ſail for Normandy, an eclipſe of the ſun and moon appeared; at which time, William of Malmſbury, who was then living, writes, he ſaw the ſtars plainly about the ſun. This eclipſe was followed by a moſt terrible earthquake.

[43]During the earthquake, flames of fire burſt out of certain riffs of the earth with great violence. Holing.

HENRY II.'s REIGN.

1160. Thirty German heretics came to England, to propagate their opinions. They ſaid they were Chriſtians, but denied baptiſm, the Lord's ſupper, and matrimony; for which they were condemned by a council of biſhops at Oxford, and delivered over to the ſecular arm. Accordingly, they were marked in the fore⯑head with a red hot iron, whipped, and thruſt out of doors naked, in the midſt of winter [...] where, none daring to relieve them, an order having been publiſhed to the contrary, they died of hunger and cold.
1171. A great tempeſt happened in Scotland, Eng⯑land, and Ireland. Holing.

As King Henry was about to take horſe at Cardiff, in Glamorganſhire, an apparition ap⯑peared to him, and, having threatened him with ſome dreadful plagues, if he did not amend his life, it vaniſhed. Holing.
1172. The following infamous collect was ordered to be uſed in all churches in the province of Canterbury, to expiate the guilt of Becket's murder: ‘Be favourable, good Lord, to our ſupplication and prayer, that we, which ac⯑knowledge ourſelves guilty of iniquity, may be delivered by the interceſſion of Thomas, thy bleſſed martyr and biſhop.’ Holing.
1179. On the 18th of June, after ſun-ſet, the new moon then ſhining out fair, with her horns to the eaſt, on a ſudden, ſeemed to be divided in two, out of which there appeared to riſe a burning brand, caſting forth ſparks and flames, as if it had been on fire. The body of the moon ſeemed to wriggle like an adder that is beaten; it did ſo above twelve times, and then turned black. Holing.

[44]At Chriſtmas, at a place called Oxen-hall, near Darlington, in the biſhoprick of Durham, the earth raiſed itſelf up like a lofty tower, and remained ſeveral hours in that poſture; on a ſudden, it funk down again, with a horrid noiſe, and the earth ſo ſucked it in, that it made there a deep pit, which continues to this day. Mr. Camden ſuppoſes it to be the wells that are now called Hell-kettles. Rog. Hov.
1185. There was ſo great an earthquake as to over⯑throw the church of Lincoln, and others.

RICHARD I.'s REIGN.

1189. The fiſh leaped out of a pool in Normandy, and fought together on dry land, with ſuch noiſe, as drew the neighbouring people to behold this wonder, which was in the night⯑time.
1190. On Midſummer-eve, the ſun was eclipſed for three hours, at ten in the morning, and the ſtars appeared.
1193. 1194. 1195. There was ſo great a dearth in England and France, that a quarter of wheat was ſold for almoſt twenty ſhillings, as much as ſix pounds now, which was followed by a peſtilential fever, that carried off multitudes of people; during which time, the dead were buried in a great many at once, people died ſo faſt. About Whitſunday, two ſuns appeared, ſo like each other, that they could not be diſtinguiſhed without inſtruments. Com. Hiſt. Eng. p. 156.

HENRY III.'s REIGN.

1221. Two impoſtors were crucified, for giving out, that they were both of them the Meſ⯑ſiah, or Chriſt; and two women were ex⯑ecuted, the one for pretending the Virgin Ma⯑ry, and the other, Mary Magdalen.
1222. There was a dreadful tempeſt of thunder, lightening, and rain, in February, which [45]threw down ſeveral churches. This was followed by extraordinary rains, and that by a dearth, another violent tempeſt, an earth⯑quake, a prodigious ſtorm of wind, inunda⯑tions, and a comet. Holing.
1233. It thundered for fifteen days together. The next year began with terrible tempeſts of thun⯑der, rain, and floods, which ſpoiled the fruits of the earth.

In April, at ſeven in the morning, there ap⯑peared four falſe ſuns, in Worceſterſhire and Herefordſhire. The true ſun was of a red co⯑lour, with a great circle, of chryſtaline colour, whoſe circuit ſeemed as large as the kingdom of England; from its ſides went forth certain half circles, in whoſe ſections the four falſe ſuns appeared. Holing.
1239. On the 16th of June, Prince Edward, Hen⯑ry III.'s eldeſt ſon was born. Before his birth there appeared a new ſtar in the heavens for ſe⯑veral days together; it was carried with a ſwift courſe through a long circuit of air; it ſeemed ſometimes to bear fire along with it, and ſome⯑times to leave ſmoak behind it. Holing.
1240. There was a great battle of fiſh at ſea, ſo that eleven whales were caſt aſhore, and ap⯑peared to be dead, from ſome wounds they had received. Not long after, a great ſound was heard at one time, in all parts of England, as if it had been the noiſe of mountains falling in⯑to the ſea. Mat. Paris.
1242. The ſun was eclipſed in a terrible manner, and, two years afterwards, ſo many ſtars ſeem⯑ed to fall from heaven, that, had they really fallen, none would have been left. Holing.
1248. On the 14th of February, there happened a dreadful earthquake, and the ſea, for a long tract, near the coaſt of England, ceaſed to ebb and flow for near three months together. Ho⯑ling.
1249. Several ſteeples and houſes were thrown [46]down in Somerſetſhire by an earthquake. Holing.
1250. On the 1ſt of October, the moon appeared red and bloated, the preſage of a ſtorm of wind, ſo violent, that the ſea flowed twice without ebbing, and, in the night, ſeemed to burn. Soon after, an earthquake was felt at St. Al⯑ban's. Holing.
1251. The chimney of the chamber where the Queen and her children lay, was blown down by a terrible ſtorm, and her whole apartment at Windſor ſhaken and torn. Oaks in the park were rent aſunder, and turned up by the roots, and all was accompanied with ſuch thunders and lightnings as had not been known in the memory of man. Holing.

In May, the new moon appeared three days before her time, and the ſun, moon, and ſtars, for fifteen days ſucceſſively, ſeemed of a red colour. A dearth, and a murrain among cattle followed this prodigy. Holing.
1254. In February, the new moon was ſeen four days before her time. Holing.
1256. A comet appeared, and the King and Queen of Scots viſited England.
1262. The two companies of goldſmiths and tay⯑lors of London fought, and ſeveral were killed on both ſides. The ſheriffs appeaſed the tu⯑mult, and thirteen of the moſt mutinous of them were hanged, as were thirty citizens of Norwich, for quarrelling, and fighting with the monks of that city. Holing.

EDWARD I.'s REIGN.

1274. A general earthquake happened in Eng⯑land. It threw down St. Michael's church on the hill, without Glaſtonbury. Mat. Weſtminſter.
1278. Two hundred and eighty Jews, beſides many of their Chriſtian accomplices, and thoſe who [47]ſuffered in other parts of England, were exe⯑cuted in London, for clipping, Guthrie.
1285. As the King and Queen were talking to⯑gether, in their bed-chamber, a flaſh of light⯑ning ſtruck in at the window, paſſed by them, killed two of their ſervants, who were waiting upon them, but did them no prejudice. Ditto.
1286. Wheat ſold in ſome places at twelve pence a quarter, and not many years after, for twenty ſhillings a buſhel, as much as four pounds now.
1293. Fifteen days after Michaelmas, Baliol, King of Scotland, appeared in Weſtminſter-hall, in perſon, by ſummons, to anſwer a complaint againſt him, of the Earl of Fife, where he pleaded his own cauſe. Guthrie.

EDWARD II.'s REIGN.

1315. Some time before Chriſtmas, a blazing ſtar, or comet, appeared in the north, was ſeen for a month together, and was the fore⯑runner of a famine or mortality. Wheat was ſold for forty ſhillings a quarter, as much as eight pounds now; and a murrain deſtroyed the cattle.
1316. The famine continuing, the poor were forced to eat horſe-fleſh, dogs, and there was not ſuf⯑ficient even of that vile food to keep them alive. Wheat was ſold for near three pounds a buſhel, and the mortality raged as violently as in the preceding year. Holing.
1318. Nov. 14, happened the greateſt earthquake that had ever been ſeen in England.
1326. The Biſhop of Exeter, Walter de Stapleton, founder of Exeter college, and Hart-hall, in Oxford, was murdered in an inſurrection of the people of London. He was a miniſter of ſtate in Edward II.'s reign, and ſided with the court.

EDWARD III.'s REIGN.

1330. July 16, there happened a great eclipſe of the ſun, and the rains were ſo violent this year, that the harveſt did not begin till Mi⯑chaelmas. At Chriſtmas, a mighty weſterly wind overthrew ſeveral private houſes and pub⯑lic edifices, tore up trees by the root, and did a vaſt deal of miſchief.
1335. The rains were ſo fatal, that the corn was ſpoiled; a dearth enſued, wheat being ſold at forty ſhillings a quarter, as much as twenty ſhillings a buſhel now; and the cattle was de⯑ſtroyed by a murrain.
1338. It rained almoſt continually, from the be⯑ginning of October, to the beginning of De⯑cember, and then came a froſt upon it, which laſted twelve weeks; yet, though the corn was deſtroyed by it in a great meaſure, the war with Scotland made money ſo ſcarce, that all ſorts of grain were ſold at a reaſonable rate.
1339. A hundred and twenty laymen, and ſeveral prieſts, beſides women, were drowned by an inundation, at Newcaſtle upon Tyne.
1346. While the battle of Crecy was fighting, there fell a violent ſtorm of hail, accompanied with an eclipſe, and terrible thunder; at which time, prodigious flights of crows hovered over the Engliſh and French armies.

This was alſo the time when Edward, the black Prince, firſt adopted, in memorial of this victory, the Bohemian creſt and motto, viz. three oſtrich feathers, and Ich dien (i. e.) I ſerve, the King of Bohemia being ſlain in the action. Succeeding Princes of Wales have continued it ever ſince.
1348. It rained from Midſummer to Chriſtmas, ſo that there was not one day or night d [...]y toge⯑ther. This wet ſeaſon cauſed great floods, and a peſtilence, which raged for a whole year. The earth was at the ſame time barren, and [49]even the ſea did not produce ſuch plenty of fiſh as formerly. The mortality was ſo great, that, in the city of London, two hundred bodies were buried every day in the Charter-houſe yard, be⯑ſides thoſe interred in other common burying⯑places; and this laſted from Candlemas to Eaſter.
1353, was remarkable for the ſcarcity of corn and proviſions in England and France, occaſioned by a great drought. It was called the dear ſummer. Rye was brought out of Zealand, to ſupport the poor, who otherwiſe muſt have pe⯑riſhed for want of ſuſtenance.
1359. When King Edward was on his march, within two leagues of Chartres, there happen⯑ed a moſt dreadful hurricane of deadly piercing wind, that ſwelled a tempeſt of rain, light⯑ning, and hail-ſtones, ſo prodigious, as to kill inſtantly ſix thouſand of his horſes, and a thou⯑ſand of his beſt troops.
1360. Men and beaſts were deſtroyed in ſeveral parts of England, by thunder and lightening; many houſes were burnt and ruined by it, and ſtrange ſights were alſo ſeen.
1362. A new plague broke out in France, which cut off upwards of thirty thouſand inhabitants in Paris, and ſpreading into England, raged with equal violence in London.
1364. On the 8th of April died, at the Savoy, in London, John, King of France.
1365. The rains were again violent, and a great dearth and peſtilence followed. Flights of ſparrows fought in the air, and many of them dropped dead to the ground.
1371. On the 22d of February, died at London, David, King of Scotland.

In March, a comet appeared between the north and weſt; the beams were darted to⯑wards France, and were thought to preſage new troubles to that kingdom the year fol⯑lowing.

[50]The weſtern parts of England, particularly Oxford, were greatly afflicted with a peſtilence.

RICHARD II.'s REIGN.

1379. This ſummer there was a peſtilence, that laid waſte a great part of the north of Eng⯑land.
1381. When Richard II.'s firſt wife, Queen Anne, came from Bohemia, ſhe had no ſooner ſet foot on ſhore, but ſuch a tempeſt immediately aroſe, as had not been ſeen in many years. Several ſhips were daſhed in pieces in the har⯑bour, and the ſhip, in which the Queen came over, was ſhattered and broken; which was the more obſervable, becauſe his ſecond wife brought a ſtorm with her to the Engliſh coaſts, in which the King's baggage was loſt, and many ſhips of his fleet caſt away. Sir J. Hayw.
1382. May 21, ſeveral churches were thrown down by an earthquake. Holing.

This year the uſe of guns came in, and Sir Hugh Calverly, governor of Calais, was the firſt that employed them in the Engliſh ſer⯑vice.
1386. Wine was ſo cheap, that the beſt was ſold at twenty ſhillings the ton, and the ſecond ſort at thirteen and four pence.

Sir John Montacute, a follower of Wick⯑liffe, ordered all the images to be taken out of his church at Shenley, in Buckinghamſhire. Holing.
1388. While the King was at Richmond, in the month of July, there appeared on a ſudden ſuch innumerable ſwarms of gnats, that they darkened the air. They ſkirmiſhed and fought in parties. The ſlain fell to the ground by heaps at a time, and, being ſwept together with brooms, were found to be many buſhels full. About a third part of the whole came off conquerors, and flew away.
[51]1389. A hurricane threw down many houſes, de⯑ſtroyed cattle, and rooted up trees. This pre⯑ceded a great mortality, eſpecially among youth, and that, a famine. Holing.
1391. July 9, the ſun appeared to be obſcured by certain thick and dreary clouds between that and the earth; its beams ſeemed of the colour of blood, and gave little or no light from noon till it ſat. Theſe clouds roſe daily for almoſt ſix weeks together. The north and eaſt parts of England were, at the ſame time, ſore af⯑flicted with a peſtilence. In a few weeks there died eleven thouſand perſons in the city of York. Holing.
1392. A dolphin was taken near London-bridge, ten feet long.
1394. An apparition of fire was ſeen in divers pla⯑ces in England, in ſeveral forms; ſometimes like a turning wheel, burning; ſometimes like a barrel, with flames guſhing out of the head; and ſometimes like a long burning lance. When it appeared to any perſons, it would go as they went, and ſtop as they ſtopped.

In April, a fiery dragon was ſeen in ſeveral counties, and, ſome time before there happen⯑ed a conjunction of the two greateſt planets, Saturn and Jupiter. Holing.

HENRY IV.'s REIGN.

1400. The conduit in Cornhill was built in a place where before ſtood a priſon for night⯑walkers called the Tun, the materials of which ſerved to raiſe the new conduit.
1401. About the beginning of March appeared a very terrible blazing ſtar, ſending forth its fiery ſtreams at firſt towards the north-eaſt, and at length towards the north, where it ſeemed to fix, which after was thought to portend the bloody wars between the Scots and Engliſh.
1402. The devil is ſaid to have appeared in the ſhape and habit of a grey friar, in Danbury [52]church, Eſſex, where he behaved himſelf ſo outrageouſly, that he much affrighted the inhabitants. At the ſame time aroſe ſo great a tempeſt thereabout, that it blew down the ſteeple, and carried away half the chancel.
1407. In October, a violent plague broke out in England, which is ſaid to have carried off 30,000 in London, and as many, in proportion, in the country.

A little before Chriſtmas began a froſt of that violence and long continuance, that the like was ſcarce ever heard of in England. It laſted fifteen weeks, and, being accompanied with abundance of ſnow, it was ſo deſtructive to the birds eſpecially, that almoſt all the ſmaller birds died with cold and hunger.
1408. There was a famous play acted at Skinners⯑well, near Clerkenwell, London, repreſenting the chief matters of the world, from the crea⯑tion; it laſted eight days, and the chief of the nobility and gentry of England were at it. From thence they went to royal juſts in Smith⯑field, between the Earl of Hainault, and cer⯑tain Hanoverians, challengers, and the Earl of Somerſet, and an equal number of Engliſhmen, defendants. The victory was on the Engliſh⯑mens ſide; for the Earl overcame, and all the Engliſhmen but one.
1410. Guildhall, in the city of London, which was but a mean cottage before, was, this year, made a ſtately building, at the charge of the city; and the company of grocers laid the foundation of their hall in Cunihope lane.

HENRY V.'s REIGN.

1413. April 9, the day of Henry's coronation, there happened a tempeſt of rain, ſnow, and hail, on which there were various ſuggeſ⯑tions, as imagining it foreboded extraordinary events.
[53]
1415. This year the church-ſervice was changed throughout England, from the uſe of St. Paul, to the uſe of Sarum.

On Candlemas day, ſeven dolphins were diſ⯑covered playing in the river Thames, and four of them were taken.
1416. In Spring, the Emperor Sigiſmund came to England.

HENRY VI.'s REIGN.

1426. On Saturday, the eve of St. Michael, in the morning, began a very dreadful earth⯑quake, accompanied with thunder and light⯑ning.

John Rainwell, fiſhmonger, was choſen Mayor of London, who was a great benefactor to the city, and began building of the Tower at the draw-bridge of London.
1434. Nov. 24, a froſt began, which laſted till Feb. 10. The Thames was frozen over below bridge to Graveſend.
1437. The fartheſt gate of London-bridge, near Southwark, with the tower on it, and the two arches that ſupported it, fell down ſuddenly. About the ſame time, all the lions in the Tower died.
1438. There was a great dearth, ſo that, in many places, they made bread of fern roots and ivy⯑berries.

Nov. 25, a guſt of wind blew off the leads of the Grey Friars church, and almoſt beat down the whole ſide of a ſtreet called the Old Exchange.

At Bedford, on the day of the aſſizes, eigh⯑teen perſons were killed, and many hurt, by the fall of a ſtair-caſe.
1443. On Candlemas day, St. Paul's ſteeple was fired by lightning. At the ſame time, the ſteeple of Waltham-croſs was conſumed, but the church was ſaved.
[54]446. Simon Eyre, Lord Mayor, began to build Leadenhall, as a ſtorehouſe for corn and fuel for the poor of the city. This year alſo there were two unuſual combats within liſts appoint⯑ed. The firſt was by the prior of Kilmain in Ireland, who impeached the Earl of Ormond of high treaſon, and the place of trial was in Smithfield; but the quarrel was taken up by the King, and ſo decided without combat. The ſecond was by one John David, an ar⯑mourer, who impeached his maſter, William Catur, of treaſon; but the latter being with his neighbours, intoxicated with wine, before he came to fight, he was unhappily ſlain, without any juſt ſuſpicion of guilt; but the ſervant lived not long after him; for, the next aſſize, he was hanged for ſelony.
1453. John Norman, Lord Mayor of London, was the firſt that went to be ſworn in Weſtminſter⯑hall, by water.

Conſtantinople was taken by the Turks.
1456. There was taken at Erith, within twelve miles of London, four wonderful fiſhes, viz. two whales, one ſword-fiſh, and a fiſh called Mors Morina.
1458. The uſeful invention of printing was made public, by one John Fauſtus, a goldſmith, and citizen of Mentz.

EDWARD IV.'s REIGN.

1467. The people had an extravagant way of adorning their feet. They wore the beaks or pikes of their ſhoes ſo long, that they en⯑cumbered them in their walking, and were forced to tye them up to their knees; the fine gentlemen did theirs with chains of ſilver, or ſilver gilt, and others, with laces. This ri⯑diculous cuſtom was in vogue ever ſince the year 1382, but now it was prohibited, on the forfeiture of twenty ſhillings, and the pain of curſing by the clergy.

[55]This year the King concluded a league with the King of Caſtile and Arragon, by which he allowed certain Cotſwold ſheep to be tranſ⯑ported into Spain, where the breed ſo increaſ⯑ed, that their fine wool has ſince proved very detrimental to England.
1471. William Caxton, a mercer of London, and a lover of letters, and author of the chronicle called Fractus Temporum, brought the art of printing into England, and practiſed it firſt in Weſtminſter-abbey.
1477. There was ſo dreadful a plague, that hiſto⯑rians relate more people were deſtroyed by it than by fifteen years war before.
1479. Robert Byfield, one of the ſheriffs of Lon⯑don, was fined fifty pounds by the court of aldermen, for affronting the Lord Mayor, which, it ſeems, was only by kneeling too near him at prayers, at St. Paul's church.
1480. Two notorious thieves were preſſed to death, for robbing the church of St. Martin le Grand, London, and others of the gang hanged and burnt.

RICHARD III.'s REIGN.

1483. There happened ſuch a flood in Glouceſter⯑ſhire, that all the country was overflowed by the Severn; ſeveral perſons were drowned in their beds, children in cradles ſwam about in the fields, and beaſts were drowned even on the hills. The waters did not abate in ten days, which hindered the Duke of Buckingham's paſſing that river into Wales, to join the Welchmen, who were riſen againſt the King, and occaſioned his misfortune and death. Holing.

Banniſter, who betrayed the Duke of Buck⯑ingham, his maſter, was ſorely afflicted with God's judgments. His eldeſt ſon went mad, and died raving in a hog-ſty. His eldeſt daugh⯑ter, a beauty, was ſuddenly ſtricken with a [56]foul leproſy. His ſecond ſon taken lame in his limbs. His youngeſt ſon was ſuffocated in a puddle of filthy water; and himſelf, in an extreme old age, found guilty of murder, but ſaved by his clergy. Holing.

HENRY VII.'s REIGN.

1485. In September raged the ſweating ſickneſs, that carried off an infinite number of people.

This year the yeomen of the guards were firſt inſtituted.
1486. John Percival, the King's carver, was drank to by the Lord Mayor, for ſheriff, the firſt time this method of election was uſed.
1491. Robert Fabian was alderman and ſheriff of London. He wrote a hiſtory of England and France, from the creation of the world to the third year of the reign of Henry VIII.
1492. Aug. 2, Chriſtopher Columbus ſet out from Cadiz, for the diſcovery of the weſtern world.
1493. April 28, Joan Boughton, a widow, was burnt in Smithfield for hereſy, and profeſſing Wickliffe's opinion.

This year, wheat was ſold in London for four ſhillings a quarter, and claret for thirty ſhillings a hogſhead.
1494. The body of one Alice Hackney, which had been buried one hundred and ſeventy-five years, was accidentally dug up in the church of St. Mary-Hill, London; the ſkin of the corpſe was whole, and the joints of the arms pliable.
1499. A peſtilence raged in England, which ſwept away no leſs than 30,000 in the city of Lon⯑don.
1501. Sir John Shaw, this year, was the firſt Lord Mayor that held his feaſt at Guildhall. It uſed to be held at Mercers or Merchant-taylors hall.
1502. January 18, the firſt ſtone of Henry VII.'s chapel was laid.
[57]1505. Philip, King of Caſtile, in his voyage to Spain, was driven by a ſtorm on the coaſt of England, where he was detained till he had ſeen King Henry, which he did at Windſor.
1507. The ſweating ſickneſs returned, but the cure being known, it was not mortal.

HENRY VIII.'s REIGN.

1517. This year the ſweating ſickneſs raged in England, ſo great, that, in ſome towns half the inhabitants died, in others one third.
1520. May 25, Charles, Emperor of Germany, vi⯑ſited England.
1523. Chriſtian, King of Denmark, came over to England.

EDWARD VI.'s REIGN.

1548. The plague broke out in London.
1549. July 24, Lord Lieutenant of counties firſt inſtituted.
1550. Horſe-guards inſtituted.
1551. The ſweating ſickneſs again viſited England.
1552. Jan. 26, the Dowager Queen of Scotland landed at Portſmouth.
1553. The book of common prayer firſt printed.
1567. There were found, on enquiry, to be only fifty-eight Scotchmen in London.

ELIZABETH's REIGN.

1579. The Turkey company eſtabliſhed in England.
1594. The plague broke out, and was fatal in England.
1600. Eaſt India company eſtabliſhed. Their ſtock conſiſting of 72,000l. they fitted out four ſhips, and, meeting with ſucceſs, they have continued ever ſince.

About this time, London was almoſt en⯑tirely built of wood, and, in every reſpect, a [58]very ugly city. The Earl of Arundel firſt in⯑troduced the practice of brick-buildings.

JAMES I.'s REIGN.

1604. The plague broke out in London, and car⯑ried off 30,000 people, near one fourth of its inhabitants.
1606. This ſummer the King of Denmark viſited England.
1614. Baronets firſt created.

Lotteries were firſt eſtabliſhed.

New River brought to London.

King of Denmark reviſited England.
1617. Sports allowed on Sundays, after ſervice.
1621. A parliament met, June 16, and was re⯑markable for being the epoch in which were firſt regularly formed the parties of court and country.

The power of granting licences to public houſes was about this time firſt veſted in Sir Giles Mompeſſon and Sir Francis Michel, for their own emolument.

CHARLES I.'s REIGN.

1625. The plague broke out in London.
1631. The ſpring of this year was diſtinguiſhed by the trial of the Earl of Caſtlehaven, for inviting people to commit rapes on his wife. He was condemned and executed.
1638. Queen-mother of France arrived in England in October.

Epiſcopacy aboliſhed in Scotland.

REPUBLIC.

1654. Don Pantaleon de Sa, brother to the Por⯑tugueſe ambaſſador, executed, for ſhooting Mr. Greenaway.
1658. Sept. 3, the day Oliver Cromwell died, there aroſe a ſtorm, ſo violent and dreadful, that it [59]extended all over Europe, and ſeemed to threaten a wreck of nature.

CHARLES II.'s REIGN.

1660. Oct. 10, ten of the regicides were tried, and executed ſoon after.

Dec. 30, The Royal Society inſtituted.
1663. June 1, a treaſonable conſpiracy in Ireland diſcovered.
1664. Jan. 5, a plot of the fanatics in the north diſcovered, for which about twenty-one were executed.

Dec. 4, 130 ſail of Dutch merchantmen ta⯑ken by the Duke of York.
1665. The plague broke out in London, which carried off 68,600 people.
1666. Jan 6, the plague ceaſed.

Sept. 2, a great fire happened in London, that conſumed 13,200 houſes.
1667. June 11, the Dutch fleet ſailed up as far as Chatham, and deſtroyed great part of the Eng⯑liſh fleet.
1669. The Royal Exchange finiſhed.

Coventry act paſſed.
1671. May 10, Sir Edward Spragg, an Engliſh ad⯑miral, deſtroyed twelve Algerine pirates.
1673. March 29, the teſt-act paſſed againſt the papiſts, upon which the Duke of York reſigned his place of Admiral, which was conferred on Prince Rupert.
1678. Sept. 6, Dr. Tongue and Titus Oates, an infamous clergyman, made diſcovery of a pre⯑tended plot, ſaid to have been entered into by the papiſts, for deſtroying the King, and in⯑troducing popery. The Queen, and the Duke of York, and almoſt all the Popiſh noblemen in England, were accuſed of being in this plot, and the lives of many Roman Catholic clergy⯑men, who were executed at Tyburn, were moſt villainouſly ſworn away by Oates, and other wretches, who were too much encouraged by [60]the Parliament, out of hatred to the Duke of York, and the Papiſts.

Oct. 25, the Popiſh Lords were committed to the Tower, upon the oath of Oates.
1679. May 27, the Habeas Corpus act paſſed.
1680. In December, a remarkable comet appeared.
1683. June 12, the charter of the city of London was declared, by the court of King's-bench, to be forfeited to the crown.

June 28, the Earl of Eſſex and Lord Ruſſel were committed to the Tower, where the Earl of Eſſex cut his own throat.

JAMES II.'s REIGN.

1688. Seven biſhops ſent to the Tower.

WILLIAM AND MARY's REIGN.

1690. In April, great part of the palace of White⯑hall was conſumed by fire, through the negli⯑gence of a female ſervant.

Nov. 7, 12,000 Iriſh Catholics tranſported themſelves to France.
1693. The Bank of England eſtabliſhed, and the act paſſed for licencing hackney-coaches.
1694. In November, the bill for triennial parlia⯑ments received the royal aſſent,
1695. The African company eſtabliſhed.
1696. A plot was laid in February, for aſſaſſinating King William.
1697. Peter, Czar of Muſcovy, viſited England, in the diſguiſe of a common man, working in a ſhip-yard.
1698. A new Eaſt India company eſtabliſhed.

Jan. 5, Whitehall palace was totally con⯑ſumed, by the careleſſneſs of a laundreſs.

The Society for the reformation of manners was formed.
1700. The old Eaſt India company re-eſtabliſhed.

June 12, the ſucceſſion ſettled on the houſe of Hanover.

ANNE's REIGN.

1702. Feb. 22, the act paſſed, by which the qua⯑ker's affirmation is accepted in the room of an oath.
1703. Nov. 26, 27, there happened ſuch a dreadful tempeſt as frightened the whole kingdom. The houſes in London ſhook, and many fell. The water roſe to a great height in Weſtmin⯑ſter-hall, and London-bridge was choaked up with wrecks. Thirteen ſhips of war were loſt, and 1500 ſeamen. The damage at London was computed at a million ſterling.

Charles, King of Spain, landed at Portſ⯑mouth, Sept. 26, 1703, on a viſit.
1704. Feb. 7, the Queen granted the firſt fruits and tenths to the poor clergy.
1707. May 1, the union took place between Eng⯑land and Scotland.

GEORGE I.'s REIGN.

1716. The act paſſed for ſeptennial parliaments.

May 6, the South Sea act paſſed.
1717. This year was the laſt the houſes of convo⯑cation ſat to do buſineſs.

Charters granted to the Royal and London aſſurance-offices.

GEORGE II.'s REIGN.

1730. Seven Cherokee chiefs were brought into England, by Sir Alexander Cummin.
1732. In April, Richard Smith, a bookbinder, priſoner in the King's-bench, perſuaded his wife to follow his example, and make away with herſelf, after they had murdered their in⯑fant. They were found hanging in their chamber, and their infant dead in the cradle. They left a paper, intimating, they did it to avoid the diſtreſſes of life.
[62]1740. A bard froſt began at Chriſtmas, and conti⯑nued till the latter end of February.
1750. Jan. 8, and Feb. 8, were felt two ſhocks of an earthquake in London.

In the month of May, the Lord Mayor, one alderman, two judges, the greateſt part of the jury, and a number of ſpectators, caught the jail-diſtemper, at the ſeſſions-houſe in the Old Bailey, of which they died.
1751. In December, his Majeſty iſſued out a re⯑ward for apprehending the Hon. Alexander Murray.
1753. The game-act paſſed, as did the naturaliza⯑tion-bill, and the marriage-act.

The parliament purchaſed Sir Hans Sloane's muſeum.

The affair of Eliſabeth Canning was on the carpet.
1755. July 15, account arrived of the French ſhips the Alcide and Lys being taken by Admiral Boſcawen.

Nov. 1, happened an earthquake that laid all Liſbon in ruins.
1756. The marine ſociety eſtabliſhed.

One hundred and twenty-three perſons pe⯑riſhed in the black hole at Calcutta.
1757. The militia-bill paſſed.
1758. Raine's charity, for portioning out two maid⯑ens annually of his hoſpital, took place.

Magdalen charity and the aſylum eſtabliſhed.

GEORGE III.'s REIGN.

1762. London was, at this time, amuſed with the Cock-lane ghoſt.

In May, three Indian chiefs arrived in Eng⯑land.
1768. Auguſt, Chriſtian VII. King of Denmark, viſited England.

Appendix D A GENERAL PLAN OF THE SAXON HEPTARCHY.

[63]

THE firſt was the kingdom of Kent, containing only that county, and had the following Kings.

		Reigned	Years.
Pagans.	1. Hengiſt	—	31
Pagans.	2. Eſca	—	24
Pagans.	3. Otta, or Octa	—	20
Pagans.	4. Immeric	—	29
Chriſtians.	5. Ethelbert	—	56
Chriſtians.	6. Eadbald	—	24
Chriſtians.	7. Ercombert	—	24
Chriſtians.	8. Edgbert	—	9
Chriſtians.	9. Lothair	—	12
Chriſtians.	10. Edric	—	7
Chriſtians.	11. Withred	—	33
Chriſtians.	12. Edbert	—	23
Chriſtians.	13. Edilbert	—	11
Chriſtians.	14. Alric	—	34
Chriſtians.	15. Edilbert	—	3
Chriſtians.	16. Cuthred	—	8
Chriſtians.	17. Baldred	—	18

This kingdom began, A. D. 457, ended, A. D. 823.

This ſecond was that of the South Saxons, contain⯑ing Suſſex and Surry.

		Reigned	Years.
Pagans.	1. Ella	—	32
Pagans.	2. Ciſſa	—	75
Pagans.	3. Ethelwolf	—	25
	4. Berthune
	5. Authune

It began in 491, and ended about 600.

[64]The third was that of the Weſt Saxons, containing Cornwall, Devonſhire, Dorſetſhire, Wiltſhire, Hamp⯑ſhire, and Berkſhire.

		Reigned	Years.
Pagans.	1. Cerdic	—	16
Pagans.	2. Cynric	—	26
Pagans.	3. Ceaulin	—	31
Pagans.	4. Cebric	—	6
Pagans.	5. Ceolwulf	—	14
Chriſtians.	6. Cinegils and Rinchelm		31
Chriſtians.	7. Kenewall and Sexburge		32
Chriſtians.	8. Eſciwin	—	2
Chriſtians.	9. Kentwin	—	9
Pagan.	10. Cedwalla	—	2
Chriſtians.	11. Ina	—	38
Chriſtians.	12. Ethelhard	—	14
Chriſtians.	13. Cuthred	—	14
Chriſtians.	14. Sigebert	—	1
Chriſtians.	15. Kinewulf	—	29
Chriſtians.	16. Brithric	—	16
Chriſtians.	17. Edgbert	—	37

It began, A. D. 519; ended, 1066.

The fourth was that of the Eaſt Saxons, containing Eſſex, Middleſex, and part of Hertfordſhire. The dates of the Kings reigns are not added, becauſe there is nothing certain of them.

Pagans.	1. Erkenwin.
Pagans.	2. Sleda.
Chriſtians.	3. Sebert.
Chriſtians.	4. Sexred, Seward, and Sigebert, brothers.
Chriſtians.	5. Sigebert, the Little.
Chriſtians.	6. Sigebert, the Good.
Chriſtians.	7. Swithelm.
Chriſtians.	8. Sigher and Seba.
Chriſtians.	9. Sigheard and Senfred.
Chriſtians.	10. Offa.
Chriſtians.	11. Selred.
Chriſtians.	12. Swithred.

It began, 527, and ended, 747.

[65]The fifth was that of Northumberland, containing Lancaſhire, Yorkſhire, the biſhoprick of Dreſm, Cumberland, Northumberland, and part of Scotland, as far as Edinburgh frith.

		Reigned	Years.
Pagans.	1. Ida	—	12
Pagans.	2. Ella	—	30
Pagans.	3. Edelric	—	4
Pagans.	4. Edelfrid	—	24
Chriſtians.	5. Edwin	—	17
Chriſtians.	6. Oſwald	—	9
Chriſtians.	7. Oſwy	—	28
Chriſtians.	8. Egfrid	—	15
Chriſtians.	9. Alfrid	—	19
Chriſtians.	10. Oſred	—	11
Chriſtians.	11. Kenred	—	2
Chriſtians.	12. Oſric	—	11
Chriſtians.	13. Ceolwulf	—	8
Chriſtians.	14. Egbert, alias Eaadbert		20
Chriſtians.	15. Oſulf	—	1
Chriſtians.	16. Ethelwald, alias Mollo		6
Chriſtians.	17. Alured	—	9
Chriſtians.	18. Ethelred, alias Ethelbert		4
Chriſtians.	19. Alfwold	—	11
Chriſtians.	20. Oſred, then Ethelbert again.

It began, 547; ended about 792. After Ethelred was ſlain, there was an interregnum of 33 years, dur⯑ing which time, the kingdom was in the poſſeſſion of Edgbert, King of the Weſt Saxons.

The ſixth was that of the Eaſt Angles, containing Norfolk, Suffolk, and Cambridgeſhire.

		Reigned	Years.
Pagans.	1. Uffa	—	7
Pagans.	2. Titiſt	—	10
Pagans.	3. Redwald	—	44
Pagans.	4. Eorpwald	—	12
Chriſtians.	5. Sigebert
Chriſtians.	6. Egric
Chriſtians.	7. Anna	—	13
Chriſtians.	8. Ethelbert
Chriſtians.	9. Ethelwald	—	9
Chriſtians.	10. Adulf	—	19
Chriſtians.	11. Elſwald	—	7
Chriſtians.	12. Beorna	—	24
Chriſtians.	13. Ethelred	—	52
Chriſtians.	14. Ethelbert	—	5

It began in 575; ended in 793. When Ethelbert was ſlain by Offa, it was united to Mercia; yet St. Ed⯑mund reigned afterwards, and was murdered by the Danes, in 870.

The ſeventh was that of Mercia, containing Glou⯑ceſterſhire, Herefordſhire, Worceſterſhire, Warwick⯑ſhire, Leiceſterſhire, Rutlandſhire, Northamptonſhire, Lincolnſhire, Huntingdonſhire, Bedfordſhire, Buck⯑inghamſhire, Oxfordſhire, Staffordſhire, Shropſhire, Nottinghamſhire, Cheſhire, and part of Hertfordſhire.

		Reigned	Years.
Pagans.	Cridda, Wibba, and Cheorl, Petty Kings.
Pagans.	1. Penda
Chriſtians.	2. Peada and Oſwy, Dukes		3
Chriſtians.	3. Wulſer	—	16
Chriſtians.	4. Ethelred, alias Aedired		30
Chriſtians.	5. Kenred	—	4
Chriſtians.	6. Ceolred	—	8
Chriſtians.	7. Ethelbald	—	41
Chriſtians.	8. Beornred	—	1
Chriſtians.	9. Offa	—	38
Chriſtians.	10. Egfer	—	1
Chriſtians.	11. Kenulf	—	2
Chriſtians.	12. Kenelm and Ceolulf		1
Chriſtians.	13. Beornulf	—	3
Chriſtians.	14. Ludecan	—	2
Chriſtians.	15. Withlaf	—	13
Chriſtians.	16. Bertulf	—	13
Chriſtians.	17. Burrhed	—	22
Chriſtians.	18. Ceolwulf.

It began, under Cridda, A. D. 582, under Penda, 625; and ended, 874.

[67]

The particular Years in which each King reigned, ſince the Heptarchy.
Began to reign.	Names.	Reigned Y. M.
800,	Egbert, of the Weſt Saxons,	38
838,	Ethelwulf,	19
857,	Ethelbald,	3
860,	Ethelbert,	6
866,	Ethelred,	6
872,	Alfred,	29
900,	Edward, the Elder,	25
925,	Athelſtan,	17
942,	Edmund I.	4
946,	Edred,	9
955,	Edwy,	4
959,	Edgar,	16
975,	Edward, the Martyr, Simeon, Uſurper,	4
1016,	Edmund II.		7
1017,	Canute, King of Denmark,	22
	Harold, Uſurper,	5
1039,	Hardicanute,	2
1041,	Edward III.	25
1065,	Harold, Uſurper,	1
1066,	William, the Conqueror,	21
1087,	William II.	13
1100,	Henry I.	35
1135,	Stephen,	19
1154,	Henry II.	35
1189,	Richard I.	10
1199,	John,	17
1216,	Henry III.	56
1272,	Edward I.	35
1307,	Edward II.	20
1327,	Edward III.	50
1377,	Richard II.	23
1399,	Henry IV.	13
1412,	Henry V.	10
1423,	Henry VI.	39
1461,	Edward IV.	22
1483,	Edward V.		5
1483,	Richard III.	2
1485,	Henry VII.	25
1508,	Henry VIII.	38
1547,	Edward VI.	6
1553,	Mary,	5
1558,	Elizabeth,	44
1602,	James I.	25
1625,	Charles I.	24
	Cromwel, Uſurper,
1649,	Charles II.	25
1684,	James II.	4
1688,	William and Mary,	14
1702,	Anne.	12
1714,	George I.	12
1727,	George II.	33	4
1760,	George III.

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Citation Suggestion for this Object: TextGrid Repository (2020). TEI. 4774 Chronology or a concise view of the annals of England Where every particular occurrence is accurately and alphabetically recorded with the date affixed By John Trusler Cler. University of Oxford Text Archive. . https://hdl.handle.net/21.T11991/0000-001A-5828-5