The Engliſh name has been given to this Moth by ſome collectors, on account of its being found a local ſpecies, and moſt frequent in Richmond park.

The Larva of this Inſect has a very ſingular appearance, to which the hook on the back greatly contributes when it is nearly full fed and going into the pupa ſtate. It feeds on the Jaſmine and Lilac, and does not thrive well on any other plants. It is in the Caterpillar ſtate in April, changes to chryſalis in May: the Fly comes forth in June.

Linnaeus ſeems to have found much difficulty in determining the genus of this inſect; once placing it amongſt the Attelabi of his ſyſtem, and thence removing it to the Meloe tribe. Geoffroy has an⯑other generical name, notoxus, and this Fabricius has adopted in his laſt work.

[6]This is certainly a moſt ſingular Inſect, and altogether unlike any other we know of in England. We cannot ſay whether it feeds on any particular food, or what are its peculiarities, for we have only ſeen one ſpecimen beſides that from which the annexed drawing is taken; and the only information we receive from the authors above quoted is, that it is a native of Europe; and is found on umbelli⯑ferous plants. It was taken in May.

Fig. 1. the natural ſize. Fig. 2. magnified.

The Caterpillar of this Moth is found in Auguſt, on the leaves of the Oak, Willow, Lime, &c. The Moth comes forth late in May, or early in June.

Papilio Arion is a very ſcarce Inſect in this country; and it does not appear to be much more common in any other part of Europe. The authors quoted above have given figures or deſcriptions of it, but are entirely ignorant of its larva, or pupa; and Fabricius, who has ſelected the obſervations of all the preceding authors who have de⯑ſcribed it, ſays only, Habitat in Europae Pratis.

[12]Mr. Lemon, a collector of eminence ſome years ſince, met with it in England. We have a ſpecimen which was taken by him, as appears from a note with it. Roeſel's figure is of a finer blue than any we have ſeen; but we have no doubt of its being a moſt bril⯑liant Inſect in a recent ſtate.

This is a local ſpecies: it is very abundant in ſome marſhy parts of Lancaſhire; but we have not learnt that it has been taken in any other part of the kingdom. Many of the curious in London are particularly indebted to Mr. Phillips, of Mancheſter, for enriching their cabinets with Papilio Hero; for, though it is a plain Inſect, it is eſteemed for its rarity, few Entomologiſts having travelled into that part of the country to collect Inſects.

The beautiful Caterpillar of this Moth is found on Sword Graſs in Auguſt. Though its trivial name implies that it is peculiar to [20] this plant, ſeveral others are mentioned by authors as proper food for it, amongſt theſe are the Bell flower ^*, Orach ^†, and common Pea. The Moth appears in May: frequents marſhy places.

This Inſect was formerly held in great eſteem amongſt the Engliſh collectors, on account of its rarity; and has been purchaſed for their cabinets at a conſiderable price ^*. The late Mr. Bentley, who [22] had been more than twenty years endeavouring to make his cabinet the moſt complete in England, never met with it.

About three years ſince, they were taken in great plenty near London, both at Batterſea and Highgate; and have been met with in other places ſince that time. Like the Ephemerae, and other gauſe-wing Inſects, it delights in moiſt places, particularly among the reeds. The larva is unknown, but we ſuppoſe that it lives in that ſtate in the water; and which moſt likely it does not leave till it becomes a winged creature. The larva of ſome ſpecies of this genus feed on the ſmaller kinds of Inſects.

The wings are the moſt pleaſing objects for the microſcope that can be imagined: the reticulations and feathered edges are ſo tranſ⯑parent, that they may be examined with the deepeſt magnifiers, which is an advantage few objects of ſuch a ſize poſſeſs. The magnified figure is given, with the natural ſize in the annexed plate.

Fabricius has erroneouſly quoted the ſeventh and eighth figure of the fifth plate of Schaeffer's Icones, which is certainly no other than the common kind, Hemorobius perla, and which is ſo often found in gardens with a fine golden eye. The figure quoted in Sulzer and Roeſel agree with our ſpecimen.

This Inſect has been confounded with Phalaena lubricipeda by Linnaeus; he makes it the variety β after De Geer. In this he has been followed by many other authors; and though Roeſel, by giving the larva and pupa of each, in two diſtinct plates, evidently thought them different ſpecies, his obſervations had no weight with other Naturaliſts; even Fabricius, in his Species Inſectorum, gives them [24] under one ſpecific name. In his laſt work, Entomologia Syſtematica, he has divided them, leaving the P. lubricipeda under its former name, and giving the ſpecific name Menthraſtri to the white ſort, as had been done in Wien. Verz. 54. 2. Fabricius mentions it as a native of Germany, but from the figure of Roeſel no doubt can be entertained of its being preciſely the ſame as our Engliſh ſpecies.

The Caterpillars of both ſorts are very general feeders; they will eat, oak, fruit trees, and wild plants of almoſt every kind. They are common in the ſummer, change to chryſalis about Auguſt, and appear in the winged ſtate in May and June; but, there is more than one brood of them in the courſe of the year, ſo that the time of their appearance is uncertain. The Caterpillars change their ſkins often; and change their colours at the ſame time. Thoſe of Phalaena Menthraſtri when ſmall are a very light tranſparent brown: then brown with dark ſtripes. It is not black till it is in the laſt ſkin; and then, in many, the colour inclines to brown.

The Sphinx Celerio ſtands pre-eminent in the liſt of the Inſects of this country, whether we conſider its rarity, or uncommon beauty. Indeed, amongſt the Inſects of this tribe that are brought from remote countries, even from Aſia, which boaſts the moſt ſplendid ſpecies, the varieties of Sphinx Celerio are often the moſt beautiful; it muſt however be owned, that, in countries where the [26] climate, and luxuriance of the ſoil contribute to enrich the juices of the plants on which the Inſects are nouriſhed, they are larger and their colours more vivid than any of the ſame kind produced in the northern countries of Europe.

Several years ſince, Mr. Francillon, of Norfolk-ſtreet in the Strand, had a living ſpecimen of this Inſect brought to him: it was taken in Bunhill-fields burying-ground. It is ſtill preſerved in his cabinet.

We have heard of other ſpecimens being taken in this country; but the only inſtance we can quote with confidence is, that Mr. Latham, formerly of Dartford, and well known for his ſcientific reſearches in natural hiſtory, has a ſpecimen which was taken at Eltham, in Kent. Few collections of conſequence are without this Inſect, but they are in general natives of Germany.

Roeſel has given a figure of this Sphinx, with its larva and pupa; and, as we could never reaſonably expect to meet with it in theſe ſtates in England, correct copies of his figures are given in Plate 191. The works of Roeſel are not in the hands of many; and, we are convinced that Plate will be acceptable to moſt of our readers.

Sphinx Celerio is found on the vine.

The ſingular pyramidal protuberance on the poſterior part of the Caterpillar has furniſhed an excellent ſpecific name for the perfect Inſect. It is found on the Oak, Sallow, and Blackthorn in May; [32] changes to the pupa ſtate the firſt week in June; the Moth comes forth in July. The Caterpillar ſpins a fine white ſilken web between two or three leaves in the manner repreſented in the plate at Fig. 1. Fig. 2. the chryſalis, which the web envelopes. Phalaena pyramidea is not a common ſpecies in this country.

This beautiful Inſect is rarely taken in England: we ſometimes receive it from Germany, where it is more common; a variety of it is alſo a native of North America.

[34]The natural ſize is ſhewn at Fig. 1. In ſome ſpecimens blue is the predominant colour, in others a fine bronze or golden hue; the ſexes are diſtinguiſhed by the colours in many inſtances.

This is clearly an undeſcribed Inſect. It bears the ſtrongeſt affinity to the Sphinx Tipuliformis of Linnaeus; but as the zone or belt of red colour is an unerring diſtinction of our Inſect, it cannot belong to that ſpecies. Fabricius having ſeparated the Linnaean ſphinges into three new genera, Sphinx, Seſia, and Zygaena, this Inſect muſt be included under the genus Seſia of his ſyſtem; two of the ſpecies he has deſcribed under that head, S. culiciformis and t [...]nthrediniformis bear ſome reſemblance to our Sphinx Zonata, but are certainly diſtinct ſpecies.

Sphinx Zonata is rare in England; the natural ſize is ſhewn at Fig. 1. of the annexed plate. The fine purple appearance of the body diſappears in ſpecimens that have been kept long in a cabinet.

The Sirex genus, as it ſtands in the Entomologia Syſtematica of Fabribius, includes only twenty-ſix ſpecies; theſe are chiefly Euro⯑pean Inſects; but very few are natives of this country. The Sirex Gigas is found in the north of Europe; it has been taken in England, but very rarely: Yeats and Berkenhout mention it as a Britiſh ſpecies, and we have been informed that it is ſometimes taken in Scotland. It is likely to be met with in Pine foreſts, as the female ſeems to prefer that wood to depoſit her eggs in. As no Engliſh Entomologiſt has attempted to deſcribe the peculiar habits of this tribe of Inſects, and eſpecially of Sirex Gigas, the following particulars may be ſatisfactory to our readers.

The extenſive foreſts of Germany furniſhed the accurate Roeſel with many opportunities of finding and obſerving the metamorphoſis of Inſects that are rarely to be found in other parts of Europe; and this enabled him to favour the world with a particular deſcription and ſeries of figures of all the changes of Sirex Gigas, in the Bom⯑byliorum et Veſparum of his Inſecten Beluſtigung. His figure of the female Inſect agrees with that we have given; the male is conſi⯑derably ſmaller, and has no ſting ^*. The ſting of the female conſiſts of three parts, a ſheath which divides into two parts or valves, and a fine inſtrument ſomewhat reſembling a needle; it is with this in⯑ſtrument it wounds its enemies, and the ſting is ſaid to cauſe an excruciating pain. The microſcope diſcovers this part to be beſet with a number of very minute teeth, like the edge of a ſaw: with this ſting the creature can pierce the wood of ſound trees; for we ſuſpect, it does not always depoſit its eggs in ſuch as are decayed, but rather in ſuch as will ſupply the larva with nouriſhment when it is hatched. The eggs are laid in cluſters of two or three hundred together; they are of a pale yellow colour, about the thirtieth part of an inch in length, and ſhaped like a weaver's ſhuttle. The larva lives in the body of the tree, enlarging its habitation as it increaſes in ſize, for it never leaves the tree till it becomes a winged creature. [41] The larva when full grown is about an inch and a quarter in length, and as thick as a gooſe quill. It is a heavy ſluggiſh creature, almoſt cylindrical, the head very ſmall, and the whole of an uniform pellucid yellowiſh colour. It has a ſmall ſpine at the end of the body like thoſe by which the larva of ſome ſpinges are diſtinguiſhed: this ſpine is alſo a ſtriking character in the perfect Sirex. In the pupa the form of the winged creature is more viſible than in the larva ſtate; it is of a browner colour than the larva, and the rudiment of the ſting and legs are very viſible.

In the early editions of the Syſtema Naturae of Linnaeus, the ſirices are arranged with the ichneumons in one genus; but later obſervations induced Linnaeus to make two genera of them in his laſt works. Geoffroy and Schaeffer have added ſome particulars to the Linnaean generic character; theſe principally relate to the num⯑ber of joints in the tarſi.

This ſingular creature not only changes its ſkin ſeveral times; but, as it advances in age the ſegments of which the body is compoſed increaſe in number: the Inſect when full grown has nine ſuch ſeg⯑ments. Linnaeus mentions it as a native of America: in many [44] parts of Europe it is not uncommon: in England it is found under looſe ſtones in damp places, and runs ſwiftly.

Fabricius has made a falſe quotation under this ſpecies to the Fundamenta Entomologica of Schaeffer; as errors will occur in the moſt accurrate works, we ſhould not deem it neceſſary to notice this circumſtance, if he had not continued the ſame miſtake from his Species Inſectorum publiſhed in 1781 to his laſt work Ento⯑mologia Syſtematica, emenda et aucta, &c. publiſhed in 1793.— his reference is Schaeff. Elem. tab. 3. fig. 1.—On examining that part of Schaeffer's works, we find the figure he quotes is a ſpider! Scolopendra forficata is given in the 46th plate of Vol. I. of that author's Icones Inſectorum circa Raſtiſbonam indigenorum, &c. as quoted amongſt the ſynonyms above.

The Scolopendra forficata is, we believe, the largeſt of the genus found in this country. In many parts of the world, ſome kinds are found of a frightful ſize and aſpect; the Scolopendra Morſitans of the Eaſt-Indies, is about five inches in length, and as thick as a gooſe quill. Sir G. Staunton, in his Hiſtorical Account of the Embaſſy to China, mentions the Scolopendras and ſcorpions of that country: we have one ſpecies of the former from China that ex⯑ceeds in magnitude every one of the genus we have ſeen from other parts of the world, and is perhaps the largeſt known; it is near one foot in length, and is about one inch and an half round the girth of the body; the colour is of a fine ſhining cheſtnut brown, the legs inclining to yellow. The moſt ſingular Inſect of this kind in England is the Scolopendra electrica, which ſometimes omits a ſpark or flaſh of light in the dark.

Fig. I. repreſents the underſide of the head and antennae, mag⯑nified

In colours and markings the Comma Butterfly ſeems at firſt ſight allied to Papilio Urticae (Tortoiſeſhell Butterfly), but the elegant ſcal⯑lops of the margins of the wings ſufficiently diſtinguiſhes it [46] from every other Britiſh ſpecies: indeed wings indentated in this remarkable manner are rarely ſeen in any Inſects, thoſe from foreign countries not excepted. Papilio Gaureum, a native of Aſia according to Fabricius, and figured amongſt the Inſects found in North Ame⯑rica, by Abbot, approaches nearer to it than any diſtinct ſpecies we are acquainted with. The larva is known by a broad white ſpace on the back that extends from the poſterior extremity to the eighth joint of the body: it has one peculiarity that muſt not be omit⯑ted; when it is ſuſpended by the tail from a ſmall twig or leaf, the head is bent upwards, and the whole creature perfectly reſembles hook.

There is more than one brood of this ſpecies in a year: the But⯑terflies are generally found in June, the ſecond brood late in Auguſt. The Caterpillars are ſometimes found in February, but oftener in July; they remain about a fortnight in chryſalis.

In a former deſcription we have noticed the locality of one ſpecies of the Butterfly tribe (Pap. Hero) in this country; of the Pap. Daplidice we have alſo to obſerve, that it is only found in the envi⯑rons of Bath. We have been informed that it is found in ſome [48] part of Scotland, but our information does not fully authorize us to give it as a native of that part of the Britiſh empire. If it is any where common, it is in Germany and in Hungary. It is found in Africa, and we have alſo a variety of it from North Ame⯑rica. Fabricius does not mention it as a native of England; and it is ſo ſcarce with us that few Engliſh cabinets have a ſpecimen of it. The trivial appellation Bath-White Butterfly has been given to it by ſome Engliſh Entomologiſts. The ſmall number of foreign authors who have figured this ſpecies ſufficiently notes its ſcarcity in Europe, and we are not acquainted with the works of any Engliſh author that has a figure of it.

The Panorpa communis is very common in fields in the ſummer. Its metamorphoſis is entirely unknown.

The tail of the male is armed with a weapon, ſomewhat reſem⯑bling the ſting of a ſcorpion. The tail of the female has an appen⯑dage, but very different in its ſtructure. Thoſe parts of both ſexes are repreſented in our plate, of the natural ſize, and magnified.

Simple as this little creature may appear to the general reader, the Entomologiſts of this country eſteem it a rarity; for it was not imagined that England produced any ſpecies of its ſingular genus till lately.

[56]Mr. Yeats, in his Inſtitutions of Entomology, mentions two ſpe⯑cies of it that have been caught in this country; one by Mr. Hudſon, author of the Flora Anglica, the other by Mr. Grey. It is to be lamented, that he does not inform us preciſely what were the ſpecies. We learn that Fulgora Europaea was the Inſect taken by Mr. Hudſon; the other ſeems undetermined.

The Fulgora Europaea very much reſembles ſome of the Cicadae in form and ſize, and have, therefore, been probably overlooked by Engliſh collectors of Inſects. Fabricius deſcribes it as a native of France and Germany; but it is very ſcarce in cabinets of foreign Inſects alſo. Perhaps it is not common in any country.

This ſpecies does not exhibit any prominent features of its ſin⯑gular genus; it has only a ſmall conic hollow projection, or lantern, on the fore-part of the head, inſtead of the large projection that charac⯑teriſe moſt of the exotic Fulgorae. It is not unlikely, however, that it may poſſeſs, though in a ſmall degree, the aſtoniſhing property of diffuſing a radiance of light, which particularly diſtinguiſh F. Lan⯑ternarid of South America, F. Candelaria of China, and ſeveral other ſpecies. The light of ſome of theſe Inſects, according to the reports of Naturaliſts, and travellers in foreign countries, is ſuffi⯑ciently vivid and conſtant to anſwer many purpoſes. Some of the Catholic miſſionaries aſſert, that they could ſee diſtinctly to read and write by the light of one of them; and that ſeveral of them being faſtened together, ſerve to light the Indians when they travel in the night.

The roſtrum, or beak, through which the Fulgorae Europaea (like others of the ſame genus) ſucks its nutriment, ſeems to form a part of the hollow projection in the front of the head; the tube lays cloſe to the belly, between the ſix legs. To explain the ſingular ſtructure of this tube or roſtrum, we have given a front and a profile view of it as it appeared under the lens of a microſcope.

[57]Our ſpecimen is altogether green, except the wings; the recticu⯑lations of which are alſo of the ſame colour; and as in Sulzer's figure, the clear parts of the wings were ſtrongly tinged with green alſo.

We have not a more beautiful Inſect in this country than the Peacock Butterfly. It is, indeed, too common to claim the parti⯑cular notice of Entomologiſts; but to thoſe who admire moſt the ſplendid ſpecies of this beautiful tribe of creatures, it will probably prove acceptable. The underſide is entirely of a ſhining dark co⯑lour, with innumerable waved ſtreaks of black. The upperſide is repreſented in the annexed plate.

The Caterpillars, which are black, beſet with ſpines, and ele⯑gantly marked with rows of white ſpots, are frequently found feed⯑ing on the nettles, and other low herbage by the ſides of ditches. They change to the chryſalis ſtate the firſt week in July, and appear in the winged ſtate twenty-one days after.

This ſingular creature is found of a vaſt magnitude in foreign countries. We poſſeſs one of that kind between four and five inches in length. In Europe, or at leaſt in England, they are ſeldom con⯑ſiderably larger than the annexed figure.

It has two pair of feet to every ſegment of the body. Theſe are very minute, but give a remarkable appearance to the Inſect. It is found in damp places, generally under ſtones.

This rare Inſect is diſtinguiſhed from two very common ſpecies that are allied to it, by the broad border of black on the under wings, as its trivial name implies. In the larva ſtate, it is one of that kind collectors denominate under-ground feeders: ſubſiſting chiefly on the roots of graſs, and never coming out of the ground till the evening, for which reaſon it is very rarely taken.

[70]The Moth is very delicate in its appearance; the Caterpillar quite plain. Our ſpecimen changed to cryſalis early in May, and produced the moth in the middle of June.

Fabricius was not informed that it was a native of this country, as appears by his laſt work, in which he deſcribes it only as a native of Germany.

We muſt conſider this as a new Britiſh ſpecies of Cerambyx, neither Linnaeus nor Fabricius having given any deſcription of it. It is deſcribed only in the manuſcripts of T. Marſham, Eſq. whoſe accurate definition of its characters we have adopted.

It appears to be a local ſpecies. The only two ſpecimens that have occurred to our notice, having been taken in the Iſle of Ely, Cambridgeſhire. Our ſpecimen was found on the bark of the willow.

The Caterpillars of the little Egger Moth, feed on black and white thorn, willow, lime-tree, &c. The female depoſits a large cluſter of eggs in a tuft of hair collected from her body. When [74] are hatched, the young begin to ſpin a ſtrong white web, which they enlarge as their ſociety increaſes; they remain together till they have devoured all the leaves of the plant on which they are hatched, or till they are arrived at full ſize to change into the chryſalis ſtate.

Theſe Caterpillars are not very uncommon in ſome parts of the country, eſpecially in Kent. They are ready to change to chryſalis ſtate late in June. The Moth is not produced till April following.

The trivial Engliſh name, Egger Moth, is given to this, and two or three other Moths, from the ſimilitude of the caſe in which the chryſalis is incloſed to the ſhape of egg.

Papilio Machaon and Papilio Podalirius are the only two ſpecies of Swallow-tail Butterflies that have been found in England. Both are very ſcarce, but Papilio Machaon leſs ſo than Papilio Poda⯑lirius, of which a figure has been given in another part of this work.

Entomologiſts mention ſeveral parts of the country in which it has been taken, both in the larva and winged ſtate. Harris ſays it feeds on wild fennel and carrots; that one he found remained in the chry⯑ſalis ſtate from the 23d of September to May the 15th following, and another, that changed July the 15th, produced a butterfly the 10th of Auguſt. He adds, that the ſpecies was found in the mea⯑dows of Briſtol and Weſtram.

From the number of foreign authors who have given figures of the Butterfly, we may imagine that it is very common on the Con⯑tinent. Thoſe preſerved in cabinets of Engliſh Inſects are gene⯑rally brought from Germany, from whence alſo we ſometimes receive preſerved ſpecimens of the Caterpillars.

The Mutillae ſeems leſs clearly defined than moſt of the Linnaean genera. That author deſcribed only a ſmall number of the ſpecies, and was even doubtful whether ſeveral that were placed under that diviſion of his ſyſtem did not more properly belong to ſome other, eſpecially to the ichneumons, among which ſeveral apterous inſects are included.

[78]The cauſe of this uncertainty may be partly attributed to our entire ignorance of their manner of life or transformations. Some of the Mutillae have wings, and others are without. Authors have con⯑ſidered the apterous Inſects as the females, and the winged kind as the males, which opinion is countenanced by numberleſs inſtances in almoſt every claſs of Inſects. Others have however maintained that both males and females were winged, and that the apterous In⯑ſects were neuters, preſuming in ſupport of ſuch opinion, that the Mutillae lived in ſocieties like the Waſps, Ants, and Bees.—From obſervations on a number of exotic ſpecies of this tribe, we have no doubt that the winged Inſects are males, and the apterous kind females.

Yeats alludes to three ſpecies of Mutillae that have been found in England, but names only the Mutillae Europaea; and this is the only kind we have ever found. We have taken it on a ſandy path⯑way, near the entrance of Coombe Wood, Surry.

When the late Ducheſs of Portland honoured the ſcientific as well as practical part of Entomology with her patronage, her Grace diſcovered, and reared from the caterpillars ſeveral ſpecies of Phalaena, of which collectors were ignorant before. Phalaena Praecox is among the number of thoſe her Grace found in one of the Portland iſles; and the ſpecimen we have figured is one which formed part of her collection.

[80]Fabricius ſays the larva feeds on the thiſtle. The rarity of this creature induced us to depart from our uſual method, and copy the larva and pupa from the plate in the works of Roeſel, apprehending it would be particularly intereſting to Engliſh naturaliſts in general, as that author alone has repreſented it in thoſe ſtates; and no col⯑lector that we are informed has met with it within the laſt fifteen years.

As the Phalaenae are not remarkable for a variety of gay colours, like thoſe of the Papilio genus, an exception to a general rule in the beautiful ſpecies before us, more ſtrongly demands our notice. The male Phalaena Ruſſula, which is known by the pectinated an⯑tennae, is of a fine golden yellow, with a rich, though narrow mar⯑ginal band of ſanguineous red round the wings. The female is a pretty Inſect, but is more inclined to brown throughout than the male.

[82]This ſpecies has been ſuppoſed to feed on graſs in the larva ſtate, but as collectors have very rarely reared it from that ſtate, it has been difficult to determine its proper food. Fabricius mentions lettuce and ſcabious or devil's-bit. The larva is hairy, and in many reſpects very much reſembles that of the Garden Tiger Moth, from which we may perhaps infer that it is a general feeder.

We found the larva in May; ſhortly after it ſpun a web and paſſed into the pupa ſtate, from which the moth was produced the 11th of June following.

The ſynonyms ſufficiently denote the unſettled opinion of eminent naturaliſts in reſpect of the proper genus to which our Inſect ſhould be referred. We have followed the definition of Linnaeus, becauſe [84] it appears to us more characteriſtic of the creature, which ſhould have a lengthened articulated tail, terminated in a ſharp crooked ſting, to warrant us in placing it among the Scorpions. In the ſyſtem of Fabricius this forms no part of his generical character, but thoſe who are accuſtomed to depend only on the writings of Linnaeus, would be perplexed to reconcile the apparent difference between the Phalangia of that author, and the Scorpio of Fabricius.

The general appearance of this creature, except the want of tail, is preciſely that of a Scorpion in miniature.

Mr. Adams, in his Eſſay on the Microſcope, has figured and de⯑ſcribed a new ſpecies of this genus; it is ſmaller, and differs in form from our preſent ſpecies: he calls it the Lobſter Inſect. We believe Phalangium Cancroides is the largeſt Inſect of the genus found in England that reſembles a Scorpion.

This Inſect is ſometimes found in the covers of old books, in rotten wood, and other damp and decayed ſubſtances. We once found it faſtened on the body of the Muſca Vomitoria, Common Fleſh Fly, from which it could not be extricated without killing and tear⯑ing the fly into pieces.

Roeſel has given a figure of it, and repreſented a parcel of its eggs. They are of an oblong form, colour greeniſh, and appear to be depoſited in roundiſh cluſters of about thirty or forty eggs in each.

The natural ſize of our Inſect is repreſented at Fig 1.

The Caterpillar of this Inſect is generally found under the bark of the willow and ſallow, or on the roſe. It is probable there are two broods of it in the year, being ſometimes taken in the winged ſtate early in the ſummer, but more commonly in the month of October; this is the more likely, as the Engliſh Aurelians firſt called it the Herald, from an idea that its appearance warned them of ap⯑proaching winter.

This Inſect remains about twenty-eight days in the pupa ſtate, the Caterpillar not being found till the beginning of September.