Platform of the Royal Exchange, WITH THE WALKS in which the MERCHANTS, &c. in each TRADE, are to be met with in 'CHANGE HOURS.

[]

SWEETINGS ALLEY.

Eaſt

Skinners. Dutch. Italian. French.

CORNHILL.

SOUTH

Portugal. Opor [...]o. Barbadoes. Jamaica.

CASTLE ALLEY.

Weſt

Clo [...]iers. Grocers. Druggiſts.

THREADNEEDLE STREET.

NORTH

Silkmen. Silk Throwers. Ha [...]burg [...]. Salters.

[]

MULTIPLICATION TABLE.
123456789101112
24681012141618202224
369121518212427303336
4812162024283236404448
51015202530354045505560
61218243036424854606672
71421283542495663707784
81624324048566472808896
918273645546372819099108
102030405060708090100110120
112233445566778899110121132
1224364860728496108120132144
PENCE AND SHILLING TABLE.
d. s.d.d. s.s. l.s.
20are1812are120are10
302624230110
40343634020
504248450210
60506056030
7051072670310
80688478040
907696890410
10084108910050
1109212010110510
1201001321112060
    14412    
[]

THE London Adviſer and Guide: CONTAINING Every INSTRUCTION and INFORMATION uſeful and neceſſary to Perſons LIVING IN LONDON, AND COMING TO RESIDE THERE; In order to enable them to enjoy Security and Tranquillity, and conduct their Domeſtic Affairs with Prudence and Economy.

TOGETHER WITH AN ABSTRACT Of all thoſe LAWS which regard their Protection againſt the Frauds, Impoſitions, Inſults and Accidents to which they are there liable.

BY THE REV. DR. TRUSLER.

Uſeful alſo to Foreigners.

Note, This Work treats fully of every Thing on the above Subjects that can be thought of.

LONDON: Printed for the Author, NO. 14, RED LION-STREET, CLERKENWELL; AND SOLD BY ALL BOOKSELLERS.

M,D,LXXXVI.

ADVERTISEMENT.

[]

AMONG all the uſeful and inſtructive Books written for the multitude, there has been none calculated to give that neceſſary information to Strangers coming to reſide in London, which they are always in want of, nor any pointing out thoſe eaſy and ſalutary remedies which the inhabitants of the metropolis may have recourſe to, to protect them from the arts and villainies of thoſe who prey upon the ignorant and incautious. Impreſſed with the idea of the utility of ſuch a work, the author of the ſubſequent pages has given them to the world, and flatters himſelf he has omitted nothing neceſſary to be known, to ſecure the individual in tranquillity and the peaceable enjoyment of his home, and put him in a method of conducting his domeſtic concerns with wiſdom and oeconomy.

If the reader is deſirous of hauing a Compendium of all the laws that reſpect, him as a domeſtic man, a gentleman, and a member of ſociety, and lead him to avoid the penalties he is liable to, I will refer him to a work lately publiſhed, called THE COUNTRY LAWYER, where he will find every ſubject in which he has any intereſt fully treated of, and on the beſt authorities: the particulars of this work he will find in an advertiſement at the end.

INDEX.

[v]
  • AGREEMENTS. See Stamps, 7. Page
  • ALEHOUSES. See Nuſances, 42.
  • AMUSEMENTS, and places worth notice, Page 159
    • 1. In town,
    • 2. In winter, Page 161
    • 3. In ſummer, Page 164
    • 4. Occaſional ones, Page 165
    • 5. Out of town, Page 166
  • APPRENTICE FEES. See Stamps, 3.
  • ASSAULTS. See Nuſances 8—12. Servants, 9.
  • ASSURANCE OFFICES for Lives, Page 64
    • 1. The Laudable Society.
    • 2. The Royal Exchange, Page 65
    • 3. The Amicable Society, Page 69
    • 4. The office at Blackfryars, Page 71
  • AUCTIONEERS, Liſt of the chief ones. See Houſes, 19.
  • AUCTIONS. See Houſes, 19. Cautions, 22.
  • BACON. See Butter, 6.
  • BAKERS, BREAD, and MILK, Page 26
    • 1. Weight of Bread.
    • 2. Bread to be marked.
    • 3. Selling above the regulated price.
    • 4. Price of bread.
    • 5. Cautions againſt baker's men and milk-ſellers, 27
    • 6. Reſpecting milk.
  • BALLAD-SINGERS. See Nuſances, 31.
  • BANKERS, a liſt of, Page 182
  • BARROW-WOMEN. See Butter, 10. Nuſances, 23.
  • BATHS. See Conveniencies, 15.
  • BAWDY-HOUSES. See Nuſances, 13, 14.
  • BEADLES. See Veſtries, 10.
  • BEER. See Brewers.
  • BEGGARS. See Nuſances, 15, 16.
  • BILLIARD-TABLES. See Conveniences, 10.
  • BILLS of EXCHANGE. See Stamps, 5.
  • [vi]BONDS. See Stamps, 7.
  • BREAD. See Bakers.
  • BREWERS, and Beer, Page 36
    • 1. Prices of ſmall-beer.
    • 2. Cautions reſpecting it.
    • 3. Chriſtmas-boxes.
  • BUTCHERS and MEAT Page 28
    • 1. Cautions reſpecting them.
    • 2. Qualities of good beef.
    • 3. Average prices of beef.
    • 4. Qualities of good mutton, and prices, Page 29
    • 5. Ditto of veal.
    • 6. Ditto of lamb.
    • 7. Tainted meat, Page 30
    • 8. The beſt markets.
  • BUTTER and CHEESE, Page 33
    • 1. Average price of freſh butter.
    • 2. Ditto of ſalt.
    • 3. Penalty of ſelling bad butter, Page 34
    • 4. Weight of a firkin.
    • 5. On Cheeſe.
    • 6. On Bacon.
    • 7. Hams and Tongues.
    • 8. Weights and meaſures to be ſtamped, Page 35
    • 9. Falſe weights, &c. the penalty of.
    • 10. Buying of barrow-women.
  • BUTTONS, penalty of wearing cloth ones. See Taylors, 2. Page 13
  • CANDLES, Page 41
    • 1. Price of tallow-candles.
    • 2. Beſt ſtate of ditto.
    • 3. Price of wax-candles, and cautions reſpecting them.
    • 4. Price of lamp-oils, and the time they burn.
  • CARMEN and CARTS, Page 98
    • 1, 2. Places of ſtanding.
    • 3, 9, 20, 24, &c. Miſbehaviour puniſhed, Page 99, 110, 113, 114.
    • Rates for cartage, Page 99
    • 4. Diſputes, how ſettled, Page 109
    • 5, 6, 7. Carts to be employed.
    • 8. Time of going to work, Page 110
    • [vii]9. Taking more than their fare.
    • 10. Driver to aſſiſt in loading, &c. Page 111
    • 11. Owner's name on carts.
    • 12. Not to obſtruct paſſages.
    • 13. Age of drivers, Page 112
    • 14. Size of Carts.
    • 15. Leaving carts in ſtreets at night.
    • 16. Feeding their horſes.
    • 17. Trotting them, Page 113
    • 18. Leading them.
    • 19. Empty carts to give way.
    • 21. Refuſing to pay the fares.
    • 22. Detaining carts.
    • 23. How far a cart is obliged to work.
  • CARRIAGES. See Horſes; Conveniencies, 1.
  • CARTS. See Carmen.
  • CAUTIONS againſt Frauds, &c. Page 146
    • 1. Don't take too much caſh, when you travel.
    • 2. Faſten trunks, &c. behind carriages with chains.
    • 3. Have a witneſs of the contents of packages ſent by waggons, &c.
    • 4. Deliver parcels to book-keepers only, and ſee them booked.
    • 5. Suffer no ſtranger to carry any thing for you, nor be ſeduced into a public-houſe.
    • 6. Make perſons carrying things for you walk before you, Page 147
    • 7. Never ſtop in a croud.
    • 8. Enter the number, &c. of bank-bills, &c. in a book.
    • 9. Ditto, the deſcription of your watch, &c.
    • 10. Never give your watch, &c. into the hands of a ſtranger.
    • 11. Avoid crouds, and looking at picture-ſhops.
    • 12. If you drop any thing of value in the ſtreet, don't ſay what it is.
    • 13. Never let your ſervants deliver things from your houſe to ſtrangers, without orders, Page 148
    • 14. Nor take in a parcel that is to be paid for.
    • 15. Take the number of a hackney-coach on entering it, and examine it, when quitting it.
    • [viii]16. Guard againſt thoſe who bring letters at night.
    • 17. Keep your front parlour windows ſhut at duſk.
    • 18. Be cautious, when the next houſe to you is empty, not to leave back-doors or garret-windows open.
    • 19. Take care of your watch and pockets in crouds, Page 149
    • 20. Suffer no beggars at your door.
    • 21. Don't be impoſed on by fictitious diſtreſſes.
    • 22. Beware of petty auctions in thoroughfares.
    • 23. Never buy things at a pawn-brokers.
    • 24. Lay out your money with reputable people, Page 150
    • 25. Be not taken in by money-lenders, borrowers, or cuſtomers.
    • 26. Have nothing to do with bills of exchange drawn by ſtrangers.
    • 27. Let no ſtranger leave a parcel in your ſhop.
    • 28. Never interfere with people quarelling in the ſtreets.
    • 29. Any one may arreſt a felon. Page 151
    • 30. Penalties on gambling.
    • 31. Shop-keepers ſhould be on their guard againſt thoſe who tumble over their goods and don't buy.
    • 32. Buyers ſhould take care ſhop-keepers do not impoſe on them.
    • 33. Diſtruſt ſhop-keepers who profeſs to ſell cheap.
    • 34. Beware of porters at inns.
    • 35. Take care of your hat, &c. in promiſcuous companies, Page 152
  • CELLAR-BOOK, copy of, for wine, &c. Page 178
  • CHAIRS, Hackney. See Hackney Coaches, 13—19. Conveniencies, 2.
  • CHARCOAL. See Coals, 13.
  • CHEESE. See Butter, 5.
  • CHILDREN deſerted. See Nuſances, 29.
  • CHINTZES, penalty for wearing. See Taylors, 3.
  • CHRISTMAS-BOXES. See Brewers, 3.
  • CHURCH. See Public Worſhip.
  • [ix]COALS, and Fuel, Page 38
    • 1. Price of Coals.
    • 2. Coal-meter's offices, Page 39
    • 3. Coals ſhall be meaſured, and may be remeaſured.
    • 4. Carmen to wait re-meaſuring.
    • 5. Beſt way to act in this caſe, Page 40
    • 6. Penalty on falſe tickets.
    • 7. Taking coals from a cart after meaſurement.
    • 8. Magiſtrate to be applied to.
    • 9. Pool meaſure.
    • 10. Wharfinger bribing meaſurer.
    • 11. Size of Sacks.
    • 12. Scotch coals.
    • 13. Charcoal.
    • 14. Billet-wood.
    • 15. Faggots, Page 41
  • CONSTABLES. See Pariſh officers, 5—9. Nuſances, 18, 93.
  • CONVENIENCES in London, Page 120
    • 1. Job-carriages.
    • 2. Chairs, Page 121
    • 3. Good wine.
    • 4. Libraries, and their terms.
    • 5. Muſeum library.
    • 6. Sion College ditto, Page 122
    • 7. London ditto.
    • 8. French bookſellers.
    • 9. Law ditto, Page 123
    • 10. Card-parties and Billiard-tables.
    • 11. Diſcuſſion at Arts and Sciences.
    • 12. Parliament-houſe debates.
    • 13. Debating ſocieties.
    • 14. Public concerts.
    • 15. Hot and cold baths and bathing-baſons, Page 124
  • COURTS of CONSCIENCE, Page 153
    • 1, 13. Vine-ſtreet Court.
    • 2. Caſtle-ſtreet Court.
    • 3, 14. County Court, Page 154
    • 4, 9. City court.
    • 5. 10, 12. Borough ditto.
    • 6. Wellcloſe-ſquare ditto.
    • [x]7. Qualification of commiſſioners.
    • 8. Impriſonment.
    • 11. Proceſs in theſe courts, Page 155
    • 15. Determinations final.
    • 16. Obſervations on theſe courts.
    • 17. Sum recoverable, Page 156
    • 18. How to ſue in theſe courts.
  • DOGS. See Nuſances, 25, 27, 28.
  • DROVERS. See Nuſances, 46.
  • DRUNKENNESS. See Nuſances, 42, 45.
  • DUSTMEN. See Nuſances, 10.
  • EGGS. See Poultry, 2.
  • EXPENCES of a FAMILY, ESTIMATE of, 1, 8, 9, 10, Page 167, 173—176
    • 2. Ditto of keeping a horſe in our own ſtable, Page 169
    • 3. Ditto, with a one-horſe chair, Page 170
    • 4. Ditto, at livery.
    • 5. Ditto of a four-wheeled carriage and horſes, Page 171
    • 6. Ditto at livery.
    • 7. Ditto of a job-carriage and horſes, Page 172
  • FIRE INSURANCE OFFICES. See Houſes, 20, &c.
  • FIRE-WORKS, SQUIBS, &c. See Nuſances, 41.
  • FISH, Page 31
    • 1. Cautions againſt impoſitions in price.
    • 2. Billingſgate market.
    • 3. Qualities of prime fiſh, and their prices, Page 32
    • When in ſeaſon, Page 180
  • FRAUDS, an Aſſociation to puniſh, Page 152
  • GAMING in alehouſes, Page 137
  • GAMING-HOUSES. See Nuſances, 13, 14. Cautions, 30.
  • GLOVES. See Stamps, 1.
  • HACKNEY COACHES and Chairs, Page 89
    • 1. To ſtand at certain diſtances.
    • 2. Number of coaches on each ſtand.
    • Certain coach-fares, Page 90
    • 3. Coachmen can charge only the neareſt way, Page 95
    • 4. May be paid for ground or time.
    • 5. Obliged to go.
    • 6. Carrying more than four perſons.
    • 7. Inſolence of Coachmen.
    • 8. Muſt have a check-ſtring.
    • [xi]9. Muſt trot their horſes.
    • 10. Taking more than their fare.
    • 11. Coach breaking down.
    • 12. Cautions in paying them.
    • 13. Hackney-chair fares. See Poſt-horſes, 13. Page 96
    • 14. May be paid for ground or time.
    • 15. Obliged to carry you.
    • 16. Taking more than their fares.
    • 18. Cautions in paying them.
    • 19. Meaſuring of ground.
    • See Nuſances, 2, 3.
  • HAIR-DRESSERS, their prices, Page 41
  • HAMS. See Butter, 7.
  • HATS. See Stamps, 2.
  • HAY-MARKETS, Page 173
  • Price of hay.
  • HOLIDAYS at the public offices, Page 185
  • HORSES and CARRIAGES, Page 88
    • 1. Duty on horſes.
    • 2. Exemptions.
    • 3. Duty on carriages.
    • 4. Penalty on not paying the duty.
    • 5. Houſeholders to give in lodgers names that keep any, Page 89
    • 6. Perſons over-rated may appeal.
    • 7. Surveyor overcharging, fineable.
    • 8. The tax, an annual one.
    • 9. When horſes at livery may be ſold, for money due for them.
  • HOTELS, cautions reſpecting them, Page 158
  • HOUSEKEEPING BOOK, copy of, Page 177
  • HOUSES, Page 1
    • 1. Rent unfurniſhed, according to ſize, &c.
    • 2. Rent furniſhed, Page 2
    • 3. Firſt floors, furniſhed, pay the rent of the houſe.
    • 4. Rent of ſhops.
    • 5. On Leaſes.
    • 6. Conditions of leaſes, Page 3
    • 7. Undertenants.
    • 8. Table of the value of leaſes, Page 4
    • 9. Fixtures and appraiſers, Page 5
    • [xii]10. Reſpecting repairs.
    • 11. Danger of taking unfurniſhed lodgings.
    • 12. How to remove troubleſome lodgers, Page 6
    • 13. Tenants holding over.
    • 14. Reſpecting warnings.
    • 15. Tax on houſes.
    • 16. Ditto on ſhops, with the law reſpecting them, Page 7
    • 17. Hiring of furniture, Page 8
    • 18. Buying ſecond-hand ditto, Page 9
    • 19. Purchaſing at auctions, with a liſt of the chief auctioneers.
    • 20. Inſurance from fire, Page 10
      • 1. Particulars of the Sun-fire office.
      • 2. London Aſſurance, Page 11
      • 3. Hand-in-hand office, Page 12
      • 4. Union office, Page 13
      • 5. Weſtminſter ditto, Page 14
      • 6. Phoenix ditto, Page 16
      • 7. Royal Exchange ditto.
      • 9. Tax on inſurance, Page 18
      • 10. Nature of inſuring.
      • 11. Change of reſidence.
      • 12. Removal of goods in fires.
      • 13. Cautions and directions in ſuch caſes, Page 19
      • 14. Houſekeepers or lodgers to pay for engines.
      • 15. Preſervatives under fires.
      • 16. How to preſerve ſhop-books, &c. Page 20
      • 17. Stone-cloſets and iron cheſts.
      • 18. Duplicates of ſhop-books recommended.
      • 19. How to preſerve bank-notes in fires.
      • 20. How to act when a fire is near you.
    • 21. The taxes of a houſe.
      • 1. Land-tax.
      • 2. Houſe-tax, Page 21
      • 3. Shop-tax.
      • 4. Poor's-rate. See Veſtries, 5—8.
      • 5. Window-tax.
      • 6. Ditto in lieu of duty on tea, Page 2 [...]
      • 7. Church-warden's rate. See Veſtries, 1, 3. Page 23
      • 8. Paving-tax.
      • 9. Watching and lighting the ſtreets.
      • 10. Eaſter offerings, lecturer's book and tithes.
      • [xiii]11. River water, Page 24
        • 1. London bridge water-works and terms.
        • 2. York buildings, ditto.
        • 3. New River ditto.
        • 4. Other water-works, Page 25
        • 5. Reſpecting the lead-pipes.
        • 6. Where to apply for relief.
        • 7. Reſpecting turn-cocks, engines, ladders, &c.
        • 8. How to ſecure water in froſty weather, Page 26
    • INSURANCE. See Houſes, 20, &c.
    • INTEREST TABLES, Page 144
    • INVENTORIES. See Stamps, 4.
    • JURYMEN. See Pariſh-officers, 9, &c.
    • LAMP-BREAKERS. See Nuſances, 41.
    • LAUNDRESSES, Advice reſpecting them, Page 42
      • Pawning Linen. See Pawn-brokers, 1, 2.
    • LEASES, Tables of the value of. See houſes, 8.
    • LEATHER-BREECHES MAKERS, and their prices.
    • LETTERS. See Poſt-office and Penny-poſt.
    • LEWDNESS. See Nuſances, 43.
    • LIBRARIES. See Conveniences, 4—7.
    • LODGINGS. See Houſes.
    • MACKREL-CRIERS. See Nuſances, 47.
    • MAIL-COACHES, Page 86
      • Where they go from, Page 87
      • Hours of ſetting off, and their fares.
    • MARKETING-TABLES, Page 43
    • MARKETS. See Butchers, 8.
    • MARSHALSEA, Court of, Page 156
    • MEASURES. See Weights.
    • MEAT. See Butchers, Proviſions.
    • MEN-MIDWIVES, Liſt of moſt eminent, Page 181
    • MILITIA. See Pariſh-officers, 20, &c.
    • MILK-SELLERS. See Bakers, 5, 6. Nuſances, 47.
    • MULTIPLICATION-TABLE, before the title page.
    • NEWS-PAPERS, a Liſt of, Page 124
    • NOTES of HAND. See Stamps, 5.
    • NUSANCES, Page 129
      • 1. Penalty of drivers riding on carriages, obſtructing paſſages, &c. See 31, below, Page 130
      • 2, 3. Hackney-coaches to give way to gentlemen's carriages.
      • [xiv]4. Injuring people's clothes in the ſtreets.
      • 5. Juſtifying aſſaults.
      • 8. Aſſaults without witneſs.
      • 9. What redreſs againſt aſſaults.
      • 10. What is an aſſault.
      • 11. In what caſes a perſon may be bound to good behaviour.
      • 12. What redreſs againſt joſtlers, Page 131
      • 13, 14. Ditto againſt bad houſes.
      • 15. Apprehending beggars.
      • 16. How to puniſh fictitious diſtreſſes.
      • 17. Ditto night-walkers.
      • 18. Ditto conſtables neglecting their duty, Page 132
      • 19. Public nuſances indictable.
      • 20. What are public nuſances.
      • 21. Maſter anſwerable for his ſervant.
      • 22. Redreſs for obſtructing foot-ways.
      • 23. Ditto againſt barrow-women.
      • 24. Ditto againſt pidgeons.
      • 25. Ditto againſt Dogs. See 27, below.
      • 26. Ditto againſt pigs.
      • 27, 28. Ditto againſt biting dogs.
      • 29. Reſpecting deſerted children.
      • 30. What redreſs againſt things thrown from windows.
      • 31. Ditto againſt ballad-ſingers, Page 133
      • 31. Ditto coaches, &c. obſtructing paſſages.
      • 32. Conſtables, watchmen, and beadles, to watch the ſtreets.
      • 33. What redreſs againſt watch-rates.
      • 34. Ditto againſt neglect of duty in watchmen, &c.
      • 35. Their hours of watching.
      • 36. Watch-rate in Weſtminſter, &c. and the duty of the watch.
      • 37. On paving, lighting, and cleanſing the ſtreets, Page 134
        • 1. Pavements to be inſtantly repaired.
        • 2. Penalty on perſons removing lamps, and breaking pavements.
        • 3. Houſes to be numbered.
        • 4. Breaking lamps.
        • [xv]5. On ſigns and water-ſpouts.
        • 6, 7. Throwing filth, &c. in ſtreets.
        • 8. Incloſures in ſtreets. Page 135
        • 9. No wheel-barrows, horſes, &c. on foot-ways.
        • 10. Who is to cart away the duſt.
        • 11. Night-ſoil, when to be carted away.
        • 12. Duty of ſcavengers.
        • 13. Bow-windows and projections.
    • 38, 39. Penalty on perſons not ſweeping before their doors.
    • 40. What redreſs againſt chairmen carrying empty chairs on foot-ways, Page 131
    • 41. Firing ſquibs and rockets, how puniſhed.
    • 42. Redreſs againſt ale-houſes.
    • 43. Ditto againſt lewdneſs, Page 137
    • 44. Ditto againſt ſcolds.
    • 45. How to puniſh drunkards.
    • 46. Ditto inhuman drivers.
    • 47. Ditto criers of things about ſtreets.
    • 48. Ditto ſwearers.
  • OBSTRUCTIONS. See Nuſances, 1, 2, 3, 22, 31.
  • OFFICES, Public, a liſt of, Page 183
  • OILS for Lamps. See Candles, 4.
  • PARISH-OFFICERS, JURYMEN, MILITIA, Page 58
    • 1. Who are liable to ſerve church-warden, and who are exempt.
    • 2. Proſecutors of felons exempt.
    • 3. May get off for a fine.
    • 4. Who are liable to ſerve overſeer.
    • 5. Ditto conſtable.
    • 6. City-conſtables muſt put their names over their doors, &c. Page 59
    • 7. Refuſing to ſerve conſtable.
    • 8. Miſbehaviour of conſtables.
    • 9. Qualifications of jurymen, and who ſhall ſerve.
    • 10, 14, 15. Who are exempt from ſerving.
    • 11. Conſtables to return liſts.
    • 12. How to act, if improperly returned.
    • 13. Notice to jurors of attendance, Page 60
    • 16. Special jurymen paid.
    • 17. Penalty of non-attendance.
    • [xvi]18. Jurymen eating or drinking.
    • 19. Shall not caſt lots for a verdict.
    • 20. Conſtables to give in liſts for militia-men.
    • 21. Penalty of oppoſing ſuch liſts, Page 61
    • 22. Who are liable to ſerve.
    • 23. Who are exempted.
    • 24. Penalty of evaſions.
    • 25, 26. Perſons may provide ſubſtitutes.
  • PAVEMENTS. See Nuſances, 37.
  • PAWNBROKERS, Page 63
    • 1. Perſons pawning goods entruſted to them.
    • 2. Penalty on taking pledges knowingly ſtolen, &c.
  • PENCE-TABLE, before the title page.
  • PENNY-POST, Page 84
    • 1. The chief offices where.
    • 2. Hours of putting in letters.
    • 3, 4, 8. Directions to prevent delays
    • 5, 12. Price of poſtage, and the weight carried.
    • 6. Deſcription of the poſt-marks, Page 85
    • 7. Extent of delivery.
    • 9. Sending things of value by the poſt.
    • 10. Ditto bank-notes, how to guard againſt loſſes.
    • 11. Directions of the office reſpecting lodgers.
    • 12. How to find perſons in London.
  • PEWS. See Public Worſhip, 13—15.
  • PHYSICIANS, Liſt of the moſt eminent, Page 181
  • PIDGEONS. See Nuſances, 24.
  • PIGS. See Nuſances, 26.
  • PORTERS, Page 97
    • 1. Ticket-porters.
    • 2. Fellowſhip-porters.
    • 3. Tackle-porters.
    • 4. Companies porters.
    • Rates of Porters.
  • POST-HORSES, Page 118
    • 1. Tax on travelling poſt.
    • 2, &c. Directions of the act reſpecting travelling, Page 119
    • 9. Price of poſt-horſes.
    • 10. Penalty of poſt-maſter not furniſhing horſes, Page 120
    • 11. Price of hiring poſt-chaiſes.
    • [xvii]12. Ditto of a one-horſe chair.
    • 13. Ditto of chairmen by the week.
  • POST-OFFICE, General, Page 78
    • 1. Times of putting letters in.
    • 2. Perſons employed ſwear to act honeſtly.
    • 3. Foreign letters may be opened.
    • 3—7, 10—15. Rates of poſtage, Page 79
    • 5, 6. Foreign poſtage to be paid in advance, Page 81
    • 8, 9. Foreign mails when diſpatched, Page 82
    • 16. Reſpecting franks.
    • 17. Forging of franks, Page 83
    • 18. Printed votes and news-papers go free.
    • 19. Taking too much poſtage.
    • 20. Money for poſtage how recovered.
    • 21. Overcharged letters.
    • 22. Complaints where to be made, Page 84
    • 23. Any one may refuſe to receive a letter.
  • POULTRY, Page 30
    • 1. Qualities of good poultry, and their prices.
    • 2. Eggs, Page 31
      • When Poultry is in ſeaſon. See Proviſions.
  • PROVISIONS, a liſt of, Page 179
    • 1. Meat, ditto.
    • 2. Poultry, ditto, Page 180
    • 3. Fiſh, ditto.
  • PUBLIC WORSHIP, Page 127
    • 1—9. Penalties of not going to church.
    • 10—12. Ditto of keeping ſervants, &c. who do not go, Page 128
    • 13, 15. Pews in churches.
    • 14. Ditto in chapels.
  • RECEIPTS. See Stamps, 6.
  • REGISTER-OFFICES. See Servants, 2.
  • RENTERS SHARES, Page 161, 164
  • ROTATION OFFICES, a liſt of, Page 139
  • SCAVENGERS. See Nuſances, 42, 43.
  • SCOLDS. See Nuſances, 44.
  • SERVANTS, Page 47
    • 1. Obſervations on them.
    • 2. Where to hire them, with cautions about characters.
    • 3. Average wages, Page 48
    • [xviii]4. Month's wages, or warning.
    • 5. Cooks and Coachmen, a caution againſt them, Page 49
    • 6. How far ſervants are anſwerable for plate, &c.
    • 7. Agreement for wages and diſputes reſpecting them
    • 8, 11. Servants hired by the year, &c. See Pariſh Officers, 30.
    • 9. Aſſaulting their employers, Page 51
    • 10. Robbing their maſters.
    • 12. Setting fire to houſes.
    • 13. Tax on ſervants.
    • 14. Servants embezzling money given to lay out, Page 54
    • 15. Cautions to prevent robberies.
    • 16, 17. Contrivances to ſave trouble and ſervants. Tables of wages, Page 56
  • SHOEMAKERS Prices, Page 42
  • SQUIBS. See Nuſances, 46.
  • STAGE-COACHES, Page 87
  • STAMPS in uſe, Page 139
    • 1. On gloves.
    • 2. On Hats, Page 140
    • 3. — Apprentice fees.
    • 4. — Inventories, Page 141
    • 5. — Notes and Bills of exchange.
    • 6. — Receipts, Page 142
    • 7. — Agreements and bonds, Page 143
  • STAYMAKERS Prices, Page 42
  • STRANGERS in London, how to find them. See Penny-poſt, 12.
  • STRAW, price of, Page 173
  • STREET-WALKERS. See Nuſances, 17.
  • SUNDAY. See Public Worſhip, 1—8. Nuſances, 47. Watermen, 5.
  • SURGEONS, a liſt of the moſt eminent, Page 181
  • SURVEYORS of Streets. See Nuſances, 12.
  • SWEARING, how to puniſh. See Nuſances, 48.
  • TAXES. See Houſes, 21, &c.
  • TAYLORS, advertiſing, cautions againſt them, Page 41
    • 2. Penalty of wearing covered buttons, Page 42
    • 3. Ditto of callicos.
  • TONGUES. See Butter, 8.
  • VEGETABLES, Page 35
  • VERGE of the Court, Page 157 [xix]
    • 1. How to apply when a perſon takes ſhelter there.
    • 2. Sheriffs-officers puniſhable for ſerving a writ there, Page 158
    • 3. The Tower a privileged place.
  • VESTRIES, Page 62
    • 1. Church-warden's rate.
    • 2. Select veſtries.
    • 3. Redreſs againſt the rate.
    • 4. Refuſing to pay the rate.
    • 5. Poor's rate.
    • 6. Perſons may inſpect the books, &c.
    • 7, 8. Redreſs againſt the rate, Page 63
    • 9. Veſtry-clerk and beadle.
    • 10. Time of veſtries.
  • VESTRY-CLERK. See Veſtries, 9.
  • WAGES, tables of, Page 56
  • WALKING through London, Page 115
    • 1. How to find one's way about town.
    • 2. Never paſs under goods craning up, or under a lamp-lighter's ladder.
    • 3. Keep the wall, if on the right.
    • 4. Don't conteſt the wall with a cart.
    • 5. Never ſtop in a croud, or look at print-ſhops.
    • 6. Don't walk under a penthouſe.
    • 7. Guard againſt porters with loads.
    • 8. Take care of your umbrella.
    • 9. Keep the ſhady ſide.
    • 10. Beware of looſe pavements in wet weather.
    • 11. Don't croſs a ſtreet before a coach, Page 126
    • 12. Directions in froſty weather.
    • 13. — in foggy weather.
    • 14. Cautions reſpecting pockets.
  • WATCHMEN. See Nuſances, 38—40.
  • WATCH-RATES. See Nuſances, 37, 40.
  • WATERMEN, Page 116
    • 1. Their fares.
    • 2. Muſt not take more than ſix perſons, Page 117
    • 3. Cautions in employing them.
    • 4. Can take no ſtranger without your leave.
    • 5. Muſt not work on Sundays.
    • 6, 7. Tilt-boat regulations, Page 118
    • [xx]8. No ſailing between the bridges.
  • WEIGHTS and MEASURES, Tables of. See Butter, 8, 9. Page 187
  • WINDOWS, things thrown from. See Nuſances, 30.
  • WINE, Page 36
    • 1. Adulterated.
    • 2. Contents of caſks, &c.
    • 3—7. Removing of wine, Page 37
    • 8. Auctioneers may ſell wine.
  • WOOD. See Coals, 14, 15.

ERRATA.

  • Page 21, line 6, after Houſes 15, add Page 6,
  • — 11, after Houſes ib. add Page 7.
  • — 43, laſt line of the table, for figure 4, read 4.
  • — 46, line 1, for per 12 lb. read 112 lb.
  • — 54, laſt line but four, for paper poſted, read paper paſted.
  • — 133, line 27, for 35 read 34.
  • — 185. The Exchequer keeps October 18 and 26 as holidays, but not November 25.
  • — 186, laſt line. The Cuſtom-houſe does not keep Eaſter Wedneſday.

THE LONDON ADVISER.

[]

HOUSES.

1. HOUSES and lodgings in London are let either furniſhed or unfurniſhed, and their prices are according to their ſize, their ſituation, and their manner of fitting up. In the central parts of London and Weſtminſter, ſuch as the neighbourhood of St. James's, Charing-Croſs, the ſquares, Covent-Garden, the theatres, St. Paul's Church-yard, Cheapſide, the Royal Exchange, &c. they are high rented; in more diſtant parts they are cheaper, and in by-ſtreets, courts, lanes, alleys, and ſuch obſcure places, cheaper ſtill.

A private houſe 24 feet in front, and about ſeventy deep, two or three rooms on a floor, unfurniſhed, in the beſt ſtreets, will let from 100 guineas a-year to 150; ſuch a houſe, in other places, may be had from 80 to 100 guineas: unfurniſhed lodgings in ſuch houſes are ſeldom to be met with.

In leſs central places, but in good ſtreets, unfurniſhed houſes of twenty feet in front, two rooms and a light cloſet on a floor, may be had for ſixty or ſeventy guineas a-year; and houſes of eighteen feet in front for forty or thirty guineas, according to the ſituation and conveniencies. Unfurniſhed lodgings in ſuch houſes let proportionably. The firſt floor generally goes at half the net rent of the houſe without taxes; the parlour floor, or ſecond floor, at one fourth.

[2]2. Houſes about twenty-one feet in front will let from four guineas a week furniſhed to eight guineas, according to the ſeaſon of the year and the time they are engaged for. The deareſt ſeaſon is from Chriſtmas to June, when families are in town and the parliament ſitting; the cheapeſt, when families are out of town, and the parliament prorogued. In the winter ſeaſon, ſuch a houſe as I have mentioned, taken for four or five months, may poſſibly be had for ſeven guineas a-week. Thus taken, the tenant pays no taxes, the goods are delivered on inventory, and whatever is deſtroyed is paid for. Furniſhed lodgings, that is, the firſt floor with a ſervant's room, &c. in ſuch a houſe, will let for from two guineas a-week to three and a half, in proportion to the goodneſs of the furniture, the conveniencies wanted, the trouble given, the time they are engaged for, and the ſeaſon of the year.

Houſes of fifty guineas a-year rent will let furniſhed for from two guineas weekly to five, and the firſt floor furniſhed will let for, from one guinea a week to two guineas; ſecond floors two thirds of the rent of firſt floors, and parlour floors at the price of ſecond floors.

3. It is generally eſtimated, that in lodging-houſes the rent of the firſt floor furniſhed, with other conveniencies, ſuch as kitchen, cellars, garret, &c. ſhall pay the rent and taxes of the whole houſe unfurniſhed.

4. Shops, when let ſeparate, will fetch from 20 l. a-year to 60 l. free of taxes, according to their ſize, ſituation, trade of the ſtreet, and ſhew of window.

5. Landlords have now got into a method of making tenants pay guineas for rent inſtead of pounds, and alſo land-tax and repairs; but all theſe outgoings ſhould be conſidered when the agreement is made, as well as the taxes on the houſe, for in ſome pariſhes the poor-rates and land-tax are lower than in others. Perſons who have money may often get the remnant of a leaſe cheap, provided they will pay down a certain ſum of money for ſuch leaſe; for there are always diſtreſſed houſe-keepers in London, trying to procure money by every poſſible means; for which reaſon, ſuch as purchaſe a leaſe ſhould examine the covenants of that leaſe, and the ſtate of the building, and particularly take care [3] that the rent and taxes are paid up to the time they take poſſeſſion of it, and alſo the ground-rent, by ſeeing the receipts; otherwiſe the tenant may have the arrears of ſuch rent or taxes to pay, and the ſeller of the leaſe may not be found, or, if found, not able to repay.

6. The general conditions of a leaſe are, to leave ſuch fixtures at the end of the term as are given in with the leaſe on ſchedule, and to leave it in ſuch a ſtate as it was in when taken, the wear from time only excepted; to pay the rent half-yearly, under a forfeiture of the leaſe, but with a liberty of aſſigning it during the term.

7. If a tenant purchaſes or takes a leaſe of another tenant, during its term, by aſſignment, he is no longer bound for the rent than whilſt it is in his poſſeſſion; he may aſſign it to another, and, this done, is no longer anſwerable for the rent; but the firſt tenant, aſſigning it without the conſent of his landlord, is held bound for the rent during the whole term, if the occupier does not pay it.

[4]8. TABLE, ſhewing how many Years Purchaſe an Annuity or Leaſe is worth, ſo as to make 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 per cent. of Money. Y. M. D. Years, Months, Days.

Y. P.4 per cent.5 per cent.6 per cent.7 per cent.8 per cent.
 Y. M. D.Y. M. D.Y. M. D.Y. M. D.Y. M. D.
10 11 150 11 120 11 90 11 60 11 3
21 10 181 10 91 10 01 9 211 9 18
32 9 92 8 182 8 32 7 152 6 27
43 7 153 6 153 5 183 5 83 3 21
54 5 124 4 04 2 154 1 63 11 24
65 2 275 0 274 11 04 9 64 7 15
76 0 05 9 125 7 05 4 215 2 1 [...]
86 8 246 5 156 2 155 11 185 9 0
97 5 67 1 96 9 186 6 66 3 0
108 1 97 8 187 4 97 0 96 8 17
118 9 38 3 187 10 187 5 277 1 18
129 4 08 10 98 4 187 11 97 6 12
139 11 249 4 218 10 68 4 97 10 24
1410 6 219 10 219 3 158 8 278 2 27
1511 1 1210 4 159 8 159 1 98 6 21
1611 7 2410 10 010 1 69 5 98 10 6
1712 2 011 3 610 5 219 9 69 1 15
1812 7 2711 8 610 9 2710 0 219 4 15
1913 1 1812 1 011 1 2710 4 09 7 6
2013 7 312 5 1511 5 1810 7 39 9 24
2114 0 912 9 2411 9 310 10 010 0 0
2214 5 1213 1 2712 0 1211 0 2110 2 12
2314 10 613 5 2412 3 1811 3 910 4 12
2415 2 2713 9 1512 6 1511 5 1810 6 9
2515 7 1214 1 312 9 911 7 2410 8 3
2615 11 2114 4 1 [...]13 0 011 9 2710 9 21
2716 3 2714 7 2113 2 1 [...]11 11 2110 11 [...]
2816 7 2714 10 2113 4 2412 1 1811 0 18
2916 11 2115 1 1813 7 612 3 911 3 27
3017 3 1515 4 1213 9 612 4 2711 3 [...]
317 7 015 7 313 11 312 6 1211 4 6
E [...] [...]3 4 025 0 020 0 016 18 014 3 [...]

Note, F. S. or the Fee Simple, is the Perpetuity.

[5]9. In purchaſing a leaſe of a tenant, it is often expected that the purchaſer ſhould alſo buy the fixtures at a fair appraiſement; in doing this, he ſhould examine the leaſe, and ſee that he does not give money for thoſe fixtures which belong to the houſe; for landlords will often fit up a houſe with every neceſſary fixture, and put the tenant to no expence in this matter. But if the fixtures have been put up by the tenant, he has a liberty to remove or ſell all ſuch as are not fixed to the freehold.

Fixtures removeable are locks, bells, ciſterns, grates fixed, coppers, dreſſers, ſhelves, counters, &c. Paper paſted to the wall, buildings erected, new windows, chimney-pieces, &c. or things to beautify the houſe, &c. and fixed to the freehold, muſt go with the houſe, at the end of the term, and cannot be removed.

When goods or fixtures are appraiſed, the ſeller and the buyer each appoints one appraiſer, and the price is fixed between them; if they cannot agree, a third is called in by the other two, and his deciſion is final.— If ſix or eight hours is taken up in this buſineſs, each appraiſer expects a guinea for his trouble; if a few fixtures only are to be appraiſed, the appraiſer will expect only half-a-guinea. However, if you employ him in removing your furniture, repairing it, &c. and you make a prior agreement with him, he will probably not charge you for the appraiſing of a few fixtures. Be careful to have an honeſt man for an appraiſer, for his voice has been known to have been bought over on the other ſide. When goods are appraiſed to a buyer, a greater value is put upon them than they would fetch at a ſale; and if immediately ſold, they would not fetch the appraiſed price by thirty percent.

10. In taking a houſe of its owner, take care that it is in thorough repair, and give a rent accordingly.

11. It is very dangerous to take unfurniſhed lodgings in London; for ſhould the tenant of the houſe not pay his rent, your goods will be liable to be ſeized for it; ſo will your carriage and horſes ſtanding at livery, for the rent of the ſtables, if that rent is in arrear.— To avoid this, enquire into the circumſtances of the [6] houſe-keeper, and if you cannot get the landlord of the houſe to give you an agreement in writing, that he will not ſeize your goods for any arrears that may become due by his tenant, aſk to ſee the landlord's receipt for the laſt half-year, before you pay your own rent.

12. Such houſe-keepers who have troubleſome lodgers, may remove them, if they will not quit otherwiſe, by raiſing the rent weekly upon them; and if they refuſe to pay, ſuing them for the ſame; if the lodgings are furniſhed, and they do not pay, an opportunity may be taken, when the lodger and all perſons belonging to him are out of the apartments, to lock the door, and keep him from re-entering; if any thing is owing, any effects of the lodger may be detained.

13. If a tenant of an unfurniſhed houſe gives notice to his landlord to quit, and does not quit at the time given in ſuch notice; or if he will not quit the premiſes on a legal notice from his landlord, but holds poſſeſſion beyond his term, if the landlord has acquainted him in writing that he expects double rent for his ſo doing, he is obliged to pay double the rent firſt agreed on. 11 Geo. 2. c. 19. ſ. 18. 4 Geo. 2. c. 28. ſ. 1.

If a tenant cannot be removed by any of theſe means, he muſt be ejected out by a courſe of law.

Notice of warning muſt be in writing, directed to the tenant.

14. It is a late determination of the courts, that if it be neceſſary to give a tenant at will half-a-year's notice to quit, the ſaid notice muſt be given half-a-year before the expiration of his year; that is to ſay, his year and the notice muſt expire at the ſame time; for if the [...]enant enters upon another year, he may keep poſſeſſion the whole of that year, and no ejectment to put him out before will ſtand good.

15. For every dwelling-houſe inhabited, rented from 5 l. to 20 l. the occupier muſt pay 6 d. in the pound, 18 Geo. 3. c. 26.19 Geo. 3. c. 59.

At 20 l. and upwards to any ſum under 40 l. 9 d. in the pound. Ibid.

All at 40 l. and upwards, 1 s. in the pound. Ibid.

[7]The offices, yards, gardens, coach-houſes, brew-houſes, wood-houſes, waſh-houſes, &c. provided they all ſtand within the compaſs of one acre, belonging to the dwelling-houſe, muſt be valued with the dwelling-houſe, and ſhall be charged with the ſame duties. Ibid

Shops and warehouſes, if attached to the dwelling-houſes, ſhall alſo be liable to be reckoned in with the rent, except the warehouſes of wharfingers. Ibid.

But no warehouſe that is a diſtinct building ſhall be liable. Ibid.

No houſe ſhall be deemed inhabited, where only one perſon is leſt in charge of it. Ibid.

Where houſes are let out in tenements, the landlords ſhall pay the duty. Ibid.

Halls and offices that pay other taxes are liable to this. Ibid.

Penalties for refuſing or neglect, to be ſued for in the courts of Weſtminſter, and the proſecutor ſhall have full coſts if he recovers.

SHOPS.

16. Every occupier of a houſe, part of which ſhall be uſed as a ſhop, publickly kept open for carrying on trade, or ſelling any goods by retail; and every building or place uſed as a ſhop only ſhall pay a yearly duty as under.

 l.l.s.d.
Yearly rent of5 and under10 4 in the pound.
 1015 8
 152010
 202513
 253019
 30 & upwards 2 

25 Geo. 3. c. 30. ſ. 1.

To be paid by the occupier only, notwithſtanding any agreement with the landlord to the contrary. Ibid. ſ. 5.

The rent of the houſe to be aſcertained by the aſſeſſment of the houſe-tax of 19 Geo. 3. c. 59. Ibid. ſ. 6.

[8]No warehouſe for lodging goods, diſtinct from the public ſhop, or adjoining to it, if uſed only as a wholeſale ſhop, ſhall be charged with the duty. Ibid. ſ. 7.

Nor ſhall bakers or venders of flour, meal, bran or rubbles, be liable to this duty. Ibid. ſ. 8.

Where houſes are divided into different apartments amongſt ſeveral occupiers, the ſame ſhall be aſſeſſed as one houſe, and the duty paid by the landlord. Ibid. ſ. 9.

The duties ſhall be aſſeſſed, levied and collected in ſuch manner, and with ſuch allowances, and under ſuch forfeitures, and according to ſuch rules as are preſcribed for aſſeſſing, collecting, and levying the window-tax. Ibid. ſ. 10. See Windows.

Aſſeſſors are to eſtimate the rent of ſuch houſes, and may examine the pariſh rate-books for that purpoſe.— And perſons refuſing them ſhall forfeit 40 s. Ibid. ſ. 20, 28.

Houſes not to be aſſeſſed at any leſs value yearly than as they ſtand rated to other public taxes. Ibid. ſ. 29.

Perſons overcharged may appeal to the commiſſioners (without expence) and from them to any juſtice of the King's-Bench in England and Wales Ib. ſ. 32, 35.

Penalties not exceeding 20 l. to be recovered before a juſtice; upwards of that ſum in a court of law. Ibid. ſ. 36, 37.

Perſons aggrieved by a juſtice, may appeal to the quarter-ſeſſions. Ibid. ſ. 38.

Perſons ſummoned by a juſtice to attend as a witneſs, and not attending, forfeit 40 s. Ibid.

All proſecutions to be commenced within one year of the offence; and perſons ſued for any thing done in virtue of their office, may plead the general iſſue, and if acquitted ſhall have treble coſts. Ibid. ſ 42.

17. Perſons who have no furniture, and to whom it may be inconvenient to purchaſe it, may hire it of brokers, at the rate of from 15 l. to 30 l. for every hundred pounds worth of goods, according to the time it is wanted. If hired for one year, they will expect 30 l. per cent. if two years, about 25 l. per cent. if [9] for three or four years, about 20 l. per cent. and ſo on in proportion; at 30l. per cent. if taken for four or five years, upholders will lend new furniture, and make it up to the taſte of the borrower.

18. But if houſe-keepers can make ſhift and furniſh a houſe by degrees, they may for ready money, if they are acquainted with the value of things, purchaſe articles at ſales, frequently at leſs than half their firſt coſt, and often at a third, provided they attend ſuch reſpectable ſales, as are advertiſed ſome days before in all the newſpapers.

19. If you mean to purchaſe any thing of conſequence at an auction, ſuch as an eſtate, a houſe, &c. it is adviſeable to take ſome intelligent perſon with you, as a witneſs of the tranſaction; you may aſk the auctioneer what queſtions you pleaſe concerning it, and whatever he aſſures you on the ſubject, he is obliged to make good, or the purchaſe is void.

The principal auctioneers in London, whoſe terms generally, for ſelling goods ſeven and an half per cent. paying all expences except the King's duty, which is 6 d. in the pound, are,

For Houſes, Eſtates, Furniture, &c.
  • Mr. Alderman Skinner and Co. Alderſgate-ſtreet.
  • Mr. Chriſtie, Pall-Mall.
  • Mr. Robins, Covent-Garden.
  • Mr. Anſel, Spring-Gardens.
  • Mr. Spurrier, Copthall-court, Throgmorton-ſtreet.
  • Mr. Denew, Charles-ſtreet, Berkley-ſquare.
  • Mr. Ridgeway, Fe [...]church-ſtreet.
  • Mr. Barford, Leiceſter-ſquare.

For Horſes, Carriages, &c.
  • Meſſ. Tatterſall, Hyde-Park Corner.
  • Mr. Langhorn, Barbican.
  • Mr. Aldridge, St. Martin's-lane.
  • Mr. Hopkins, Holborn.
  • Mr. Mackenzie, Park-ſtreet, Groſvenor-ſquare.

For Books.
  • Meſſrs. Leigh and Sotheby, York-ſtreet, Covent-garden.
  • Mr. Patterſon, King-ſtreet, ditto.
  • Meſſ. Egerton, Whitehall.

For Hoſiery, Linen-drapery, Woollen-drapery, Haberdaſhery, &c.
  • Mr. Elderton, Bow-church yard.

But there are a variety of leſſer ones, perhaps equally reſpectable.

INSURANCE-OFFICES FROM FIRE.

20. When your houſe is furniſhed, the next precaution to be taken is, to inſure it from fire: this may be done at ſeveral public inſurance-offices, and at a very ſmall annual premium. The landlord generally inſures the building.

1. The Sun-Fire Office, near the Royal Exchange, and in Craig's-court, Charing-croſs, has been eſteemed the moſt eligible, becauſe the proprietors act liberally to the inſured, and pay the amount of any loſs with little trouble to the ſupplicant. They expect you to give in the beſt eſtimate you can of the loſs ſuſtained, ſwear to the amount, and then they immediately pay; they uſed to deduct three per cent. on the payment, but have lately altered their plan, and pay now the full ſum inſured, if the goods loſt amount to that ſum. The clerks expect ſome ſmall fees to the amount of a few guineas.

The Sun-Fire Office, beſides 7 s. 6d. for the policy and mark, has the following annual premiums:—

Sums inſured.Common Inſurance.Hazardous Inſurances.Double Hazar Inſurance.
Any ſum Not exceeding 200 l.4s. per annum.6s. per annum.10s. per ann.
From 200l. to 1000l.2s. per cent. per annum.3s. per cent. per annum.5s. per cent. per ann.
From 1000l. to 2000l.2s. 6d. do. do.4s. do. do.7s. 6d. do. do
From 2000l. to 3000l.3s. 6d. do. do.5s. do. do. 

[11]The common inſurances comprehend all brick and ſtone buildings not occupied by hazardous trades or goods; hazardous inſurances are on timber-buildings and goods, and merchandizes in them called hazardous; as diſtillers, chemiſts, apothecaries, colour-men, tallow-chandlers, oil-men, inn-holders, &c. The double-hazardous are thatched, timber, or plaſter buildings. If there is any part of the building wood or plaſter on the outſide, hazardous inſurance muſt be paid.

2. The London Aſſurance, Birchin-lane, eſtabliſhed by a royal charter, aſſures houſes and other buildings, goods, wares and merchandiſe, being the property of the aſſured, on commiſſion or in truſt, houſehold goods, furniture, wearing apparel, and printed books, (except writings, books of accompts, notes, bills, bonds, money, jewels, pictures, gun-powder, cattle, hay, ſtraw, and corn [...]nthraſhed,) from loſs or damage by fire, upon the following terms and conditions:

Sum aſſured.Com. Inſur.Hazard. Inſ.Doub. Haz. In.
Any ſum Not exceeding 1000l.2s. percent. per annum.3s. percent. per annum.5s. per cent. per ann.
From 1000l. to 2000l.2s. 6d. do. do.4s. do. do.7s. 6d. do. do.
From 2000l. to 3000l.2s. 6d. do. do.5s. do. do. 

All brick or ſtone buildings, covered with ſlate, tile or lead, wherein no hazardous goods are depoſited, nor any hazardous trades carried on, will be aſſured at the premiums under common inſurance; ſo will all goods [...]nd wares in ſuch buildings.

Timber or plaſter buildings covered with ſlate, tile or lead, wherein no hazardous goods are depoſited, [...]or any hazardous trades carried on, are conſidered as hazardous inſurances: ſo are all goods and wares not hazardous, if depoſited in ſuch buildings; and all hazardous trades, ſuch as apothecaries, bread and biſcuit bakers, colourmen, coopers, ſhip and tallow [...]handlers, inn-holders, malſters, ſail-makers and ſtable [...]eepers, though carried on in brick or ſtone buildings, [...]overed with ſlate, tile or lead; alſo all hazardous [12] goods, ſuch as hemp, flax, tow, pitch, tallow, tar and turpentine, depoſited in brick or ſtone buildings, covered with ſlate, tile or lead, wherein no hazardous trades are carried on.

Timber or plaſter buildings, covered with ſlate, tile or lead, wherein hazardous goods are depoſited, or any hazardous trades carried on; alſo thatched buildings, wherein are no hazardous goods or trades carried on, and ſhip-carpenters and boat-builders are conſidered as doubly hazardous; alſo hazardous goods depoſited in hazardous buildings, in which hazardous trades are carried on; alſo goods in thatched buildings, glaſs, china and earthen wares.

Chemiſts, diſtillers, ſugar-bakers, and others whoſe trades are attended with extraordinary hazard, from the nature thereof, or other dangerous circumſtances, and alſo deal yards, will be aſſured by ſpecial agreement.

Dwelling-houſes, out-houſes, and other buildings, goods, wares and merchandiſe, may be aſſured in one policy, provided the ſum aſſured on each be particularly mentioned.

Perſons aſſuring for ſeven years will be allowed one year's premium, and the like abatement will be made out of the duty payable to government.

Aſſurances on buildings and goods are deemed diſtinct and ſeparate adventures, ſo that the premium on buildings is not advanced by reaſon of aſſuring goods therein, nor the premium on goods by reaſon of aſſuring the buildings wherein they are kept.

No loſs or damage happening to plate will be paid, unleſs it be expreſsly mentioned to be aſſured, and in adjuſting loſſes thereon, the ſame ſhall not be valued at more than 6 s. per ounce; and in adjuſting loſſes on houſes, no wainſcot, ſculpture or carved work ſhall be valued at more than 3s. per yard.

This Office allows all reaſonable charges attending the removal of goods in caſe of fire, and pays the loſs of the aſſured, if the goods ſhall be deſtroyed, loſt, or damaged by ſuch removal, without any deduction.

3. The Hand-in-Hand Office, oppoſite St. Sepulchre's church, Snow-hill, inſures for ſeven years at 10 s. depoſit, [13] and 2 s. premium per cent. on brick or ſtone, and double that ſum for timber-houſes, the ſum not exceeding 1500 l. and for any ſum from 1500 l. to 2000 l. 4 s. per cent. on brick or ſtone, and double on timber-houſes, for any term of years not exceeding ſeven. But a ſum not exceeding 2000 l. is not to be inſured on any building, without the approbation of a general court; and the office inſures only three-fourths of the value of each houſe. This office inſures houſes only, on the plan of the Union-Office. See the Union-Office.

4. The Union-Office, Maiden-lane, Cheapſide, is formed on the ſame model as that of the Hand-in-Hand, excepting that, inſtead of houſes, this Office only inſures goods and merchandiſe, not exceeding the ſum of 6000 l. in any one houſe, warehouſe, yard, &c. at the following rates.

Beſides the parliamentary ſtamp-duties, (and the charge of the policy and mark, which is 9 s. 6 d.) for every 100 l. inſured for ſeven years, ſhall be paid a certain premium, and a depoſit as follows:—

Sums aſſured.Com. Inſ.Half Haz.Haz.H. & H. H.Dou. Ha [...].
 Pr. Dep.Pr. Dep.Pr. D.Pr. Dep.Pr. Dep.
Any ſum not exceeding 1000l.s. d. s. d.s. d. s. d.s. s.s. d. s. d.s. d. s. d
 2 0 10 02 6 12 63 15 [...] 9 20 05 0 [...] 0
1000l. to 2000l.2 6 12 63 0 15 04 205 6 27 67 6 37 6
2000l. to 3000l.2 6 12 63 6 17 65 256 6 32 68 0 40 0
Above 3000l.3 0 15 04 0 20 05 257 [...] 35 [...] 

Common Inſurances are in houſes built on all ſides with brick or ſtone, and covered with ſtate, tiles or lead, and in which no hazardous trades are carried on.

Hazardous inſurances are goods, not uſually deemed hazardous, in timber or plaſter buildings; and hazardous goods or trades, ſuch as pitch, tar, tallow, hemp, ſlax, roſin, &c. apothecaries, coopers, bread or biſcuit bakers, ſhip and tallow chandlers, ſail and rope-makers, colourmen, inn-holders, &c. in brick or ſtone buildings.

Double-hazardous inſurances are, hazardous goods and trades, in timber or plaſter buildings: and alſo [14] chemiſts, ſhip-carpenters, boat-builders, china, glaſs and earthen ware, hay and ſtraw, &c.

Particular caſes, and other inſurances more hazardous ſtill, are ſubject to the orders and diſcretion of the directors.

The inſurance takes place from the time the charge is paid, and the deed ſubſcribed by the inſurer. If any alteration is made on the premiſes where the goods, &c. are inſured, notice muſt be given at the office, and ſuch alteration approved by the directors, or the policy is void.

The depoſit-money is returned on the expiration of the policy; that is, at the end of the ſeven years, with a proportionable dividend of profits (after deduction of loſſes and incidental charges only).

Every member or inſurer ſhall pay a due proportion of all loſſes and charges; and if ſuch proportion ſhall at any time, beyond the depoſit-money, be more than equal to the ſum at firſt depoſited, then any member or inſurer, who by inſurance becomes a member, ſhall be at liberty to quit the ſociety, paying his proportion due at that time.

Any member may transfer his policy; and the executors or adminiſtrators of every member dying, ſhall, within three months, give notice at the office, and have ſuch transfer or draft indorſed upon his policy, in which caſe, the aſſignee, executor, or adminiſtrator, ſhall be entitled to the ſame benefit the original inſurer was; that is, if the directors think proper: if not, they ſhall only have the proportionable profits up to the time of transfer or death.

Members may attend general meetings, which are held twice a year, and may at any time ſee the orders and proceedings of the directions, books of accounts, &c.

5. The Weſtminſter Fire-Office, Bedford-ſtreet, Covent-garden, inſures houſes only, and on the following terms:—

Every perſon inſuring for one year ſhall pay for ſuch inſurance, for every hundred pounds. two ſhillings for brick, and four ſhillings for timber buildings, excluſive of all preſent and future Parliamentary impoſitions, [15] provided the premiſes are ſituate within ten miles from the office.

Perſons inſuring for ſeven years become proprietors of the office; and in conſideration of their payment for the whole term in advance, will be allowed one year's inſurance in ſeven. They are to pay a premium at the rate of two ſhillings per cent. and a depoſit of ten ſhillings per cent. on brick, and double thoſe ſums on timber buildings within five miles from the office.

All ſeptennial inſurers ſhall contribute to making good the loſſes in proportion to their inſurance; but none to be charged above ten ſhillings per cent. for brick, and double for timber houſes, &c. which if any loſs ſhall ever require, any member, firſt paying his ſaid ſhare, and remitting the depoſit-money, may ſurrender his policy, and be diſcharged.

The depoſit-money to be returned to every inſurer at the expiration of his policy, together with the yearly dividends of profit, except what ſhall be neceſſary to defray incident charges and loſſes by fire, which ſhall be firſt deducted out of the ſame.

Houſes and buildings having the fronts and back fronts built with brick or ſtone, and having alſo ſufficient brick party-walls, are to be deemed brick; and others not ſo built, to be deemed timber.

All buildings inſured to be viewed by the ſurveyor of the office, who is to determine their quality, whether brick or timber.

Every policy to be charged four-pence, and every mark to fix on the houſe one ſhilling and four-pence.

This office inſures to the full value on all houſes.

Gilding, car [...]ing, and hiſtory painting, are not included in the inſurance; nor will more than 75 l. be allowed for any marble chimney-piece; nor more than 75 l. for an ornamental [...]eling; nor more than two ſhillings and ſix pence per foot running for ſtucco cormices and entablature; nor more than ſixpence per yard running for papering.

[16]6 The Phoenix Company, or New Fire-Office, in [...]ombard-ſtreet, inſures houſes, goods, and merchandiſe, to any amount, on the following terms:—

Sums inſured.Com. Inſur.Hazard. Inſ.Very Haz. Inſ.
Any ſum   
Not exceeding 100l.2s. per annum.3s. per annum.5s. per annum.
From 200l. to 1000l.2s. percent. per annum.3s. percent. per annum.5s. percent. per annum.
From 1000l. to 2000l.*2s. 6d. do. do.4s. do. do.7s. 6d. do. do.
From 2000l. to 3000l.*2s. 6d. do. do.5s. do. do. 

Buildings and goods are here conſidered as ſeparate riſks, and therefore the premium or money paid annually will not increaſe, as ſet forth in the above table, unleſs the property inſured is in one riſk, and ſhall exceed 1000l.

Large ſums may be inſured by ſpecial agreement.

The price of the policy and mark is 8 s. 6 d.

On death the policy may be continued to the heir, provided the policy is brought to the office to be indorſed. Perſons changing their habitations may have their policies indorſed, which keeps them in force.

This office, in caſe of loſs, pays the full value for chimney-pieces, carving, ſtucco-work, and other decorations.

Perſons inſuring for ſeven years will be charged for ſix years only, and if they inſure for a number of years more or leſs than ſeven, will be allowed a reaſonable diſcount, both in the premium and inſurance tax.

7. The Royal Exchange Aſſurance Office, over the Exchange, eſtabliſhed by royal charter, inſures from loſs or damage by fire, houſes and other buildings, houſe-hold furniture, wearing apparel, printed books, goods, wares and merchandiſes, being the property of the aſſured or on commiſſion, (except all manner of writing books of accompts, notes, bills, bonds, tallies, ready money, and gun-powder) upon the following terms and conditions: [17]

TABLE of Annual Premiums.
Sums aſſured.Com. Aſſur.Hazard. Aſſur.Doub. Haz. Aſ.
Any ſum above 100l. not exceeding 1000l.2s. per cent. per ann.3s. percent. per annum.5s. percent. per annum.
From 1000l. to 2000l. [...]s. 6d. do. do.4s. do. do.7s. 6d. do. do.
From 2000l. to 3000l. [...]s. 6d. do. do.5s. do. do. 

Any larger ſums may be aſſured by ſpecial agreement.

Aſſurances on jewels, plate, medals, watches, prints not in trade, pictures, drawings, and ſtatuary-work; alſo aſſurances to chemiſts, diſtillers, and ſugar-refiners; or any other aſſurances more than ordinarily hazardous, by reaſon of the trade, nature of the goods, narrowneſs of the place, or other dangerous circumſtances, muſt be particularly ſpecified, and may be made by ſpecial agreement.

Any number of dwelling-houſes, and the out-houſes thereunto belonging, together with the goods therein, may be aſſured in one policy, provided the ſum to be aſſured on each is particularly mentioned.

Aſſurances on buildings and goods are deemed diſtinct and ſeparate adventures, ſo that the premium on goods is not advanced by reaſon of any aſſurance on the building wherein the goods are kept, nor the premium on the building by reaſon of any aſſurance on the goods.

For accommodation of ſuch perſons as are deſirous of being aſſured for more than one year. a diſcount of 5 l. per cent. per annum, on the yearly premium will be allowed for all years except the firſt, and perſons ſo aſſured are not ſubject to any calls or contribution to make good loſſes.

Every perſon upon application to be aſſured with this Company, is to depoſit 2 s. and 6 d. for the mark, and 6 s. for the Policy, on ſums not exceeding 1000 l. and 11 s. for the Policy, on ſums exceeding 1000 l. [18] which money is to be returned, if the aſſurance propoſed is not agreed to. No Policy is to be of any force till the premium for one year is paid.

In adjuſting loſſes, no plate is to be valued at more than ſix ſhillings per ounce, except by ſpecial agreement.

Perſons aſſured by this corporation do not depend upon an uncertain fund or contribution, nor are they ſubject to any covenants or calls to make good loſſes which may happen to themſelves or others; the capital ſtock of this corporation being an unqueſtionable ſecurity to the aſſured, in caſe of loſs or damage by fire. And in caſe of diſpute, the aſſureds have a more ready and effectual method of recovery, than can be had againſt any ſocieties who do not act under a common ſeal.

This corporation will, in caſe of fire, allow all reaſonable charges attending the removal of goods, and pay the ſufferer's loſs, whether the goods are deſtroyed, loſt, or damaged by ſuch removal, without any deduction.

9 As an addition to the expence of inſurance, government has laid a tax of 1 s. 6 d. on every 100 l. inſured, which muſt be paid at the time you pay your inſurance, which is always a year in advance.

10. It is cuſtomary for theſe offices to have inſerted in the body of the policy the particular articles you inſure, and how much upon each; as for example: Cloaths 50 l. books 30 l. furniture 150 l. plate 70 l. &c. and though you were to inſure to the amount of 1000 l. they never pay more than you can make appear you have loſt. If inſuring as above, you have loſt 100 l. of cloaths, they will pay no more than 50 l. the ſum inſured, and the ſame in other articles. It is folly, therefore, to inſure beyond the value of your real property. If your property increaſes at any [...] ture time, and you wiſh to inſure more, you can have a new policy for 6 s. 6 d.

11. In caſe of removal, the ſame policy will do, with the addition of an indorſement, for which they charge one ſhilling.

12. All theſe offices pay for the removal of goods, in caſe of an adjoining fire.

Cautions againſt Fire.

[19]

13. To guard againſt fire, every maſter or miſtreſs of a family ſhould be particularly attentive, that ſervants put every fire out before they go to bed, and that they put out the candles in their own room; for if a fire does not begin in your own houſe, as watchmen are always about to give notice, there is ſufficient time to eſcape. But if families ſhould be ſo unfortunate as to be ſurpriſed by fire, and cannot eſcape at the door, they ſhould by all means endeavour to be cool, and not be too much alarmed—fear overcomes reaſon, and will prevent ſtudying our ſafety. If there be no way out at the top of the houſe; from the firſt floor windows, or even from the ſecond, a perſon might eſcape by tying the blankets and ſheets together, faſtening one end to a chair, with the window half down, and throwing the other end out, and lowering himſelf down by the blankets, &c. the window will prevent the chair following you.

14. The law enjoins, that the pariſh-officers ſhall pay as a reward to the turn-cock, whoſe water firſt reaches the place where any fire breaks out, a ſum not exceeding ten ſhillings; to the firſt engine brought complete, a ſum not exceeding thirty ſhillings; to the ſecond a ſum not exceeding twenty ſhillings; and to the third a ſum not exceeding ten ſhillings: and to make perſons careful of fire, whenever a chimney takes fire, and the houſe is not burnt, or wherever any miſchief is done to a houſe by fire beginning in a chimney, and the pariſh-officers pay the rewards as above, the tenant or lodger, whoſe chimney is thus ſet on fire, ſhall re-pay the church-wardens the ſaid ſums, or ſuch part of them as a juſtice ſhall direct, if the matter is referred to him. 14 Geo. 3. c. 78.

15. But as a preſervative againſt fires, every pariſh is furniſhed with long ladders: theſe are kept at certain places, and every family ſhould know where they are kept, and write it down, and fix the writing [...]n ſome conſpicuous part of the houſe, as alſo in what [...]tuation the fire-plugs are; by doing this, people can [...]lways have recourſe to them.

[20]16. If families have any thing to preſerve more than ordinary; for example, ſhop-books, books of account, writings, bank-notes, caſh, &c. as theſe things take but little room, it would be adviſeable for thoſe who have no other ſecure place, to put them every night into a bag, and place them in their chamber by their cloaths; they can thus be readily carried off.

17. Some families have ſtone-cloſets, others have iron cheſts, but the above method would be almoſt equally as ſecure.

18. Tradeſmen would do well to keep duplicates of their books, and lodge one ſet in the houſe of a friend; the occurrences of a week might be tranſcribed at the week's end.

19. Thoſe who have bank-notes ſhould always enter the number, date and ſum of each note, in a book, as ſoon as received, in which caſe, if deſtroyed, on giving the bank ſecurity to re-pay the money, in caſe the note ever appears againſt them, they will give the loſer the caſh. If they receive them of bankers, and can remember where they received them, and on whoſe account, ſuch bankers will furniſh them with the particulars, as they always enter them in their books.

20. If a neighbouring houſe is on fire, preſerve your temper, be cool and wary; don't be in haſte to open your doors and let in the rabble, be they as impatient as they may; for in fires, thieves are always ready to plunder a houſe, and you may loſe more that way than any other. The inſurance-offices always retain in their ſervice a number of men to attend at fires; theſe may be known by their dreſs and badge; and if you admit any into your houſe to aſſiſt you in removing your property, let theſe be the only people. The maſter of the houſe ſhould ſtand at the door himſelf for that purpoſe, and the goods, as removed, ſhould be carried to the houſe of ſome friend in the neighbourhood, on the oppoſite ſide of the ſtreet.

21. The taxes of a houſe in London are nearly half the rent, and are as follow:

1. Land-tax, a tax on the ground, paid by the tenant, half-yearly, but generally allowed by the landlord in the rent, if no agreement to the contrary.— [21] This is generally four ſhillings in the pound, but in ſome pariſhes leſs than others.

2. A houſe-tax paid to Government, by the tenant, of ſix-pence, nine-pence, or one ſhilling in the pound according to the rent. The rent, in this tax, is rated to the full. See Houſes, 15.

3. If the houſe has a retail-ſhop belonging to it, it pays an additional tax of from four ſhillings to two ſhillings in the pound, according to the rent of the houſe. This to be paid alſo by the tenant. See Houſes, 16.

4. The poor's-rate is another tax, but a parochial one, paid by the tenant to the overſeers of the pariſh, for the maintenance of the poor. This is collected every half-year, and the aſſeſſment is from one to ſix ſhillings in the pound, or more, according to the number of poor in the pariſh. This aſſeſſment is made by the pariſh officers, and ratified by a bench of juſtices. The book, with this ratification, and the ſums each houſe-keeper is to pay, is brought round to every houſe, when the money is collected, and each inhabitant may ſee how much others pay, then or at any other time, on paying ſix-pence or a ſhilling. The rent of each houſe is generally eſtimated in the pariſh-book at two-thirds of the real rent paid; and if any perſon finds that he pays more in proportion than the reſt of the pariſh, he may obtain redreſs, by an application to the quarter-ſeſſions, at a very little expence.

Any perſon occupying any houſe, &c. out of which any other perſon aſſeſſed has removed, or which, at the making the rate was empty, every perſon ſo removing, and the perſon ſo coming into and occupying the ſame, ſhall pay to ſuch rate in proportion to the time he occupied the ſame. In caſe of diſpute, the proportion to be aſcertained by two juſtices. 17 Geo. 2. c. 38. ſ. 12.

5. Another tax is the window-tax, paid by the tenant to Government, and collected half-yearly.

[22]This is aſſeſſed in the following manner:—

 s.d.
Every houſe pays in the firſt place, per an.30 each
And alſo for 7 windows, and no more,02
806
908
10010
1110
1212
1314
14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,16
2017
2118
2219
23110
24111
25, and upwards,20

Windows of out-houſes are to be reckoned into the number.

Windows lighting two rooms to be reckoned as two.

Two or more windows, not twelve inches apart from each other, are reckoned but as one.

No windows deemed ſtopped, unleſs with ſtones, brick, or plaſter.

Opening a window, without notice to the aſſeſſor, forfeits twenty ſhillings.

Glaſs doors, and lights over doors, do not pay according to this act.

6. But, in addition to the above, windows pay a ſecond duty, in lieu of the duty on tea taken off; this is as follows:—

 L.s.d.
Every houſe under 7 windows, per ann.030
7060
8080
90106
100130
110156
120180
13110
14150

[23]After this, 5 s. a window for the reſt, to the number of 50.

 L.s.d.
50 windows pay per ann.6100

After this, 2 s. 6 d. a window for the reſt, to 100.

100 to 109 per ann.1200
109 to 1201300
120 to 1301400
130 to 1401500
140 to 1501600
150 to 1601700
160 to 1701800
170 to 1801900
180, upwards2000

Perſons are to pay only for two houſes, and thoſe containing the greateſt number of windows.

Glaſs-doors, and lights over doors, are here conſidered as windows.

7. The next tax is the church-wardens rate, for repairing the church. The county-rate is generally collected with it. This is only collected occaſionally, and may be from three-pence in the pound to two or three ſhillings, according to the exigencies required.

8. Another rate or aſſeſſment is the paving-tax, for repairing, cleaning, and lighting the ſtreets. This is one ſhilling and ſix-pence in the pound, of two-thirds of the rent or value.

9. Another is for watching them, but this is a trifle.

10. There is a further call on every houſeholder for Eaſter-offerings, for the rector or vicar of the pariſh; this is four-pence a-head for every one in each family capable of receiving the ſacrament, paid once a year, at Eaſter. But this ſeldom is collected; it is generally leſt to each family to give what they pleaſe; but it is always expected that they give ſomething; perhaps a few ſhillings.

Once or twice a year the church-wardens generally bring round a book, to make a collection for the lecturer or afternoon preacher. At this time a houſekeeper generally gives a few ſhillings, but this is optional.

[24]In ſome pariſhes, twenty or thirty ſhillings a year, more or leſs, are paid by houſe-keepers, in proportion to their rent, in lieu of tithes.

11. A further expence to the inhabitants is the river water, with which each houſe is ſerved, from about twenty-four to thirty ſhillings a year, according to the time of ſerving, whether every day or three times a week.

1. The London-bridge water-works ſupply the city, and the greateſt part of its liberties, with Thames water, at the rate of from twenty-four to thirty ſhillings (paid half-yearly) according to the diſtance from London-bridge. The pipes of this Company ſpread all over the city to Tower-hill, Snow-hill, Shore-ditch, and St. Dunſtan's-church, Fleet-ſtreet. Office at London-bridge.

2. The York-building water-works, (office in Villiers-ſtreet, attendance from three in the afternoon till ſeven) ſupplies Weſtminſter, and the weſt end of the town, as far as Holborn, with Thames water, and will convey the water, if deſired, to the upper-ſtories of a houſe, the ſecond or third ſtory, according to their ſituation. The higher the houſe ſtands from the water ſide, the leſs height can they convey the water. The prices of the water is the ſame with the London-bridge water-works; only, if the water is to be conveyed to the ſecond or third ſtory, more money is paid annually, from thirty ſhillings to five pounds. The Thames water is reckoned ſofter than that of the new river.— If a fire happens in the night, application for water from this Company, and that of London-bridge, muſt be made at the reſpective offices, and it will be ſome time, half an hour or more, before they can get their engines to work.

3. The New-River Company (office in Dorſet-ſtreet, Fleet-ſtreet) ſupplies all London on the north ſide of the Thames, from Mile-end turnpike to Hyde-park corner, with water brought twenty miles from London, to a reſervoir at Iſlington. The terms of this Company are rather higher than thoſe of other water-companies, but the water is generally clearer and better. They ſerve families from twenty-four ſhillings a year to five [25] pounds, according to the quantity of water they require, which is ſettled by the collector of the diſtrict, whoſe name may be known, by applying at the office, in Dorſet-ſtreet. This collector alſo will furniſh families with the names of the turn-cocks in his diſtrict, printed on paper, to whom application is to be made in caſes of fire; and in the collector's receipts will be found the place to apply to, in want of water and other complaints. This Company conveys the water to upper ſtories of houſes, without any additional expence than the lead pipes, which are the property of, and muſt be fixed by, the tenant; the nearer a houſe ſtands to the Thames ſide, that is, the lower it is from the reſervoirs, the higher in the houſes the water can be conveyed. In the New River Water-works, the water runs from an eminence; in the London-bridge and York Company, it is forced up by fire; of courſe, the higher it is conveyed, the more money annually is required.

4. There are other water-works, thoſe of Chelſea, Hampſtead, Bayſwater, Shadwell, Lambeth, &c. that ſupply other parts of the town, and the Borough of Southwark, with ſoft water, and on nearly the ſame terms. Thrale's water-works, that ſupply part of Southwark, ſerve ſo low as 20 s. a-year.

5. The lead pipes from the main, that is, from the middle of the ſtreet, are conſidered as belonging to the houſe, and muſt be paid for, and kept in repair by the tenant; other repairs and expences are paid by the ſeveral companies.

6. Attendance is always given at the reſpective offices from morning till night, and complaints immediately redreſſed. It is proper to ſend to theſe offices immediately on a fire breaking out, eſpecially thoſe that ſupply the Thames water.

7. It is adviſeable for every houſe-keeper, on firſt coming to London, to apply to the offices for the names of the turn-cocks, and where they live; and alſo to fire-offices, for the places where the fire-engines are; alſo to the veſtry-clerks of the different pariſhes, for the places where the ladders are kept, and from year to year, who are the conſtables and other [26] pariſh-officers, and to write theſe down and ſtick them up in the kitchen, or other part of the houſe, that the earlieſt application, in caſe of fire, may be made for every neceſſary aſſiſtance.

8. In froſty weather, to ſecure water to the houſe is the care and buſineſs of the tenant. For this purpoſe, freſh horſe-dung ſhould be laid over the pavement under which the lead pipes paſs, and ſome ſhould be wound round the pipe as it croſſes the area. Dung can be had at any of the ſtables for a trifle, and the expence of fetching it in a cart is not much.

BAKERS, BREAD AND MILK.

1. EVERY peck loaf ſhall weigh 17 lb. 6 oz. averdupois weight; every half peck 8 lb. 11 oz. and every quartern loaf 4 lb. 5 oz. and an half; to be weighed within twenty-four hours after baking or being ſold, under the penalty of from 1 s. to 5 s. for every ounce deficient, at the diſcretion of the magiſtrate, the bread to be taken and weighed in his preſence; for every deficiency of weight under one ounce, the penalty is from 6 d. to 2 s. 6 d. 31 Geo. 2. c. 39. 3 Geo. 3. c. 11.

2. Bread made for ſale ſhall be fairly marked; wheaten-bread with a large Roman W, and houſehold-bread with an H, to aſcertain under what denomination it was made, under a penalty not exceeding 20 s. nor under 5 s. Ibid.

3. Any baker or other perſon demanding or taking a higher price for bread, than what the ſame ſhall be ſet at by the aſſize, or refuſing to ſell to any perſon any of the ſorts allowed or ordered to be made; when he ſhall have more than is neceſſary for the immediate uſe of his family or cuſtomers, forfeits not exceeding 40 s. nor leſs than 10 s. Ibid.

4. If a certain weight of wheaten-bread coſts 8 d. the ſame weight of ſtandard wheaten (to be marked S. W.) ſhall be ſold for 7 d. and the ſame weight of [27] houſehold-bread ſhall be ſold for 6 d. on penalty of from 10 s. to 40 s. Ibid.

Bread inferior to wheaten is not to be ſold at a higher price than houſehold-bread is ſet at, on penalty of 20 s. Ibid. Applications to a magiſtrate.

5. Bakers' men, who carry the bread round to their cuſtomers, will ſometimes, if families run up a bill, ſell a loaf or two by the way, and put the money into their own pockets, telling their maſters, that they left them at ſuch houſes. The maſter, of courſe, charges the cuſtomer for bread he never had; and, when the bill comes to be paid, it perhaps occaſions a diſpute, and the buyer finds himſelf obliged to pay for it after all. To avoid this, the beſt method is, never to run a bill with a baker, but pay for the bread as it is left; or, if this be inconvenient, order the bill in every Monday morning, while the occurrences of the week are in the memory: theſe bills, examined and filed, will prevent your being cheated. Bakers, like milk-women, will ſometimes leave tallies, on which they daily chalk what is left, but a mark is eaſily added, while the ſervant is inattentive, which robs you of the price of a loaf, or a pint of milk. Theſe marks are ſometimes made on the door-poſt, oftener without the door than within; of courſe an addition can be made unknown to your ſervant, as the baker or milk-woman paſſes the door; or they may be wholly rubbed out, by wanton boys or others, as is frequently the caſe; and when the ſcore is gone, the baker or milk-woman may charge what they pleaſe; and as they can ſell a loaf or a pint of milk to thoſe who pay ready money, and ſecrete that money; to conceal this fraud from their maſters, they will ſcore it up to their cuſtomers on credit.

6. With reſpect to milk, though ſold at 3 d. a quart, it is always mixed with water. There are cows that are driven into the ſtreets, about the weſt end of the town, from which you may have your milk, and ſee it milked, at 4 d. a quart, but the milk of theſe is not very good, as the cows are driven about all the day; yet it is better than what is brought by milk-women.

BUTCHERS AND MEAT.

[28]

1. IT is by no means adviſeable to deal with one butcher, unleſs you can agree to have all your meat, viz. beef, mutton, veal, lamb and pork, weighed in, at one and the ſame price, all the year round; which ſome butchers will do at 5 d. a pound, and occaſionally give you, at the ſame price, a quarter of houſe-lamb. If you enter into ſuch an agreement, take care to have a bill of the weight always ſent home with the meat, and order it to be weighed by your own people.

If you make no ſuch agreement, and deal regularly with one butcher, you will frequently be charged for a joint you never had; and for half a pound, or a quarter of a pound more than the joint weighs: and you will always pay a halfpenny, or a farthing more per pound, than was you to go to market and cheapen it yourſelf. In buying a joint at market, of ſeven pounds and an half, you may often deduct the half pound, but when ſent home by a butcher who credits you, never. This conduct in a family will occaſion a great ſaving at the year's end. If you pay your butcher but once a quarter, be ſure to have a bill of the weight and price ſent in with your meat, and a regular bill of the week's meat every Monday morning. In this caſe you will ſee what you are about, and not be liable to be impoſed upon.

2. Good meat ſhould not look lean, dry, or ſhrivelled; the fleſhy part ſhould be of a bright red, and the fat of a clear white. When the fleſh looks pale, and the fat yellow, the meat is not good. Cow beef is worth a penny a pound leſs than ox beef, except it be the meat of a maiden heiſer. In a buttock you may know it by the udder.

3. The average price of beef is from 4d. a pound to 5d. The prime boiling parts are the rump, buttock edge-bone, briſkit, thick and thin flank; roaſting pieces, the ſurloin and ribs.

[29]Butchers make a difference in price between pieces of beef to roaſt and boil; if you take a piece of each, they will ſell prime beef for 4d. halfpenny; if a boilling piece alone 4d. if roaſting alone 5d.

If you want rump-ſteaks in any quantity, it is cheaper to give 7d. a pound without bone than 4d. halfpenny for the whole rump. A buttock is the cheapeſt joint, as it is free from bone; for if you wiſh it, the butcher will ſell it you without the marrow-bone, which is worth its weight for the marrow.

In buying a buttock of beef, be careful you do not buy the mouſe-buttock for the prime one. The difference is eaſily known; the prime buttock is firſt cut off the leg, and is the thickeſt; the mouſe-buttock is thinner, and cut off the legs between the buttock and the leg bone, is coarſe meat, and not worth ſo much by one penny a pound.

A bullock's tongue will ſell from 2s. to 4s. 6d. according to its ſize and goodneſs. A good tongue ſhould look plump, clear and bright, not of a blackiſh hue.

4. The fleſh of mutton ſhould be of a bright red, and its fat of a clear white; and unleſs it is very fat it is worth little. Ewe mutton is not worth ſo much as weather by a penny in the pound; mutton five years old, if it can be got, is the moſt delicious; its natural gravy is brown. A leg of ewe mutton may be known by the udder on its ſkirt. The average price of prime weather mutton is 4d. halfpenny per pound, though it will ſell often for 5d. halfpenny.

5. The average price of veal is 6d. though it will often ſell for 8d. particularly the fillet. Large veal is ſeldom good. Veal ſhould be fat and very white, like rabbit or chicken, not red, or look as if it was much blown up.

6. The average price of graſs lamb is 6d. a pound, that of pig-pork the ſame, though pork chops will often ſell for 7d. or 8d.

Houſe lamb at Chriſtmas is dear, and if fine and ſat will ſell for 7s. 6d. a quarter, the leg 5s. At other times it may be bought ſo low as 3s. 6d. a quarter.

7. If your butcher ſends you any tainted meat, he may be fined, by complaining to a magiſtrate; but the [30] readieſt and leaſt troubleſome method of redreſs, is [...] put up with a trifling loſs, and deal with ſuch a butche no more.

8. The beſt markets in town are, St. James's, New port, Clare-market, Newgate, Honey-lane, and Leaden hall, for meat; for vegetables, Covent-Garden and Leaden-hall; for freſh butter, Leaden-hall, particularly for Epping butter and cream cheeſe.

POULTRY.

1. POULTRY of all ſorts may be purchaſed cheape [...] of the higlers at the ſeveral markets, than at the Poulterer's ſhops; but of the higlers you muſt take care what you buy: fowls and chickens ſhould be fat plump and white, particularly white legged. Chicken may be known by their ſize, and fowls are young, if they have no ſpurs.

By the ſame marks you may judge of turkeys. A large cock-turkey at Chriſtmas cannot be bought for leſs than 6s. or 7s. at other times 5s.; a hen turkey from 4s. to 5s. 6d. Fat crammed chickens, about ten weeks old, on or about Lady-day, are worth about 3s. 6d. each, and a fine fowl at Midſummer is worth 3s. 6d. at other times chicken may be bought of higlers for 3s. or 4s. a couple, and fowls at the ſame price.

Ducks and geeſe ſhould look white, very plump, and broad over the breaſt. A fat gooſe, weight about 10 lb. on Michaelmas-day, is worth 5 s. at other times about 3 s. 6 d. A green gooſe in May is worth 4 s. The price of ducks is from 3 s. a couple to 5 s. Wild ducks, in froſty weather, may be bought in Fleet-market for 2 s. 6 d. a couple; at other times they are worth 2 s. each. If they ſmell fiſhy they are of little value; to know this, take one of the pen-feathers from the wing, and put it down the throat; if it ſmells fiſhy in drawing it out, the bird will taſte ſo. Dove-houſe pidgeons, in May or June, may be bought for 3 s. 6 d. or 4 s. a dozen. In winter time, poulterers will aſk 1 s. 6 d. a piece. Larks, in hard weather, may be [31] had for 1 s. 6 d. a dozen. They are beſt ſoon after harveſt. Guinea fowls are beſt in Spring, when they get fat without feeding. At this time they are worth from 7 s. to 10 s. each; at other times they are worth little: theſe laſt can be bought only of the poulterers, of whom quails alſo may be had after harveſt, at 2 s. 6d. each. Woodcocks are from 2 s. to 4 s. each, according to the plenty or ſcarcity.

2. Eggs are from three a groat to eight, according to the time of the year; they are deareſt in winter: but ſuch as wiſh for new-laid eggs may frequently get them at the livery-ſtables, for one penny or three-halfpence each.

FISH.

FISH is generally deareſt and beſt, when in ſeaſon.

1. Fiſh-mongers charge a price for fiſh according to their cuſtomers; to deal with one man regularly, and pay him once or twice a year, is as bad as dealing with butchers in the ſame way. A fiſh-monger near the ſquares will charge 2 s. 6 d. for a mackrell, which may be bought for half the money at Charing-croſs; and for one-third of the money from thoſe who cry them about.

To ſuch as live convenient, Billingſgate is the place to buy ſea-fiſh at, whether you want little or much.— Market-days there are Mondays, Wedneſdays, and Fridays; but market-days are the deareſt days.— You may often buy them freſh, and forty per cent. cheaper, on the intermediate days. By purchaſing at Billingſgate, you may buy at one-third of the price which fiſh-mongers charge, and if you lay out a few ſhillings, it will pay for a perſon to carry them home: fiſh-mongers, at this market, purchaſe at break of day; and, when the market is not glutted, they will, at thoſe times, buy up all the largeſt fiſh, but there is always ſufficient leſt to ſerve private families. There is an act of parliament to oblige fiſh-mongers to ſell brill, bret, or [...]mall turbot, not exceeding 16 inches from eye to tail, [32] for 6 d. a pound, under a penalty of 20 s. to the informer; for aſking more or refuſing to weigh or meaſure it, any perſon may ſeize the fiſh-monger, and deliver him to a conſtable, to carry him before a juſtice, who will not only fine him, but make him return the money. 33 Geo. 2. c. 27. But when turbit is in ſeaſon, as in May and June, one of 6 lb. weight may be bought at Billingſgate for 3 s. 6 d. or 4 s. other fiſh in proportion.

3. Mackrell, in June and July, are in great plenty, and may be bought at Billingſgate by the quarter of a hundred, for 2 d. or 3 d. a piece. Mackrell and herrings, if freſh, will look bright, their gills red, and their eyes clear. Mackrell are reckoned cheap at 4 d. or 5 d. each. If fiſh is firm, not flabby or ſlimy, the gills ruddy or bleeding, and the eyes bright, you may depend on it it is freſh; but if otherwiſe, not ſo. Salmon, when cut, ſhould look red and bleeding freſh.— But, put your noſe to the gills, and you will ſoon find if it is ſtale.

Thames ſalmon is always double the price of other ſalmon; not that it is better taſted, but being later out of the water, it can be crimped, which gives it a firmneſs. The price of ſea-ſalmon is from 9 d. to 3 s. a pound.

Lobſters and crabs ſhould always be bought alive.— Thoſe of the middling ſize are always the beſt. No overgrown animal food is delicious.

The average price of ſoals is about 1 s. a pound, though they are not ſold by the pound, but the pair. Herrings are bought for about 1 s. a dozen; whitings 2 s. a dozen; haddocks according to their ſize, for about 6 d. a pound. Large cod, at the deareſt time, may be purchaſed for about 1 s. or 1 s. 3 d. a pound; at the cheapeſt for one-third of the money. Skate at about 6 d. a pound, and barrel cod, in Lent, for about 6 d. a pound. If a family could diſpenſe with a quantity of ſalt fiſh, dried cod may be bought at the dry fiſh-mongers, in Thames-ſtreet, in winter, for about 5 s. for 28 lb. and barrel cod, or pickled ſalmon by the kit, at a very reaſonable price. The price of a barrel of the beſt oyſters, Colcheſter or Milton, is [33] 3s. 6 d. Dutch eels 4 d. or 6 d. a pound. Smelts from 2 s. a hundred to 5 s. Prawns from 1 s. 6 d. to 3 s. a hundred.

Freſh-water fiſh is in price as follows: Eels, jack, carp and perch, 1 s. a pound; trout and tench 1 s. 6 d. gudgeons 6 d. or 9 d. a dozen; flounders from 9 d. to 3 d. a piece, according to their ſize. Freſh-water fiſh are kept by fiſh-mongers, in ciſterns, and ſhould be bought alive.

Small turbots are eaſily diſtinguiſhed from Dutch plaice; for plaice have many yellow ſpots on their back, turbots have none.

Haddock may be known from ſmall cod, by two black ſpots, one on each ſhoulder. Small cod is a bad fiſh, but the haddock is a good one.

Half a kit of pickled ſalmon, neat weight about 16 lb. may be purchaſed at the dry fiſh-mongers, in Thames-ſtreet, in ſummer time, May, June, July, &c. for 9 s. and in September, &c. when it is equally good, for 5 s. In winter-time it will keep a long while.

BUTTER AND CHEESE.

1. FOR freſh butter, Leadenhall market is the beſt and cheapeſt in London. The beſt freſh lump butter, in ſummer, may be bought for 9 d. halfpenny or 10 d. a pound; in winter for 11 d. or 12 d. Epping butter, which is the fineſt in flavour, may be there bought for 2 d. a pound more than lump butter. Butter-ſhops ſell this for 1 s. 6 d. a pound.

2. In winter time, Cambridge and Dorſetſhire ſalt butter arrives freſh in London twice a week, and is within one penny or a halfpenny a pound as dear as freſh; but the beſt way for a family is to buy a half firkin, which weighs 28 lb. of the beſt Yorkſhire butter — This may be bought for 17 s. or 18 s. the half firkin, leſs than 8 d. a pound, and may be bought agreeable to the palate of the buyer; but when you taſte it, taſte a piece on the outſide, next the tub; if this is good, and free from any rankneſs, you may be certain the [34] middle is. But the middle ſhall often be ſweet, when the outſides are rank; and butter-men, knowing this, always give a taſte out of the middle. The Dorſetſhire butter, in tubs with broad hoops, weight about 80 lb. rather fetches the beſt price, but for keeping it is the beſt butter.

3. Bad butter is not to be mixed with good, on pain of forfeiting double the value. Buyers of butter ſhould ſet their mark on the tub, &c. and if the ſellers open the tubs, or put in other butter, after the tubs are thus marked, they are liable to a penalty of 10 s. for every hundred weight. Application to a magiſtrate. 13 & 14 Car. 2. c. 16. 4 and 5 W. & M. c. 7.

4. Every firkin of butter ſhall weigh 56 lb. without the caſk.

5. Cheeſe is always the better for keeping two or three years, provided it be kept dry. Families who like good old cheeſe ſhould buy it one year under another, as they do their wine, &c. Old cheeſe good for any thing can ſeldom be met with; and if it is, cheeſe-mongers aſk a large price for it. Cheeſe, a year and a half old, of the beſt dairies, (and the beſt is always the moſt delicious, and in the end the cheapeſt) can be bought from 4 d. halfpenny a pound to 6 d. In buying of this, every houſe-keeper ſhould pleaſe his own palate. Though decayed cheeſe will pleaſe many palates beſt, it may be bought a halfpenny, and ſometimes a penny a pound under the price of ſound cheeſe. Gloceſter cheeſe is generally a penny a pound under the price of Cheſhire.

6. In buying of bacon, the Wiltſhire is reckoned the beſt, and may be bought at capital ſhops for 6 d. halfpenny or 7 d. a pound, by the flitch: ſmall bacon, ſuch as weighs about 40 lb. the ſlitch, is the moſt delicate. In buying it, have the flitch cut through, and if the fat looks red, and the ſkin is thin, it will probably turn out well, and boil firm; but if you make an agreement, the ſeller will change it, if you diſlike it. Ruſty bacon looks brown when cut, particularly at the inſide edge.

7. You may judge of hams by running a knife into the body of them, and ſmelling them. Yorkſhire [35] hams are ſold for about 7 d. a pound, and Weſtmoreland hams for 7 d. halfpenny. Weſtmoreland hams are the higheſt flavoured. Dried and pickled tongues may be bought from 3 s. 6 d. to 4 s. 6 d. a piece, according to the ſize, at the oil and pickle-ſhops.

Weights and Meaſures.

8. All weights and meaſures belonging to perſons dealing by weight and meaſure, within the city of Weſtminſter and its liberties, ſhall be ſealed and marked by the proper officers; ſuch as are not ſo, may be deſtroyed by the jury of annoyance, and the owners ſhall be fined 40 s. 31 Geo. 2. c. 17.

9. The conſtable ſhall alſo ſearch for falſe weights and meaſures, and deſtroy ſuch as he finds. 22 C. 2. c. 8.

Whoever ſhall ſell by any other than a ſtamped weight, meaſure or yard, or keep any ſuch whereby any thing is bought or ſold, ſhall forfeit 5 s. on conviction before a juſtice, on oath of one witneſs. 16 C. c. 19.

10. If you buy of a barrow-woman, always purchaſe by your own weights and ſcales, or you will be cheated.

VEGETABLES.

PERSONS uſed to the country will not reliſh the vegetables and fruits generally ſold in London; ſuch perſons as wiſh for delicates of this kind; namely, young peas and beans, half-grown cucumbers, &c. and fruit with the bloom on, muſt not purchaſe the general run of the market, but either apply to a fruiterer in Covent-garden, or ſome of the gardeners there, a day or two before they are wanted; and then, by paying a little extra price, they may have ſuch things as they wiſh for.

BREWERS AND BEER.

[36]

1. SMALL beer may be bought of different qualitie and prices, from 10 s. a barrel to 16 s. each barrel 36 gallons; 14 s. a barrel is the general run; an [...] brewers, if applied to for the purpoſe, will lay in th [...] quantity a family may uſe throughout the year, in th [...] winter, and engage it ſhall keep good and freſh th [...] year round; if it turns four, they will take it back an [...] change it for ſuch as is not ſo; this is the beſt method of having good beer.

2. The only caution neceſſary on this head, is to tak [...] care that the barrels are full, and that you have you [...] quantity for your money, as it often works out and i [...] ſpilt in the carriage.

3. The ſervants of all theſe tradeſmen expect, and will call on you at Chriſtmas for a Chriſtmas-box, (which is a bad cuſtom and ought to be aboliſhed) as will the ſcavengers, duſt-men, poſt-man, watch-man, and beadle of the pariſh. To the watch-man it may not be a ſhilling ill diſpoſed of, as it may make him more attentive to ſee that your out-ſide ſhutters are faſt, keep noiſy women and others from your door, &c. but drink-money to others, or the ſervants of thoſe who will give nothing to yours, is money in my opinion ill beſtowed.

WINE.

1. MERCHANTS ſelling wines, who ſhall adulterate the ſame, or utter any adulterated wines, are liable to the penalty of 100 l. and retailers of mixed adulterated wine forfeit 50 l. 12 Car. 2. c. 25. 1 W. & M. c. 84. And yet this is conſtantly done.

2. Two hundred and thirty-one cubical inches ſhall be a wine gallon; 63 gallons a hogſhead, 126 gallons a butt or pipe, and 252 gallons a tun. 5 Ann. c. 27, 231.

[37]3. Private families, not dealing in foreign wine, muſt have a permit, as with ſpirits, with every quantity ſent to them above three gallons, ſpecifying the kind of wine, quantity, where bought, and the time allowed for conveying it, otherwiſe it is liable to be ſeized; but if your wine merchant omits to ſend ſuch permit with the wine, the loſs will be his. 26 Geo. 3. c. 59.

4. Private families, wiſhing to remove wine exceeding three gallons from one place to another, muſt apply to the exciſeman of their diſtrict (by a note in writing) from whence ſuch wines are to be removed, and on proving to the ſatisfaction of the collector or ſuperviſor of the ſaid diſtrict that the duties of the ſaid wines have been paid, (for which purpoſe it will be neceſſary to keep the permits and produce them) and at the ſame time ſpecifying the quantity of each ſort of foreign wine to be removed; ſaying whether it be French red wine or French white wine, or foreign white wine not French, or foreign red wine not French; alſo the number and contents of caſks, bottles, or veſſels containing the ſame; and likewiſe whether it is to be removed by water or by land, and by what mode of conveyance. Doing this, the ſuperviſor &c. ſhall grant a permit to remove the ſame without fee or reward, but limiting and expreſſing in that permit, the time within which it ſhall be removed, and delivered at the place where it is to be ſent. Wine ſent without ſuch permit is liable to be ſeized, as alſo the machine conveying it, and the horſes &c. drawing ſuch machine. Ibid.

5. And in caſe ſuch wine permitted to be removed, is not ſent away and actually delivered within the time expreſſed and limited in the permit, it ſhall be deemed to be removed without a permit, unleſs proved to the ſatisfaction of the commiſſioners of exciſe that ſuch wine, through unavoidable accidents, could not have been ſo delivered.

6. And ſhould any wine be ſeized, in conſequence of it's not being removed and delivered in time, the ſame ſhall be reſtored to the owner or perſon who had charge of it by the officer who ſeized it, if ſuch perſon ſhall enter into recognizance before a juſtice of the peace, reſiding near the place where it was ſeized, with [38] one ſufficient ſurety, engaging to prove within one month, to the ſatisfaction of the commiſſioners of exciſe, that ſuch wine, through unavoidable accident, could not have been ſo delivered; in which caſe the juſtice ſhall indorſe the permit and allow further time for the removal.

7. Where any permit is granted for the removal of wine, and the wine not ſent away in conſequence of it, the permit muſt be returned within the time limited for the removal of the wine, to the officer who granted it, on pain of forfeiting treble the value of the wine ſo deſigned to be removed, according to the beſt price it will fell for in London.

8. Forging a juſtice's certificate of a recognizance and indorſement, as before ſpecified, is a penalty of 500 l.

9. Licenſed auctioneers may ſell wine by auction, with leave of the commiſſioners of exciſe, on their proving, that all the duties for ſuch wine have been paid.

COALS AND OTHER FUEL.

1. THE price of coals in London is from 32 s. a chaldron to 50 s. In long froſts, they have riſen ſo high as 5 l. but, on an average, they may be bought in ſummer time at 33 s. or 34 s. a chaldron.— Houſe-keepers ſhould endeavour to lay them in at the cheapeſt time: there are advertiſing coal-merchants, who, for ready money, will ſell 39 buſhels for two or three ſhillings under the price that others ſell 38 buſhels for; but in dealing with theſe, and indeed with other ſellers, it is prudent to ſee the coals at the wharf, before they are ſent in; and when they are ſent in, to take care you have your meaſure, otherwiſe you may have your year's coals that will not burn, or pay a larger price for them than you expected. Good coals are generally large, black and ſhining: the Pontops are the beſt. If you truſt to your coal-merchant, with reſpect to the meaſurement, it will however be neceſſary [39] that the number of ſacks are counted when the coals are ſhot. Advertiſing coal-ſellers go often by fictitious names, to avoid the penalties for ſhort meaſure: it is proper, therefore, to be on your guard, particularly againſt thoſe.

2. By the ſeveral coal-acts paſſed this year, 1786, for the cities of London and Weſtminſter, and the Borough of Southwark, coal-meters are appointed to meaſure coals when firſt carted, and re-meaſure them afterwards, if the buyer requeſts it: the coal-meters office for the city of London and its liberties, is in Earl-ſtreet, Blackfriar's-bridge; that for Weſtminſter and its liberties at the bottom of Northumberland-ſtreet, in the Strand; and thoſe for the Borough of Southwark and its diſtricts at Marigold-ſtairs, Surry-ſide of Blackfriar's-bridge, and at the Sun and Hat-Block, in the Maize, Tooley-ſtreet. Theſe offices are open all day, to hear complaints and give redreſs.

3. Coals, when taken out of the barge, and ſold as wharf-meaſure, are to be meaſured in the preſence of a coal-meter. The ſeller to pay 4 d. a chaldron for meaſuring, which the buyer is to re-pay, on a ticket of ſuch meaſurement being produced by the carman, under the penalty of 10 s. for the carter not delivering ſuch ticket. But when brought in, if the buyer declares himſelf diſſatisfied with the meaſure, the driver of the cart ſhall not depart, till a coal-meter can be procured from the above offices to re-meaſure them, on pain of his forfeiting 20 s. and the owner of the cart 5 l.

4. The carman ſhall be paid 2 s. 6 d. an hour for the time he waits, and the meaſurer ſhall be paid 6 d. for meaſuring each chaldron, by the buyer; but if, on re-meaſuring, they are found deficient, the ſeller ſhall pay the expences of re-meaſuring, and alſo forfeit 5 l. a buſhel for every buſhel deficient, and forfeit the chaldron of coals to the poor; the meter ſhall forfeit 5 l. a buſhel, and the coal-porter that meaſured them 2 s. 6 d. a buſhel.

5. But to ſave the half-crown an hour paid for waiting, it is beſt to appoint a meter to attend at the time you expect the coals. If families would keep a [40] buſhel-meaſure, and one may be bought for 7 s. 6 d. a ſack or two of the coals might be meaſured without much trouble.

6. A labouring coal-meter, delivering tickets for coals which he was not preſent at the meaſuring of, ſhall forfeit 40s. and be incapacitated, and the principal ſhall forfeit 5 l. if the 40s. penalty is not paid by the labouring meter in one month.

7. A carter fraudulently delivering, or ſuffering coals to be taken from his cart, ſhall forfeit 40 s. or be whipped and impriſoned from one to three months.

8. To puniſh offences, application muſt be made to a magiſtrate.

9. All contracts for coals, not being leſs than five chaldrons, ſhall be for pool-meaſure, including the ingrain or addition of one chaldron in twenty, though the term of pool-meaſure ſhall not be mentioned in the contract; that is, nine buſhels or three ſacks ſhall be given in with every five chaldrons, (though ſellers now, if you buy but one chaldron, will profeſs to give you 38 buſhels). 19 Geo. 2. c. 35.

10. Wharfingers bribing a coal-meter ſhall forfeit 50 l.

11. Sacks ſhall be, when empty, four feet long, and two feet wide; and none other ſhall be uſed, on pain of the wharfinger's forfeiting 5 l. and the coal-meter 40 s.

12. Scotch coal is always in large pieces, and is bought by the [...]wt. at about 40 s. a ton. This burns free, and to a white aſh, of courſe clean burning, but is not ſo durable as Newcaſtle coals.

13. Charcoal is ſold retail at 1 s. 4 d. a buſhel, or 3 s. a ſack, that is three buſhels; but if had from the country, by the load, which is 60 ſacks, it may be bought for 2 s. 6 d. a ſack.

14. Billet-wood may be bought at the wharfs for 40 s. or two guineas a load, delivered home any where on the ſtones; a load conſiſts of 300 pieces or billets.

Billet-wood, (except beech-wood) ſhall be three feet four inches long, and meaſure ſeven inches in circumference, in the ſmalleſt girth, on pain of forfeiting them to the poor. 9 Ann. c. 18.

[41]15. All faggots to be ſold, ſhall contain in compaſs, beſides the knot of the bond, 24 inches of aſſize; and every faggot-ſtick, within the bond, ſhall be three feet long, except one ſtick of one foot in length, to harden the binding. 43 Eliz. c. 14.

CANDLES.

1. THE average price of dipped candles are 8 s. 4 d. a dozen; of mould candles, 9 s. 4 d. But there are tallow-chandlers, that, on taking a box of candles half one and half the other, will ſell the whole at 8 s. 4 d. and for ready money will allow five per cent. diſcount.

2. To be white they ſhould be one year old; but if they are older, they will gutter.

3. The beſt wax-candles are to be bought for 2 s. 10 d. a pound. There are people who advertiſe them at 2 s. 6 d. but ſuch are mixed with tallow.

4. Train-oil, for out-door lamps, is 3 s. a gallon; and ſpermaceti-oil for chambers 4 s. a gallon: to be bought of the oil-men.—Note, One lamp burns about a halfpenny worth of ſpermaceti-oil in an hour.

HAIR-DRESSERS

MAY be had at all prices, from 7 s. a month to one guinea, attendance daily; and frequently thoſe at 7 s. will dreſs better, and more expeditiouſly, than others who demand a larger price.

TAYLORS.

ADvertiſing taylors always make up your cloaths ſcanty, piece them, and make them of inferior materials; of courſe they can afford them cheaper.

[42]2. No perſon ſhall uſe or wear on any cloaths (velvet excepted) any buttons or button-holes covered of the ſtuff that the cloaths are made of, on pain of 40 s. a dozen, on conviction, on the oath of one witneſs, in one month after the offence, half to the informer.— But perſons aggrieved may appeal to the next quarter-ſeſſions, giving eight day's notice. 7 Geo. ſt. 1. c. 12.

3. No perſon ſhall uſe or wear, in any apparel, any foreign printed or dyed callicoe, except ſuch as is dyed all blue, on pain of forfeiting 5 l. to the informer, nor uſe any in houſehold-furniture, on pain of 20 l. 7 G. ſt. 1. c. 7.

SHOE-MAKERS.

BEST beſpoke ſhoes, if not bound, and the heels not ſtitched, may be had for 8 s. a pair; if bound and ſtitched, 8 s. 6 d. Beſt made boots, from 27 s. to a guinea and a half a pair.

Women's beſpoke calimanco ſhoes from 5 s. 6 d. to 6 s. 6 d. a pair; Morocco leather 7 s. 6 d. ſattin 10 s. 6 d. though ſome will charge 15 s.

LEATHER-BREECHES MAKERS.

THE beſt makers, according to their cuſtomers, charge from 1 l. 11 s. 6 d. to two guineas a pair. Thoſe who make for leſs money, make them of bad ſkins, rough and full of ſhot-holes, which, when brought home, the eye will not perceive.

STAY-MAKERS

CHARGE from one guinea and a half, for women's ſtays, to two guineas and a half, according to their cuſtomers.

LAUNDRESSES,

[48]

IN London, charge as reaſonably for waſhing, as in the country; and families who put out their linen would do well to employ a laundreſs living a little way out of town. Such perſons are to be found, who will ſend for the linen once a week, and bring it home again; for where there are good conveniencies for drying, the linen muſt certainly be better got up. See Pawn-brokers.

MARKETING TABLES.

A TABLE to ſhew if ſo much per YARD, OUNCE, &c. how much for any Number of the ſame.

12.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.
f.d. f.d. f.d. f.d. f.d. f.d. f.d. f.d. f.d. f.d. f.d. f.
10 20 31 01 11 21 32 02 12 22 33 0
21 01 22 02 23 03 24 04 25 05 26 0
31 22 13 03 34 25 16 06 37 28 19 0

113.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.28.
f.d. f.d. f.d. f.s. d. f.s. d. f.s. d. f.s. d. f.s. d. f.s. d. f.
13 13 23 30 4 00 4 10 4 20 4 30 5 00 7 0
26 27 07 20 8 00 8 20 9 00 9 20 10 01 2 0
39 310 211 11 0 01 0 31 1 21 2 11 3 01 9 0

[44]

1.2.3.4.5.6 *.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.28.112.
d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.s. d.l. s. d.l. s. d.l. s. d.
10 20 30 40 50 61 11 21 31 41 51 61 70 1 80 2 40 9 4
20 40 60 80 101 02 22 42 62 82 103 03 20 3 40 4 80 18 8
30 60 91 01 31 63 33 63 94 04 34 64 90 5 00 7 01 8 0
40 81 01 41 82 04 44 85 05 45 86 06 40 6 80 9 41 17 4
50 101 31 82 12 65 55 106 36 87 17 67 110 8 40 11 82 6 8
61 01 62 02 63 06 67 07 68 08 69 09 60 10 00 14 02 16 0
71 21 92 42 113 67 78 28 99 49 1110 611 10 11 80 16 43 5 4
81 42 02 83 44 08 89 410 010 811 412 012 80 13 40 18 83 14 8
91 62 33 03 94 69 910 611 312 012 913 614 30 15 01 1 04 4 0
101 82 63 44 25 010 1011 812 613 414 215 015 100 16 81 3 44 13 4
111 102 93 84 75 611 1112 1013 914 815 716 617 50 18 41 5 85 2 8
122 03 04 05 06 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 01 0 01 8 05 12 0

[45]A TABLE to ſhew, if ſo much per pound, how much per ſtone, &c.—The Stone 8 lb.

Lb.Stone.Quarter.Cwt.
d. f.s. d.l. s. d.l. s. d.
0 10 20 0 70 2 4
0 20 40 1 20 4 8
0 30 60 1 90 7 0
1 00 80 2 40 9 4
2 01 40 4 80 18 8
3 02 00 7 01 8 0
4 02 80 9 41 17 4
5 03 40 11 82 6 8
6 04 00 14 02 16 0
7 04 80 16 43 5 4
8 05 40 18 83 14 8
9 06 01 1 04 4 0
10 06 81 3 44 13 4
11 07 41 5 85 2 8
12 08 01 8 05 12 0

By Addition and Multiplication, you may make theſe anſwer any Price from 1 s. to 5 l. and upwards.

[46]A TABLE to ſhew, if ſo much per 12 lb. how muc [...] per quarter, ſtone, &c.—The Stone 14 lb.

Sh.Quarter.Stone.Half St.Lb.
s.l. s. d.s. d. fs. d. f.d. f.
10 0 30 1 20 0 3 
20 0 60 3 00 1 2 
30 0 90 4 20 2 10 1
40 1 00 6 00 3 00 1
50 1 30 7 20 3 30 2
60 1 60 9 00 4 20 2
70 1 90 10 20 5 10 3
80 2 01 0 00 6 00 3
90 2 31 1 20 6 31 0
100 2 61 3 00 7 21 0
200 5 02 6 01 3 02 0
300 7 63 9 01 10 23 0
400 10 05 0 02 6 04 2
500 12 66 3 03 1 25 1
600 15 07 6 03 9 06 1
700 17 68 9 04 4 27 2
801 0 010 0 05 0 08 2
901 2 611 3 05 7 29 2
1001 5 012 6 06 3 010 2

Fractions are here unneceſſary.

SERVANTS.

[47]

1. IN the choice of ſervants, a houſe-keeper cannot be too particular. London is ſo much the ſink of vice, that the lower claſs of people are very much corrupted. Thoſe brought from the country are ſoon infected with the diſſolute manners of town-ſervants, and become equally bad with them. To expect attachment from a ſervant is idle, and betrays an ignorance of the world. Servants will now and then affect it, in order to gain the confidence of their employers, and thus forward their own intereſt; but, if we ſuppoſe them in our intereſt, it is becauſe we do not thoroughly know them. Economy in a family, ſervants do not like. The more extravagant a maſter or miſtreſs is, the better they live, and the more they can purloin; and ſhould, what they call, a generous maſter or miſtreſs fail in the world, owing to a waſte or an inattention to domeſtic concerns, they will cry to their fellow-ſervants, "It is a pity! he was a good-natured generous man!—Come, let us go look for another place!" This being conſidered, we are to expect nothing from them but a performance of their duty, keep them whilſt they do it, and diſcharge them when they neglect it.

2. The firſt thing, then, is to endeavour to get good ones, if we do not bring them out of the country with us. There are, in different parts of the town, regiſter-offices, or places where ſervants of all denominations attend at certain hours, and where a maſter may ſee them, at the expence of one ſhilling, and hire them; or, by ſending a ſhilling to the keepers of ſuch offices, and a deſcription of the ſervant wanted, they will ſend you one, day after day, till you are ſuited; but as it is the refuſe of ſervants in general that apply to theſe offices, you muſt not take the recommendation of the office-keeper, who is paid alſo by the ſervant for procuring the place; nor any written character; for ſuch [...]hings in London are procured from friends, and often [...]orged; nay ſervants of bad character will often go further, [48] they will refer you to perſons ſeemingly of credit, who perhaps know little of them. It is proper therefore, that the maſter or miſtreſs ſhould apply for the character themſelves, make ſome enquiry concerning the perſon they apply to, and aſk all thoſe queſtions they think neceſſary. There are few ſervant-maids in London, or indeed in the country, but what are whores; it is perhaps an uncharitable ſuppoſition, but it is nevertheleſs true. To expect, therefore, to meet with an innocent virtuous girl, is next to impoſſible; it is ſufficient if ſhe is orderly, and conducts herſelf with decorum. If a houſe-keeper cannot get a ſervant recommended by a friend, or ſome tradeſman with whom he deals, ſuch as the baker, butcher, poulterer, green-grocer, tallow-chandler, publican, or the like, I would recommend papers deſcribing the ſervant wanted, and where to apply, being ſent or left at the chandler's ſhops in the neighbourhood, which ſeldom fails of ſucceſs; others will have recourſe to advertiſements in the public newſpapers, an inſertion for which, once, coſts 3 s. 6 d. If this mode is adopted, the beſt paper to advertiſe in is the Daily Advertiſer in Fleet-ſtreet, which is taken in by almoſt all the publicans in London. Such an advertiſement will bring you ſcores of ſervants; and here you muſt be very careful in your choice, and particular as to character; for an advertiſement will bring with the good a number of diſreputable people.

3. The general wages of ſervants are as follow:— Steward, valet, butler, 30 l. a-year; women-cooks, 1 [...] l. lady's-maids, from 12 l. to 20 l. inferior women ſervants, from 7 l. to 9 l. foot-men 14 l. and a livery: women-ſervants to provide their own tea and ſugar.— Board-wages of an upper ſervant 10 s. 6 d. a week, with fire and candle, and 7 s. a week to an under-ſervant.

4. They generally agree for a month's wages, or a month's warning, which is a bad method; as there are few ſervants, when warning is given, but will be very impertinent and untractable, it is far the beſt, when you mean to part with them, to get rid of them at once, be it ever ſo inconvenient: by enquiry an honeſt chairwoman, [49] to ſupply the place of a woman-ſervant, may be procured for 1 s. a day. If ſuch are hired to waſh, their wages are larger: 1 s. 6 d. with tea and a dram twice a day, and ſtrong beer at dinner and ſupper; but for this they ſlave hard, will begin work at two in the morning, and continue it till nine the next evening. If ſuch a perſon is wanted, employ none of your own ſervant's recommending, but apply for their character to thoſe houſe-keepers who have employed them, and on whom you can better rely.

5. Women cooks, and ſervants of all work, when they hire themſelves, will endeavour to get the kitchen-ſtuff allowed them as a perquiſite; if you would not be robbed, never comply with this; nor allow your coachman the old wheels; for as the one will, to ſerve herſelf, ſtrip your meat of its fat, melt more butter than neceſſary, and convey the ends of candles, &c. into the greaſe-pot, to increaſe its weight; ſo will the other often injure the wheels, if they are likely to laſt too long.

6. If you deliver into the cuſtody of ſervants, plate, china, linen, &c. to keep; and tell them, before witneſs, they muſt be reſponſible for it; if they loſe any part of it, the law will oblige them, as far as they are able, to make it good; but not elſe: to enable them, therefore, to pay for any thing miſſing, it is adviſeable to keep part of their wages in hand. As they are hired by the year, they ſhould always be paid one half year under another, reſerving half-a-year in hand. As to breaking of china, &c. you cannot compel a ſervant to pay for it, unleſs it was ſo agreed on the hiring, or done deſignedly.

7. To avoid diſputes reſpecting wages, it is prudent to have the agreement in writing, and a receipt for what you pay; for (ſorry am I to ſay it) this claſs of people make as little ceremony of taking a falſe oath, where there is no proof to the contrary, as of telling a lie.

Diſputes with ſervants, about wages under [...]0 l. and other things, if they cannot amicably be ſettled, ſhould be referred to a neighbouring magiſtrate, who is authoriſed to hear the complaint and redreſs it; the expence [50] but trifling; but the wages of coachmen, grooms, and the like, magiſtrates can take no cognizance of.

8. Where ſervants are hired for a year, they cannot be put away before the expiration of that term, without ſome reaſonable cauſe to be allowed by one juſtice; nor after the end of the term, without a quarter's warning given before witneſs; if a maſter diſcharges a ſervant otherwiſe, he is liable to a penalty of 40 s.— 5 Eliz. c. 4.

If a ſervant refuſe to ſerve his term, he may be committed till he give ſecurity to ſerve the time; or he may be ſent to the houſe of correction, and puniſhed there as a diſorderly perſon. 5 Eliz. c. 4. 7 Jac. c. 4.

A yearly ſervant is not to be diſcharged by reaſon of ſickneſs, or any other diſability by the act of God; not may his wages for thoſe cauſes be abated. Dalt. 129. All hiring without ſtipulation of time is, ſtrictly ſpeaking, hiring for a year, and the law ſo conſtrues it.

Both maſter and ſervant may however part by mutual conſent, and then the allowance of the cauſe by a juſtice of peace is not neceſſary. A maſter's detaining wages, or not allowing ſufficient meat, drink, &c. is good cauſe for a ſervant's departure; but it muſt be allowed by a juſtice. Dalt.

If a ſervant, hired for a term, quits his ſervice before the end of his term, he loſes all his wages; but if the maſter puts him away, he ſhall be paid to the time he ſerved.

A woman-ſervant who marries is obliged to ſerve out her time; and if both man and wife agree to ſerve, they muſt perform the agreement. Dalt. 92.

If a ſervant be retained for a year, according to the ſtatute 5 Eliz. c. 4, and the maſter die within that time, the executor muſt pay the wages; but not ſo if the retainer was not for a year.

A ſervant hired at a month's wages, or a month's warning, cannot quit his place, nor be diſcharged, a day before the expiration of the month, without the whole month's wages be paid, unleſs by the authority of a juſtice, for ſome reaſonable complaint. If a ſervant, after warning given, is inſolent, or refuſes to do his duty, a magiſtrate, on complaint, will commit him [51] to priſon, for the time he has to ſerve; but the maſter will be ordered to pay him his wages whilſt there.

9. If a ſervant or workman aſſault his maſter or miſtreſs, or any other having charge over them, he may be bound to his good behaviour, or be committed for a year, or leſs, at the diſcretion of two magiſtrates. 5 Eliz. c. 4. ſ. 21.

10. If any ſervant ſhall purloin, or make away with his maſter's goods, to the value of 40 s. it is felony.— 12 Ann. c. 7.

11. Should a woman with child procure herſelf to be retained with a maſter for a term, who knows nothing thereof, this is good cauſe to diſcharge her from her ſervice; if ſhe prove with child during her ſervice it is the ſame; but if he does not diſcharge her before a magiſtrate, when he knows of it, and keeps her on, he muſt provide for her till her delivery, and one month after, and then ſhe is to be ſent to her place of ſettlement. Dalt.

12. A ſervant ſetting fire careleſsly to a houſe, is liable to pay, on the oath of one witneſs, a hundred pounds to the ſufferer, or be committed to hard labour for 18 months. 14 Geo. 3. c. 78.

13. By the 25th of Geo. 3. c. 43, every perſon keeping one male-ſervant, ſhall pay annually for him

 £. 15
Keeping 2 men-ſervants ſhall pay15 each.
3 or 4 ditto,110 ditto.
5, 6, and 7,115 ditto.
8, 9, and 10,20 ditto.
11 and upwards,30 ditto.

Every man aged 21 and upwards, and a batchelor, ſhall pay an additional one pound five ſhillings for every male ſervant he keeps. Ibid. ſ. 3.

Theſe duties are to extend to ſervants of the following deſcriptions, viz. maitre d'hotel, houſe ſteward, maſter of the horſe, groom of the chamber, valet de chambre, butler, under butler, clerk of the kitchen, confectioner, cook, houſe porter, footman, running footman, coachman, groom, poſtilion, ſtable boy, helpers in ſtables, gardeners not being day labourers, park-keepers, gamekeeper, huntſman, whipper-in, waiters [52] at taverns, coffeehouſes, inns, alehouſes, or any other houſes licenſed to ſell wine, beer, ale, or other liquors, by retail, (other than occaſional waiters) or by whatever name or names male ſervants acting in any of ſaid capacities ſhall be called. Ibid. ſ. 4.

Every perſon keeping a woman ſervant, ſhall pay annually, for one, 2s. 6d. for two, 5s. each, for three or more, 10s. each. Ibid.

A batchelor in all caſes pays double theſe duties. Ib.

Servants employed bona fide for the purpoſes of huſbandry, farming, dairy, or manufacture, or of any trade by which the maſter or miſtreſs gain a livelihood, excepted. Ibid. ſ. 6.

Such perſons as ſhall have living in their houſes two or more lawful children, or grand-children, under 14 years of age, ſhall be allowed one woman ſervant duty free; ſuch as have four children ſhall be allowed two women ſervants, and ſuch as have ſix, three women ſervants. Thus, he who has four children pays but 2s. 6d. for the third ſervant, if he keeps three; if he has four ſervants, he pays 5s. each for two. Ib. ſ. 13.

Female ſervants under the age of 14, or above 60, are not to be aſſeſſed; pariſh certificates of the age to be produced. Ibid. ſ. 14.

No duty is to be paid for any ſervant employed for the purpoſe of huſbandry, manufactures or trade.

Pariſh apprentices impoſed on maſters or miſtreſſes to the number of two, ſhall be allowed, unleſs they are employed as livery ſervants, or in the capacity of other ſervants. Ibid. ſ. 8.

Coachmen, grooms, poſtilions, or helpers, let out to hire by way of job, ſhall be paid for by thoſe who employ them. Gardeners alſo, who ſhall contract for keeping any garden in order, ſhall be paid for by thoſe who employ them. Ibid. ſ. 7.

Every officer of horſe under the rank and not receiving the pay of a field-officer, is to be allowed one man ſervant, whether ſuch ſervant is a private ſoldier in his regiment or not. Ibid. ſ. 11.

Every officer without diſtinction in the land ſervice, of every deſcription, including marines, who employs ſome ſoldier of the regiment or company to which he [53] belongs as a ſervant, and every officer in the navy under the rank of a maſter and commander, in actual ſervice, who employs one ſailor as a ſervant, that is actually born upon the books of the ſhip to which ſuch officer belongs, are for ſuch ſervants exempt from this duty. Ibid.

Diſabled officers on half-pay are to be allowed one ſervant on application to the commiſſioners and proof given. Ibid. ſ. 12.

The window and houſe-tax collectors to collect theſe duties, and the duties to be paid quarterly. Ibid.

Aſſeſſors ſhall give or leave notice in writing yearly, at the dwelling-houſes of all maſters and miſtreſſes within their diſtrict, requiring them to prepare and produce, within 14 days from ſuch notice, ſeparate liſts in writing of all their men and women ſervants, their chriſtian and ſirnames, and the capacity in which they are employed, ſuch liſt to contain the greateſt number of ſervants, male and female, retained by ſuch maſter or miſtreſs, at any one time in the year, ending on the 5th of April preceding ſuch notice, to be ſigned by the maſter or miſtreſs, and to be delivered to the aſſeſſors who is to call for it; and if ſuch liſt be refuſed or neglected to be delivered, then the aſſeſſors are to proceed to make out, from the information they can get, an aſſeſſment of their own, from which there ſhall be no appeal, unleſs the perſon to aſſeſſed ſhall prove that they were not at home from the time of notice to the day for the delivery of the liſts to the aſſeſſors, or ſhall aſſign ſome other ſubſtantial cauſe ſatisfactory to the commiſſioners, Ibid. ſ. 26.

All maſters or miſtreſſes muſt accompany their liſts with a declaration, whether they mean to pay for any, and how many ſervants, in any other place or pariſh, and to ſpecify in what place or places. S. 28.

As this is an annual tax, if a perſon keeps at any one time two ſervants, for example, and enters theſe two, that is, aſſerts in his written notice that he had two before the 5th of April, ſhould one of theſe ſervants quit his ſervice a month afterwards, he muſt pay for the two, till 5th April following.

[54]If aſſeſſors diſcover any deficiency in the liſts delivered to them, they may ſurcharge or add to thoſe liſts S. 29.

Perſons refuſing or neglecting to furniſh the liſts and declarations required as above, forfeit 10 l. S. 32.

All ſervants omitted in the ſaid liſts, and added in the ſurcharge, are to be rated double; one half of which ſhall go to the aſſeſſor or ſurveyor ſo ſurcharging them, S. 33.

Every perſon having a lodger in his houſe keeping a ſervant or ſervants, muſt on a week's notice deliver liſts ſimilar to thoſe required of houſekeepers, with the addition of the chriſtian and ſirname of the lodger, as well as of his ſervants, under the penalty of 10 l. Ib. ſ. 34.

Appeals for redreſs muſt be made to the commiſſioners; and perſons diſſatisfied with their deciſions may reſort to a judge of the court of King's-Bench, as in the act on Windows, which ſee. S. 35, 39.

14. If you never deal with tradeſmen upon credit, ſhould your ſervants to whom you give money to purchaſe things, put the money in their pockets, and order them to be ſet down to you, you are not obliged to pay for them; but if you ſometimes ſend money, and ſometimes deal upon credit, though you ſhould ſend the money for any article, if your ſervant does not pay it, you will be obliged to pay it again; for your tradeſman cannot be ſuppoſed to know whether the money was ſent or not.

15. If you would avoid being robbed, never ſuffer your ſervants to take acquaintances down into the kitchen with them. Many inſtances have occurred where villains have made acquaintance with incautious ſervants, purpoſely to find a method of breaking into the houſe, and learning what there is worth coming for.

16. To ſave trouble to the maſter and ſervants, where many are not kept, it is a good method to have in your ſitting room, near the bell, a paper poſted, with the neceſſary articles on it, in diviſions, that are chiefly wanted, ſuch as, Coals, Candles, Beer, Water, Broom, Lay the Cloth, Go to the Door, &c. with a pin, to [55] which a line is fixed with a lead going down into the kitchen to a ſimilar paper fixed there; then, by fixing this pin in a hole in either of the diviſions above, the weight will drop or riſe to the ſame diviſion below. Do this before you ring your bell, and order your ſervant to look at the index; ſhe will then know what is wanted before ſhe comes, and bring it with her. The expence of this index is trifling.

17. It may alſo in ſome families be worth while to have a line from the parlour to the ſtreet door, to open it without going out of the parlour. This, where there is but one ſervant, ſaves a great deal of trouble.

[56]A TABLE to ſhew, if ſo much per Year, how much per Month.

Per Year. Per Month.Per Week.Per Day.
£. l. s. d.l. s. d. f.l. s. d. f.
1is0 1 80 0 4 20 0 0 3
20 3 40 0 9 10 0 1 1
30 5 00 1 1 30 0 2 0
40 6 80 1 6 20 0 2 3
50 8 40 1 11 00 0 3 1
60 10 00 2 3 20 0 4 0
70 11 80 2 8 20 0 4 3
80 13 40 3 1 20 0 5 1
90 15 00 3 5 20 0 6 2
100 16 80 3 10 00 0 6 0
201 13 40 7 8 00 1 1 0
302 10 00 11 6 00 1 7 0
403 6 80 15 4 00 2 2 2
504 3 40 19 2 00 2 8 1
605 0 01 3 0 00 3 3 2
705 16 81 6 10 00 3 10 2
806 13 41 10 8 00 4 4 0
907 10 01 14 6 00 4 11 1
1008 6 81 18 4 00 5 5 0
20016 13 43 16 8 00 10 11 3
30025 0 05 15 0 00 16 5 3
40033 6 87 13 4 01 1 11 2
50041 13 49 11 8 01 7 4 1
60050 0 011 10 0 01 12 10 0
70058 6 813 8 4 01 18 4 2
80066 13 415 6 8 02 3 10 1
90075 0 017 5 0 02 9 3 0
100083 6 819 3 4 02 14 9 2

[57]A TABLE to ſhew, if ſo much per Day, how much per Week, &c.

Per Day. Per Week.Per Month.Per Year.
l. s. d.l. s. d.l. s. d.l. s. d.
0 0 1is0 0 70 2 41 10 5
0 0 20 1 20 4 83 0 10
0 0 30 1 90 7 04 11 3
0 0 40 2 40 9 46 1 8
0 0 50 2 110 11 87 12 1
0 0 60 3 60 14 09 2 6
0 0 70 4 10 16 410 12 1
0 0 80 4 80 18 812 3 4
0 0 90 5 31 1 013 13 9
0 0 100 5 101 3 415 4 4
0 0 110 6 51 5 416 14 7
0 1 00 7 01 8 018 5 0
0 2 00 14 02 16 036 10 0
0 3 01 1 04 4 054 15 0
0 4 01 8 05 12 073 0 0
0 5 01 15 07 0 091 5 0
0 6 02 2 08 8 0109 10 0
0 7 02 9 09 16 0127 15 0
0 8 02 16 011 4 0146 0 0
0 9 03 3 012 12 0164 5 0
0 10 03 10 014 0 0182 10 0
1 0 07 0 028 0 0365 0 0

PARISH-OFFICERS, JURYMEN, AND MILITIA

[58]

Pariſh-Officers.

1. EVERY ſubſtantial houſe-keeper, living in the pariſh, is liable to be choſen church-warden, a a veſtry in Eaſter-week, except peers, members of parliament, the clergy, counſellors, attornies, apothecaries who have ſerved ſeven years, freemen of the corporation of ſurgeons in London, diſſenting teachers and preachers, and private men perſonally ſerving for themſelves in the militia, during the time of ſuch ſervice. 6 W. c. 4. 18 Geo. 2. c. 15. 1 W. ſeſſ. 1. c. 18. 10 & 11 W. c. 22. 2 Geo. 3. c. 20. 2 Roll's Abr. 272. No woman can ſerve. E. 10 Ann. Vin. Tit. Poor. A.

2. All perſons who have proſecuted a felon to conviction, ſhall be exempted from the office of church-warden or overſeer in the pariſh where the offence was committed; and the judge's certificate of having done this may be once aſſigned over; and the aſſignee ſhall have the ſame privilege. 10 & 11 W. c. 23. This is called a Tyburn ticket.

3. In moſt pariſhes, ſuch as object to ſerve the office may get off for a fine of about 10 l. as they may from that of overſeer or conſtable.

4. Every ſubſtantial houſekeeper is alſo liable to be choſen overſeer for the poor, except the peers, the clergy, freemen of the corporation of ſurgeons in London, perſons proſecuting a felon to conviction (in the pariſh where the felony was committed) or his aſſignee, and a private militia-man during the time he ſerves.

5. Every male houſekeeper reſident in the pariſh is liable to ſerve the office of conſtable, except the clergy, counſellors, and captains of the king's guard, members of parliament and their ſervants, juſtices of peace, phyſicians and ſurgeons, apothecaries, aldermen of London, proſecutors of felons, militia-men, idiots, poor, old and rich perſons. Perſons unwilling to act may appoint a deputy.

[59]6. Conſtables of London are obliged to place the king's arms and the arms of the city over their doors, and if they reſide in alleys, at the end of each alley toward the ſtreet, to teſtify that a conſtable lives there.

7. Perſons refuſing to ſerve the office of conſtable in Weſtminſter forfeit 81. and no perſon is to ſerve more than once in ſeven years. 29 Geo. 2. c. 25.

8. Conſtables in the city of London miſbehaving, ſhall forfeit 20 s. the Lord Mayor or two city magiſtrates may hear complaints. 10 Geo. 2. c. 22.

Jury-men.

9. In the courts of London and city of Weſtminſter, jurors ſhall be houſeholders within the city, and have lands, tenements, or perſonal eſtates, to the value of 100 l. 3 Geo. 2. c. 25.

Leaſeholders in the county of Middleſex, where the improved rent or value ſhall amount to 50 l. a-year, over and above the ground-rent or other reſervations, ſhall be liable to ſerve on juries. 4 Geo. 2. c. 7.

In towns corporate, trials of felons ſhall be by men worth 40 l. in goods, though they have no freehold. 23 Hen. 8. c. 23.

10. Perſons under 21 years of age, old men above 70, perſons continually ſick or diſeaſed at the time of ſummons, or not dwelling in the county; ſurgeons, freemen of the company in London; apothecaries free of the company, clergymen, diſſenting teachers, and quakers, are by ſeveral acts exempt from ſerving,

11. Conſtables are to return liſts of proper perſons qualified to ſerve on juries, under the penalty of 5 l. If they wilfully omit perſons properly qualified, they forfeit 20 s. 3 Geo. 2. c. 25. Theſe liſts to be fixed on the pariſh church-doors and chapels, twenty days before Michaelmas, on two or more Sundays, and a duplicate left with the church-warden or overſeer, to be peruſed by the pariſhioners, without fee. 3 Geo. 2. c. 25.

12. And if any perſon not qualified finds his name mentioned in ſuch liſt, and the perſon required to make ſuch liſt ſhall refuſe to eraſe it, or think it doubtful, whether it ſhould be omitted or not, the juſtices [60] at the ſeſſions, to which the liſts ſhall be returned, or ſatisfaction from the oath of the party complaining, o [...] other proof that he is not qualified, may order hi [...] name to be ſtruck out. Ibid.

13. Every ſummons of a juror ſhall be made by the ſheriff or his officer, ſix days before he is to attend ſhewing the perſon ſo ſummoned the warrant, under the ſeal of the office; and if ſuch juror be abſent from home, notice of the ſummons ſhall be left in writing, 7 & 8 W. c. 32.

14. No perſons ſhall be returned as jurors, at the county of Middleſex, at any ſeſſions of niſi prius, who hath been returned in the two terms or vacations next before, on pain of the ſheriff being fined 5 l. 4 G. 2. c. 7.

15. The inhabitants of the city and liberty of Weſtminſter ſhall be exempted from ſerving on any jury, at the ſeſſions for Middleſex, by reaſon of their attendance at Weſtminſter-hall. 7 & 8 W. c. 32.

16. Special jury-men are allowed one guinea for their attendance. 24 Geo. 2. c. 18.

17. If a jury-man be called, and (being preſent) refuſe to appear, or, having appeared, withdraw himſelf before he be ſworn, the court may fine him at diſcretion. 35 H. 8. c. 6.

A jury-man ſummoned and not appearing, and ſerving in any court of record in the city of London, after being openly called three times, ſhall (without reaſonable excuſe) on oath, be fined from 20 s. to 40 s. 29 Geo. 2. c. 19.

18. If a jury-man eats or drinks after the evidence given, before the verdict is given in, without leave of the court, he is fineable. 1 Inſt. 227.

19. No juror ſhall caſt lot for his verdict, on pain of being fined, and the verdict ſet aſide. 3 Keb. 805 2 Jones, 83.

Militia.

20. Conſtables are to give in proper liſts of perſons fit to ſerve in the militia, without partiality, on pain of forfeiting from 40 s. to 5 l. and one month's impriſonment. 2 Geo. 3. c. 20.

[61]21. Perſons endeavouring to prevail on any conſtable or other officer, by gratuity or otherwiſe, to leave out of a liſt any name that ought to be returned, forfeit for every offence 50 l.; and any perſon refuſing to tell his chriſtian name and ſirname, or that of any man lodging within his or her houſe, to the officer authorized to demand the ſame, forfeits 10 l. Ibid.

22. All men from eighteen to forty-five years of age are to be returned. Ibid.

23. Perſons exempted from ſerving and providing ſubſtitutes, are peers of the realm, commiſſioned officers in his Majeſty's ſervice, non-commiſſioned officers and private men ſerving his Majeſty, commiſſioned officers ſerving, or who have ſerved four years in the militia, members of either of the univerſities, clergymen, licenſed teachers of any ſeparate congregations, conſtables or other ſuch pariſh officers, articled clerks, apprentices, ſeamen or ſea-faring men, perſons muſtering and doing duty in any of his Majeſty's dock-yards, perſons free of the watermen's company. perſons employed and muſtered at the Tower of London, Woolwich Warren, and at the Gun wharfs; at the ſeveral royal docks, or at the powder mills or magazines, or houſes under the direction of the Board of Ordnance, and poor men who have three children born in wedlock. Ibid.

24. Perſons returned and deſcribed in the liſt as apprentices being fraudulently bound out, in order to cover them from ſerving, are liable on conviction to ſerve immediately for the pariſh ſuch liſt was returned for, or upon the firſt vacancy, if there be none at that time, that ſhall happen therein; and the maſter ſhall forfeit 10 l. Ibid.

25. Perſons balloted, that refuſe to ſerve or find a ſubſtitute, ſhall forfeit 10 l. and at the end of three years be liable to ſerve again in perſon or by ſubſtitute. Ibid.

26. No perſon having ſerved perſonally or by ſubſtitute three years, ſhall be liable to ſerve again, till by rotation it comes to his turn. 2 G. 3. ſ. 20.

VESTRIES.

[62]

1. THE church-wardens rate muſt be made with the conſent of the major part of the pariſhioners, houſe-keepers, or occupiers of land. In order to which public notice of a veſtry ought to be given the Sunday before, either in the church, after divine ſervice is ended, or at the church-door, as the pariſhioners come out, both of the calling of the ſaid meeting, and alſo of the time and place of its aſſembling. And it is uſual, that for half an hour before it begins, one of the church-bells be tolled, to give the pariſhioners notice when they are met. Par. L. 54.

2. The major part of them that appear, ſhall bind the pariſh. But in large populous pariſhes, a cuſtom has obtained of yearly chuſing a certain number of the moſt reſpectable men to repreſent all the reſt, who are called a ſelect veſtry. Such a veſtry exiſts at Mary-lebone, St. George's, Hanover-ſquare, St. Mary Hill, &c. and no pariſhioner who does not pay to the church-rates has a vote, except the parſon or vicar.

3. If any perſon finds himſelf aggrieved at the irregularity of the church-wardens aſſeſſment for the repairs of the church, his appeal muſt be to the eccleſiaſtical judge. Degge 172.

4. And if any refuſe to pay the rates, they are to be ſued for in the eccleſiaſtical courts. Degge 171. A Quakers may be proſecuted before the juſtices of the peace. Burn.

5. The poor's-rate is made by the church-wardens and overſeers, and allowed by the juſtices. 43 Eliz. c. 2.

6. Any inhabitant may inſpect the poor's-rate book, at all ſeaſonable times, paying 1 s. and the church-wardens ſhall give copies on demand, being paid 8 d. for every 24 names, on pain of 20 l. to the party grieved. 17 Geo. 2. c. 3.

7. Parties aggrieved by an aſſeſſment may, by giving notice to the church-wardens, appeal to the next ſeſſions of the peace, 17 Geo. 2. c. 38.

[63]8. The goods of any perſon aſſeſſed, and refuſing to pay, may be diſtrained by a juſtice's warrant; but the mode is to ſummon the party firſt, before a magiſtrate, to ſhew cauſe why he will not pay. Ibid.

9. The veſtry clerk and beadles are choſen by the veſtry, and all complaints againſt them muſt there be made.

10. There is always a veſtry held in or about Eaſter week, for chuſing pariſh-officers; and at other times it may be known when veſtries meet, by enquiring of the veſtry-clerk, who is their regiſter and ſecretary, or of the beadle, who is their meſſenger.

PAWN-BROKERS

ARE uſeful men in their way, but they are properly under certain reſtrictions.

1. Whoever ſhall pawn goods or property they are entruſted with, without the conſent of the owner, ſhall, on conviction of one witneſs, or on confeſſion, forfeit 20 s. or be committed to hard labour for fourteen days; and if the money is not paid within three days of the expiration of the fourteen days, on application of the proſecutor, the juſtice ſhall order the offender to be publickly whipped; the ſaid 20 s. to be applied towards making ſatisfaction to the party injured.

2. And any pawn-broker knowingly taking in, as a pledge, any linen or apparel entruſted to any one, to waſh, mend, or make up, ſhall, on the oath of one witneſs, forfeit double the ſum given or lent on the ſame to the poor; and the owner, proving his property, on the oath of one witneſs, ſhall have them again; and a ſearch-warrant may be procured, to ſearch any pawn-brokers houſe for this purpoſe. 30 Geo. 2. c. 24.

ASSURANCES FOR LIVES.

[64]

1. THE terms of the Laudable Society for the bene fit of widows; office at No. 1, Surry-ſtreet Strand, open every day except holidays.

This Society conſiſted, at Lady-day, 1785, of 45 [...] members, each of whom pays five guineas per annum by half-yearly payments; this ſum amounts to

 L. 2409150

They have a capital ſtock of 45,450 l. in the four per cents. the intereſt of which is

 181800
 4227150

There were at Lady-day 165 widows, to whom were paid penſions to the amount of

 L. 3723150   
One year's expences,25360   
    397710
Which leaves a clear yearly income of2501311

But as at laſt Michaelmas there were ſeven widows more added to the liſt, amounting to 240 l. a year, i [...] reduces the clear income of the Society to 10 l. 13 s. 11 d.

The widow of each member, during her widowhood, is entitled to an annuity payable half-yearly at Lady-day and Michaelmas, as follows:—

If her huſband has been a memberYears.Day.L.per annum
3 and110
7120
13130
20140

The general price of admiſſion is 5 l. 5 s. paid down, and 5 l. 5 s. a year, paid quarterly, during the life of the huſband.

No victualler can be admitted, nor any one who has not had the ſmall pox; and every member now admitted muſt pay two guineas on admiſſion, for every year, above two, that his age exceeds that of his wife; if above five years, three guineas for each year; and no perſon ſhall be admitted a member who ſhall be more than ten years older than his wiſe.

[65]To become a member, the perſon, or ſome friend for him, muſt enter his name at the office above, with his age, place of abode, title or profeſſion; the age of his wife, with her chriſtian and ſirname before marriage, and pay 7 s. 6 d. and when the perſon is approved, he will have the proper affidavit, &c. ſent to him to be ſigned. If he is not approved, the 7 s. 6 d. will be returned.

Each member, in default of paying his half-yearly payment, at Lady-day and Michaelmas, or within 14 days after each day, ſhall forfeit to the joint ſtock, for the firſt half-year's neglect 5 s. 3 d. for 28 days after every Lady-day or Michaelmas 10 s. 6 d. after two ſucceſſive half-year's negligence 21 s. and in caſe he is in arrears two ſucceſſive half years, and does not pay his arrears, together with his forfeits, within 28 days after the ſecond of the two ſucceſſive half-years, he ſhall be then excluded from the Society, and his widow have no advantage therefrom.

Widows of members guilty of ſuicide ſhall receive no benefit from the Society.

As an encouragement to widows to marry again, if her ſecond huſband ſhall, within one month after the ſecond marriage, pay to the joint ſtock half-a-year's annuity, which the widow was entitled to, then the woman, if ſhe ſurvives her huſband, ſhall be entitled to the ſame annuity as ſhe enjoyed before her ſecond marriage.

In fifteen truſtees of this Society, choſen by the general body, the capital ſtock, divided into three parts, is veſted. Each part in the name of five truſtees.

2. The Royal Exchange Aſſurance Office, whoſe office is over the Change (where attendance is daily given from eleven to two, and from five to ſeven, Saturday in the afternoon excepted) aſſures lives on the following terms:—

On ſingle lives, this corporation will pay 100 l. for the following premiums, paid yearly, for one year, ſeven years, or the whole life of the perſon aſſured, according to his age at the time of aſſuring. From the age of ten to fourteen, the premium is the ſame.

[66]

Age.For one Year.7 Years.Whole Life.
 l. s. d.l. s. d.l. s. d.
141 9 61 10 62 12 0
151 10 01 12 62 13 0
161 11 61 15 02 14 6
171 14 01 17 02 16 0
181 17 01 19 02 17 6
191 19 62 0 62 19 0
202 2 62 3 03 0 0
212 4 62 5 03 1 6
222 5 02 5 63 2 6
232 6 02 6 63 4 0
242 6 62 7 03 5 0
252 7 02 7 63 6 6
262 8 02 8 63 7 6
272 8 62 9 03 9 0
282 9 02 10 03 10 6
292 10 02 10 63 12 0
302 11 02 11 63 13 6
312 11 62 12 63 15 6
322 12 62 13 03 17 0
332 13 62 14 03 19 0
342 14 02 15 04 0 6
352 15 02 16 04 2 6
362 16 02 17 04 4 6
372 17 02 18 04 7 0
382 18 02 19 04 9 0
392 19 03 0 04 11 6
403 1 03 2 04 14 0
413 3 03 3 64 16 6
423 5 03 5 64 19 0
433 6 64 7 05 2 0
443 8 03 9 05 5 0
453 9 63 11 05 7 6
463 11 03 13 65 10 6
473 12 63 16 05 14 0
483 14 63 19 05 17 6
493 17 04 2 06 1 0
504 1 04 5 06 5 0
514 4 04 7 66 9 0
524 6 64 10 66 13 0
534 9 04 13 66 17 6
544 12 04 17 07 2 0
554 14 65 0 07 7 0
564 18 05 4 07 12 0
575 1 05 8 07 18 0
585 5 05 12 08 3 0
595 9 05 16 68 9 0
605 13 06 1 08 16 0
615 17 6  
626 1 0  
636 6 0  
646 10 0  
656 16 6  
667 3 0  

[67]They will alſo pay 100 l. on the death of one perſon named out of two, for the following premiums, ſet againſt the reſpective ages aſſured.

If one is aged,And the other aged,The annual Sum to be paid is,
  l. s. d.
10102 0 0
 202 1 0
 301 19 6
 401 18 6
 501 17 6
 601 16 0
 701 14 6
 801 12 6
20102 10 6
 202 11 0
 302 9 6
 402 8 0
 502 6 6
 602 4 6
 702 2 0
 801 19 0
30103 3 0
 203 4 0
 303 2 6
 402 19 6
 502 16 6
 602 13 6
 702 11 0
 802 6 6
40104 2 0
 204 3 0
 304 1 0
 403 17 0
 503 13 0
 603 8 6
 703 3 0
 802 18 0
50105 12 0
 205 13 0
 305 10 6
 405 7 6
 505 2 0
 604 13 6
 704 5 0
 803 16 0
60108 1 6
 208 3 6
 308 1 0
 407 17 6
 507 13 0
 607 1 6
 706 4 0
 805 7 6

[68]

If one is aged,And the other aged,The annual Sum to be paid is,
  l. s. d.
10103 19 0
 154 4 6
 204 10 0
 254 15 0
 305 2 0
 355 9 6
 406 0 0
 456 12 6
 507 9 0
 558 9 6
 609 17 0
15154 10 0
 204 16 0
 255 1 0
 305 7 0
 355 14 6
 406 5 0
 456 17 0
 507 13 6
 558 14 0
 6010 1 6
20205 2 0
 255 7 0
 305 13 0
 356 0 0
 406 10 0
 457 3 0
 507 19 0
 558 19 6
 6010 7 0
25255 11 6
 305 17 6
 356 4 6
 406 14 6
 457 6 6
 508 2 6
 559 3 0
 6010 10 0
30306 2 6
 356 10 0
 406 19 0
 457 11 0
 508 7 0
 559 7 0
 6010 14 0
35356 16 6
 407 5 6
 457 17 0
 508 12 6
 559 12 0
 6010 19 0
40407 14 0
 458 5 6
 509 0 0
 559 19 6
 6011 5 6
45458 16 0
 509 10 0
 5510 8 6
 6011 14 0
505010 3 6
 5511 1 6
 6012 6 0
555511 17 6
 6013 1 0
606014 3 0

[69]The conditions of the policy and agreement are, that the aſſurance ſhall be void, if the perſon whoſe life is aſſured ſhall depart the kingdom of Great Britain, or enter into the army or navy, without the previous conſent of the company, or ſhall die by ſuicide, duelling, or the hand of juſtice.—This corporation does not grant any annuities on lives.

3. The terms of aſſurance at the Amicable Society, Serjeant's-inn, Fleet-ſtreet, are as follow:—

July 25, 1706, Queen Anne incorporated William, then Lord Biſhop of Oxon, Sir Thomas Aleyn, Bart. and others, and every other perſon who ſhould be then after admitted a ſubſcriber, (not exceeding 2000 in the whole) by the name of the Amicable Society, with power to purchaſe and alien lands, not exceeding the yearly value of 2000 l. to acquire any goods and chattels whatſoever, to ſue, and be ſued, and to have a common ſeal.

Every perſon afterwards admitted, is to be eſteemed a member of the corporation, and is to pay on his and her own life 6 l. 4 s. per annum, in ſuch manner as the directors of the ſaid corporation, for the time being, ſhall think fit; on whoſe deceaſe the nominee, &c. is to be entitled to an equal ſhare of 10,000 l. when there are 2000 ſubſcribers, or of a ſum in proportion, if the Society ſhall conſiſt of a leſſer number.

Twelve perſons were appointed directors, with power for any ſeven, or more of them, to hold courts; and the major part of them aſſembled were to manage the affairs of the corporation according to the charter, and to the by-laws to be made by the major part of the members in a general court, which court may not conſiſt of leſs than twenty members; and for a ſucceſſion of directors, twelve members (living within the bills of mortality) were to be choſen yearly, within forty days after Lady-day, to be directors for one year, and until others ſhould be choſen in their places; and one of the members of the corporation was appointed regiſter, to be ſucceeded, from time to time, by another member.

January 16, 1729, George II. granted additional [70] powers and authorities as were not contained in the original charter.

No perſon can be admitted a member under the age of twelve, or above the age of forty-five years, (except in exchange) and perſons above the age of forty-three are required to procure authentic certificates of their ages.

Perſons in London, or within fifteen miles thereof, muſt appear before a court of directors, and there voluntarily make oath, "That he or ſhe is in a good ſtate of health, and hath no diſtemper, which, according to the beſt of his or her knowledge, judgement or belief, may tend to the ſhortening of his or her days."

Perſons living above fifteen miles from London, and not appearing before a court of directors, may be admitted members (after they are upon enquiry otherwiſe approved of) by certificates and affidavits.

Not more than three numbers or ſhares can be had upon any one life.

Every perſon, on admiſſion, is to pay a premium of 7 l. 10 s. for each number or ſhare, together with 7 s. 6 d. for the policy.

A dividend of 1 l. 4 s. is allowed to each member, out of the profits of the corporation, whereby the charter payment of 6 l. 4 s. is reduced to 5 l. per annum, which 5 l. is to be paid quarterly, under certain penalties for every ſhare.

The death of every member muſt be proved by certificate of burial; together with an affidavit of his or her death, and identity.

If a member dies out of England, ſecurity muſt be given to indemnify the corporation, before any claim is paid.

Any perſon above the age of forty-five, if in good health, may be admitted in exchange for a member who is older than himſelf.

By a reſolution of the general court, the 10th day of May, 1770, the claims are not to be leſs than 150 l. upon each number or ſhare; but they have been conſiderably larger, as will appear by the following account: [71]

 L.s.d.
177325929
17742061510
17751791310
177619479
177715594
1778207121
1779207711
178019300
178122200
178220000
1783188100
178418500

N. B. Upon application to become a member, each perſon is required to leave in writing. at the office, his or her name, place of abode, profeſſion and age; and likewiſe the names of at leaſt two perſons of repute living within the cities of London or Weſtminſter, to whom ſuch perſon is, and for ſome time paſt hath been well known, in order that ſatisfactory enquiries may be made as to his or her ſtate of health; but thoſe who live at a diſtance from London are required (if they can) to give the names of at leaſt two reputable perſons living in London or Weſtminſter, to whom they are well known; but if they have no ſuch acquaintances in London or Weſtminſter, they muſt give ſuch as live near their places of abode, and who know them well; and if upon enquiry they are approved of, they may then be admitted members by certificates and affidavits, the forms of which are to be had at the office.

*⁎* Perſons in the Army or Navy, whoſe buſineſs requires them to reſide in foreign parts, tavern-keepers and inn-keepers, and thoſe whoſe occupations or employments are attended with danger or injury to their conſtitutions, are not admitted members.

As this ſociety is confined to a certain number, per [...]ons muſt frequently wait ſome time before they can be admitted.

4. Blackfriar's Aſſurance-Office, at Blackfriar's-bridge, where attendance is daily given from nine till three.

Aſſurances may be made for any ſum from 20 l. [...] 2000 l. for any certain time, or for the whole con [...]nuance of the life, on payment of a groſs ſum, or an [...]nnual premium proportionable to the hazard of the [...]ge at which the life begins to be aſſured, and to the [...]me the aſſurance is to continue, on the following [...]rms:—

[72]TABLE of PREMIUMS for aſſuring 100 l. upon the Li [...] of any healthy Perſon, from Eight to Sixty-Seve [...]

Age.One Year.Seven Years at an annual payment ofFor the whole Life at an annual payment of
81 9 21 10 72 2 10
91 9 31 10 82 2 11
101 9 61 10 82 3 2
111 9 71 11 12 3 6
121 9 101 11 52 3 11
131 10 11 21 72 4 6
141 10 31 11 92 5 5
151 11 01 12 72 6 6
161 11 31 12 112 7 9
171 11 91 13 82 8 11
181 12 51 14 32 10 2
191 13 41 15 12 12 6
201 13 111 16 02 12 10
211 14 71 16 92 14 3
221 15 41 17 72 15 9
231 16 01 18 52 16 5
241 16 91 19 32 18 11
251 17 72 — 23 — 6
261 18 52 1 33 2 2
271 19 42 2 33 4 0
282 — 42 3 63 5 6
292 1 32 4 73 7 2
302 2 62 6 03 8 11
312 3 72 7 53 10 8
322 4 102 8 103 12 6
332 6 32 10 63 14 2
342 7 92 12 33 16 0
352 8 72 14 23 17 9
362 11 32 16 33 19 9
372 13 12 18 34 1 9
382 14 113 — 64 3 10
392 17 03 2 94 5 10
402 19 23 5 14 7 11
413 1 53 7 84 10 2
423 3 73 10 34 12 6
433 6 13 13 14 14 11
443 8 63 16 04 17 5

[73]A TABLE of PREMIUMS for aſſuring the ſum of One Hundred Pounds upon the Life of any healthy Perſon, from the age of Eight to Sixty-Seven, continued.

Age.One Year.Seven Years at an annual payment ofFor the whole Life at an annual payment of
453 11 03 18 65 — 0
463 13 64 1 35 2 4
473 16 24 4 15 4 10
483 18 104 6 105 7 5
494 1 84 10 05 10 2
504 4 84 13 25 12 11
514 7 84 16 85 15 9
524 10 95 0 05 18 8
434 14 05 4 06 1 9
544 17 45 7 16 5 3
555 — 95 11 76 9 3
565 4 35 16 06 12 10
575 8 06 — 66 18 11
585 11 66 5 37 4 6
595 15 26 10 87 10 9
605 19 16 16 107 17 7
616 3 17 2 78 5 3
626 7 57 9 18 13 8
636 11 87 16 19 2 10
646 16 38 4 119 12 11
657 — 118 13 010 3 9
667 6 09 2 110 15 3
677 10 109 12 011 7 0

[74]An addition of twenty-two per cent. computed upon the premium, is charged upon military perſons; and the ſmall addition of eleven per cent. upon perſons not having had the ſmall-pox.

The court of directors have a diſcretionary power of fixing the premium, when any peculiar hazard attends the life upon which the aſſurance is made.

Perſons preferring the payment of a groſs ſum or ſingle premium upon an aſſurance for any certain term, are chargeable in a due proportion to the annual premium for ſuch term.

Every perſon making any aſſurance with the ſociety pays five ſhillings in the name of entrance-money; and if the ſum aſſured exceed one hundred pounds, the entrance-money is charged after the rate of five ſhillings for every hundred pounds.

Alſo, every perſon propoſing any aſſurance, is required to make a depoſit of five ſhillings, and in caſe the ſum propoſed to be aſſured ſhall exceed one hundred pounds, the depoſit will be increaſed after the rate of two ſhillings and ſixpence for every hundred; which depoſit, if the party afterwards, or neglects to complete the ſame, for the ſpace of twenty-eight days, is forfeited to the uſe of the ſociety; but if the court of directors refuſe making ſuch aſſurance, the money depoſited is returned.

Every policy becomes void, upon the party, whoſe life is aſſured, going beyond the limits of Europe, (without leave of the directors) or dying upon the ſeas, or dying by their own hands, or the hands of juſtice.

[75]TABLE of Annual Premiums payable during the joint continuance of the Lives of the Expectant and Poſſeſſor for inſuring One Hundred Pounds *, if the Life in Expectation ſhall ſurvive the Life in Poſſeſſion.

Age of Poſſ.Age of Exp.Premium.
  l. s. d.
10201 12 10
20102 2 7
10301 12 10
30102 17 9
10401 13 3
40103 17 5
10501 12 10
50105 2 7
10601 11 7
60106 14 7
10701 9 3
70109 10 6
20202 2 7
20302 2 7
30202 16 10
20402 2 0
40203 16 5
20502 1 6
50205 2 0
20601 19 7
60206 16 10
20701 16 0
70209 8 0
20302 14 8
30402 14 0
40303 12 7
30502 12 5
50304 17 3
30602 10 0
60306 12 6
30702 5 0
70309 6 10
40403 8 7
40503 5 3
50404 11 0
40603 1 6
60406 6 10
40702 15 0
70409 1 0
50504 5 7
50603 18 6
60505 19 8
50703 9 7
70508 15 7
60605 10 0
60704 14 0
70608 5 7
70707 6 10

[76]A TABLE of ANNUAL PREMIUMS payable during the continuance of two joint Lives, for aſſuring One Hundred Pounds, to be paid when either of the Lives ſhall drop.

AgeAgel. s. d.
10203 15 8
 304 10 6
 405 10 10
 506 13 4
 608 10 7
 7010 19 8
15204 — 2
 304 15 3
 405 15 3
 507 1 2
 608 14 3
 7011 3 5
20304 18 10
 405 18 3
 507 3 0
 608 16 7
 7011 3 6
25305 2 7
 406 1 6
 507 5 3
 608 19 5
 7011 7 6
30406 6 3
 507 9 8
 609 2 6
 7011 12 0
35406 11 7
 507 19 [...]
 609 5 6
 7011 16 0
40507 16 5
 609 8 6
 7011 16 0
45508 3 8
45609 14 7
 7012 — 6
50609 18 [...]
 7012 5 0
556010 4 1
 7012 10 0
607013 — 0
657013 16 0

N. B. From the above ſpecimen, which ſhews the premium for every tenth year, the reader will eaſily judge of the proportional premium for any intermediate age.

Every perſon deſiring to make aſſurance with the ſociety, muſt ſign a declaration by himſelf or agent, ſetting forth the age, ſtate of health, profeſſion, occupation, and other circumſtances of the perſons whoſe lives are propoſed to be aſſured: and alſo, in caſe ſuch aſſurance is made upon the life of another perſon, that the intereſt which he has in ſuch life is equal to the ſum aſſured. This declaration is the baſis of the contract between the ſociety and the perſon deſirous to make ſuch aſſurance: and if any artful, falſe, or fraudulent repreſentation ſhall be uſed therein, all claim, on account of any policy ſo obtained, ſhall ceaſe, determine, and be void, and the monies which ſhall [77] have been paid upon account of ſuch aſſurance, ſhall be forfeited to the uſe of the ſociety.

Every perſon making aſſurance with the ſociety becomes a member, and enters into a covenant that he will conform to, obſerve, and keep the ſtatutes, bye-laws, rules, orders, and ordinances of the ſociety.— But no member has a right to vote at a general court, who is not aſſured in the ſum of 100 l. or upwards, upon a life or lives, for the whole continuance thereof.

The buſineſs of the ſociety is conducted and carried on by fifteen directors, annually choſen out of thoſe members, who are aſſured with the ſociety in the ſum of 300 l. or upwards, upon a life or lives, for the whole continuance thereof.

Four general courts are held every year, on the firſt Thurſday of March, June, September and December, or as often as nine members qualified to vote ſhall think proper, at which times the accounts and ſtate of the ſociety are laid before the perſons preſent.

If at any time it ſhall appear to a General Court of the Society, that the premiums received, and to be received, will not be ſufficient to pay the claims, then the General Court are to direct a call to be made upon the ſeveral members of the Society, in proportion to the ſums by them aſſured, for making good the deficiency; for which call credit is to be given, and the call afterwards to be repaid; with intereſt, at the rate of 3 per cent.

If a call ſhould at any time be requiſite, (which is highly improbable) the members aſſured for a ſingle year will be rated towards ſuch call in the proportion of one ſixth part, and the members aſſured for a number of years certain, in the proportion of two third parts of the ſum charged upon the members aſſured for the whole continuance of life, for every 100 l. by them reſpectively aſſured.

As often as it ſhall appear to a General Court, that the ſtock of the Society is more than ſufficient to pay the claims liable to be made, then the General Court is to declare a dividend of the ſurplus, or of ſuch part thereof as ſhall be judged convenient, amongſt the [78] members of the ſociety liable to contribute towards a call in proportion to the ſums in which they are aſſured, and to the number of years of their ſtanding in the ſociety.

The court of directors are impowered to aſſure either a groſs ſum, or an annuity, to be paid to children after they ſhall have attained an age aſſigned.

The court of directors are impowered to aſſure annuities for a life or lives, on the payment of a groſs ſum.

So as the amount of any annuity or annuities to be granted upon any one life do not exceed one hundred pounds:

And towards ſecuring the payment of the ſeveral annuities, a fund is reſerved of two-thirds of the ſums originally paid for the purchaſe.

There are two or three other ſocieties for aſſurance on lives, that pay annuities to widows and children, but they are not ſufficiently eſtabliſhed to put any great dependence on them, of courſe they are not here noticed.

GENERAL POST-OFFICE, LOMBARD-STREET.

1. ALL letters and newſpapers muſt be put into the receiving-houſes in different parts of the town, before five in the evening, or they cannot be forwarded by that day's poſt. After five theſe offices are ſhut. Bell-men then go about the ſtreets till ſix, who carry ſuch letters as they collect, to the General Poſt-Office in Lombard-ſtreet, for which they expect one penny each letter. If a letter be carried by your own ſervant, this penny may be ſaved: the General Poſt-Office will take them in any time before ſeven. After ſeven, till eight, a letter will be taken in for 6 d. extraordinary.

2. All perſons about the Poſt-Office ſhall take an oath not to embezzle or delay any letters, nor to open any, except by an expreſs warrant from one of the ſecretaries of ſtate, for that purpoſe; or except in ſuch [79] caſes where the parties to whom they are addreſſed refuſe payment for the ſame; or except ſuch letters are returned for want of true directions; or when the party to whom the ſame is directed cannot be found.— 9 Ann. c. 10.

In ENGLAND.
  • From any poſt-office in England, to any place not exceeding one ſtage from ſuch office, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 2
  • From any poſt-office in England, to any place above one, and not exceeding two ſtages from ſuch office, and not paſſing through London, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 3
  • From any poſt-office in England, to any place above two ſtages, and not exceeding 80 miles, and not paſſing through London, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 4
  • From any poſt-office in England, to any place above 80, and not exceeding 150 miles, and not paſſing through London, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 5
  • From any poſt-office in England, to any place above 150 miles, not paſſing through London, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 6
SCOTLAND.
  • Between London and Edinburgh, Dumfries or Cockburnſpeth, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 7
  • From any poſt-office in Scotland, to any place not exceeding one ſtage from ſuch office, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 2
  • From any poſt-office in Scotland, to any place in the ſame kingdom above one ſtage, and not exceeding 50 miles, and not paſſing through Edinburgh, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 3
  • From any poſt-office in Scotland, to any place in the ſame kingdom above 50, and not exceeding 80 miles, and not paſſing through Edinburgh, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 4
  • From any poſt-office in Scotland, to any place in the ſame kingdom above 80, and not exceeding 150 miles, and not paſſing through Edinburgh, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 5
  • From any poſt-office in Scotland, to any place above 150 miles, and not paſſing through Edinburgh, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 6
  • Between Port-Patrick in Scotland, and Donaghadee in Ireland, by packet-boats, over and above all other rates, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 2
  • [80]Letters to and from any part of England and any part of Scotland, not paſſing through London, Edinburgh, Dumfries or Cockburnſpeth, are not chargeable, if ſingle, higher than Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 7
  • Letters to and from Glaſgow, or the intermediate places by Carliſle, are not to pay a higher rate of poſtage, than if ſent through Edinburgh.
IRELAND.
  • Between London and Dublin, by way of Holy-head. Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 6
  • Between London and Donaghadee, by way of Carliſle and Port-Patrick, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 12
ISLE OF MAN.
  • Between Great Britain and the Iſle of Man, by packet-boats, over and above all other rates, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 2
SHIP-LETTERS.
  • For the port of every letter or packet of letters in any part of his Majeſty's dominions directed to, or coming from, on board of any ſhip, over and above the rates before mentioned, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 1
  • For every letter or packet coming from on ſhipboard for the town where landed, or the delivery thereof, one penny, with the penny paid to the maſter, mariner, or paſſenger bringing the ſame, being for every ſuch letter or packet, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 2
His Majeſty's WEST-INDIA Iſlands, and NORTH-AMERICA.
  • For letters conveyed by packet-boats, between London and any port in his Majeſty's Weſt-India iſlands, or North-America, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 12
  • For letters conveyed by packet-boats from any port in the Weſt-India iſlands, or his Majeſty's dominions in North-America, to any other port thereof, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 4
  • For the inland conveyance of letters in the ſaid dominions between any office and any place, not exceeding 60 Engliſh miles, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 4
  • For any diſtance above 60 Engliſh miles, and not exceeding 100 miles, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 6
  • [81]For any diſtance above 100, and not exceeding 200 Engliſh miles, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 8
  • And ſo in proportion, the poſtage increaſing two-pence a ſingle letter, for any diſtance above every 100 miles.
FOREIGN LETTERS.
  • Letters from London to any part of Holland, France or Flanders, pay no foreign poſtage.
  • From any part of Holland, France or Flanders, to London, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 10
  • Between London and any part of Spain or Portugal, through France, or by Liſbon, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 18
  • Between London and any part of Italy, Sicily, Turkey and Switzerland, through France, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 15
  • Between London and any part of Italy, Sicily, Turkey, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark, Sweden, Ruſſia, and all parts of the North, through Holland and Flanders, Poſtage of a Single Letter. d. 12

5. Letters and packets from any part of Great Britain or Ireland, for any of the places under the title Foreign Letters, before mentioned, and for North-America, are, beſides the ſaid foreign rates and packet-poſtage to North-America, to pay at the office where they are put in, the full port to London, without which they cannot be forwarded; therefore, all perſons are to take particular notice thereof, to prevent the neceſſity of their letters being opened and returned for the poſtage.

6. All merchants accompts, not exceeding one ſheet of paper, and all bills of exchange, invoices, and bills of lading, to or from any of the foreign parts or places before mentioned, and the covers of letters to or from Turkey, not exceeding one quarter of a ſheet of paper, are allowed to paſs without payment of the foreign poſtage, but are to pay the full inland port to and from London.

7. All double, treble, and other letters and packets whatever (except by the penny-poſt) pay in proportion to the reſpective rates of ſingle letters before ſpecified; but no letter or packet to and from places within the kingdom [82] of Great Britain, together with the contents thereof, ſhall be charged more than as a treble letter, unleſs the ſame ſhall weigh an ounce, when it is to be rated as four ſingle letters, and ſo in proportion for every quarter of an ounce above that weight, reckoning each quarter as a ſingle letter.

8. Letters to all parts of Europe are diſpatched from London every Tueſday and Friday, except thoſe to Portugal, which are forwarded by the Liſbon mails on Tueſdays only.

9. Letters to the Weſt-Indies and to North-America are diſpatched from London the firſt Wedneſday in every month.

10. No letter, under one ounce, to be charged higher than as a treble letter.

11. All maſters of veſſels bringing letters from abroad, ſhall deliver the ſame (except in the caſe of quarentine) at the poſt-office where they break bulk, for which the poſt-maſter ſhall receive 1 d. extra for each letter. 5 Geo. 3. c. 25, ſ. 3, 4.

12. Bills of exchange, written on the ſame piece of paper with a letter, and ſeveral letters to ſeveral perſons, written on the ſame piece of paper, ſhall pay as ſo many diſtinct letters. 26 G. c. 21. ſ. 51.

13. Writs, and other proceedings at law, incloſed or written on the ſame piece of paper with a letter, ſhall pay as ſo many diſtinct letters. 26 G. 2. c. 13. ſ. 6.

14. But merchants accompts not exceeding one ſheet, bills of exchange, invoices, bills of lading (ſent or brought over ſea; 6 G. c. 21. ſ. 52), ſhall be allowed without rate in the price of the letters. 9 Ann. c. 10. ſ. 13.

15. But patterns or ſamples of goods, or pieces of any thing, though not paper, incloſed in a letter, of affixed thereto, if under an ounce weight, ſhall pay as a double letter. 26 G. 2. c. 13. ſ. 7.

16. No letters or packets ſhall be exempted from poſtage, except ſuch as ſhall be ſent to the king; and ſuch as not exceeding the weight of two ounces, ſhall be ſent during the ſitting of parliament, or within 40 days before or after any ſummons or prorogation, [83] which ſhall be ſigned on the outſide thereof, by any member, and by whom the whole ſuperſcription ſhall be written; and alſo the name of the poſt-town from which the ſame is intended to be ſent, and the day, month and year, when the ſame ſhall be put into the poſt-office (the day of the month to be in words at length)—or directed to any member at the place where he ſhall actually be at the time of the delivery thereof, or at his uſual place of reſidence in London, or at the lobby of the houſe of parliament of which he is a member; or to the offices of the Treaſury, Admiralty, War-office, General Poſt-office, ſecretaries of ſtate, paymaſter-general of the forces, clerk of the parliaments, clerk of the Houſe of Commons; or upon his Majeſty's ſervice (indorſed by the proper officer).— 4 Geo. 3. c. 24. ſ. 1, 4. 5 Geo. 3. c. 25. ſ. 26. 25 Geo. 3.

17. Counterfeiting the ſuperſcription of any letters to evade the poſtage, is tranſportation for ſeven years. 25 Geo. 3.

18. Printed votes or proceedings in parliament, or printed newſpapers ſent without cover, or in covers open at the ends, ſigned on the outſide by any member of parliament, or directed to a member at any place, whereof he ſhall have given notice to the Poſtmaſter-General, ſhall be exempted from poſtage in England; 4 G. 3. c. 24. ſ. 5. and ſhall paſs from Great Britain and Ireland at the rate of 1 d. only for each printed vote, proceeding in parliament, or newſpaper. 25 Geo. 3.

19. If any perſon entruſted to take in letters and receive the poſtage thereof, ſhould embezzle the money, burn or deſtroy the letters, or advance the rates and not duly account for ſuch advanced rates, he ſhall be guilty of felony. 5 Geo. 3. c. 25. ſ. 19.

20. All ſums not exceeding 5 l. due for poſtage may [...]e recovered before juſtices of the peace, in the ſame manner as ſmall tithes. 9 An. c. 10. ſ. 30.

21. All ſums overcharged for letters will be returned [...] the Poſt-Office, Lombard-ſtreet. If on good terms with your poſtman, he will get this done for you; on [84] this account it may not be impolitic to give him a ſhilling at Chriſtmas.

22. Any complaint made of miſconduct to the Secretary of the Poſt-Office, by letter or otherwiſe, will be immediately attended to.

23. No one is obliged to receive a letter from the poſtman, though directed to him, unleſs he thinks proper.

THE PENNY-POST

1. HAS five principal offices; viz. the chief Penny-poſt office in Throgmorton-ſtreet; the Weſtminſter, in Coventry-ſtreet; St. Clements, in Blackmoor-ſtreet, Clare-market; the Hermitage, in Queen-ſtreet, Little Tower-hill; the Southwark, St. Saviour's Church-yard, Borough.

2. Letters to be ſent out of town muſt be put into theſe offices before ten at night, to be forwarded by the firſt delivery the next day.

3. To prevent the frequent delays of Penny-poſt letters, the public are requeſted to be particularly careful to ſend them to the Penny-poſt receiving-houſes, from whence they are collected every four hours, and delivered four times a day to all parts of London; for when they are put by miſtake into the General Poſt-office, or the receiving-houſes for general-poſt letters, they cannot be collected till late in the evening, and beſides the delay thereby, the penny which ought to have been paid with them muſt of neceſſity be charged to the perſons they are directed to.

4. Letters are much accelerated by being put in at any of the five principal offices, inſtead of the receiving-houſes, from whence they muſt be collected and ſent to thoſe offices.

5. For the port of every letter or packet, paſſing or repaſſing within the cities of London or Weſtminſter, the Borough of Southwark and their ſuburbs, (which letter or packet is not to exceed the weight of 4 ounces [85] unleſs coming from or paſſing to the General-Poſt) one penny upon putting in the ſame, as alſo a penny upon the delivery of ſuch as are directed to any place beyond the ſaid cities, borough, or ſuburbs, within the diſtrict of the penny-poſt delivery.

6. The triangular ſtamp on all Penny-poſt letters ſhews the day they are brought to one of theſe principal offices; and the round ſtamp the hour they are given to the letter carriers.

7. This poſt carries parcels under four ounces to moſt places within ten miles of London.

8. To expedite the delivery, it is adviſeable to write on the outſide, the day of the week, and the hour the letter is put into the office.

9. If you ſend any thing of value by the poſt, it is proper that the perſon who delivers it at the office ſhould be able to prove the contents; but the office has given the following directions concerning this matter. Unleſs letters containing things of value be left open, to be ſo carried to one of the five principal offices above-mentioned, there to be ſeen and entered, the letter-carrier will no ways be made anſwerable for their miſcarriage.

10. Thoſe who ſend bank-notes by the poſt, are adviſed by the poſt-office to cut them in two pieces, obliquely, ſo as to have the words on the left, as below, in one piece, and thoſe on the right in the other, and ſend them at two different times, one half at one time and one at another, as a ſecurity, in caſe the mail is robbed.

No. 5515.

I promiſe to pay to Mr. Abraham Newland, or bearer, on demand, the ſum of TEN Pounds. L. TEN.

Entd. J. Fleetwood.
For the Gov. and Comp. of the Bank of England, J. GREENWAY.

In caſe of loſs the Bank will pay the money, on producing one half of the note.

11. With reſpect to the Penny-poſt. the public are deſired to be very diſtinct in their directions, particularly to lodgers, by mentioning their landlord's ſign and [86] name, for want of which many cannot be delivered. And as a check on the letter-carrier, thoſe that he returns after three days enquiry will be ſent to the writer gratis, if their reſidence can be diſcovered.

12. Nothing above four ounces will be conveyed by the penny-poſt, except paſſing to or from the general poſt-office.

13. Thoſe who wiſh to find perſons in London, not having their directions, may often find them out by enquiring at the poſt-office among the letter-carriers, at the time the letters are delivered to them.

MAIL COACHES.

THE following (excluſive of thoſe on the croſs poſt roads) are the Mail Coaches already eſtabliſhed.

1. To Bath and Briſtol, from the Swan with Two Necks, Lad-lane, and the Glouceſter Coffee-houſe, Piccadilly

2. To Bath and Briſtol, through Andover and Devizes, from ditto, ditto.

3. To Carliſle, by way of Mancheſter, from the Swan with Two Necks, Lad-lane.

4. To Cheſter and Holyhead, from ditto.

5. To Dover, from the George and Blue Boar, Holborn, and the Glouceſter Coffee-houſe, Piccadilly, to York Houſe, Dover.

6. To Exeter, through Saliſbury, Blandford, and Dorcheſter, from the Swan with Two Necks, Lad-lane, and the Glouceſter Coffee-houſe, Piccadilly.

7. To Exeter, through Marlborough, Devizes, Froom, Wells, Bridgewater and Taunton, from the Swan with Two Necks, Lad-lane.

8. To Glouceſter, Swanſea, and Carmarthen, from the Angel Inn, behind St. Clement's Church, and the Glouceſter Coffee-houſe, Piccadilly.

9. To Hereford, [...]recknock, Carmarthen, and Milford Haven, from ditto, ditto.

[87]10. To Liverpool, through Coventry and Litchfield, from the Swan with Two Necks, Lad-lane.

11. To Mancheſter, through Derby, from ditto.

12. To Nottingham and Leeds, from the Bull and Mouth, in Bull and Mouth Street.

13. To Norwich and Yarmouth, through Newmarket and Thetford, from the White Horſe, Fetter-lane.

14. To Norwich, through Colcheſter and Ipſwich, from ditto.

15. To Portſmouth, from the Angel Inn, behind St. Clement's Church.

16. To Shrewſbury, and to Birmingham, Kidderminſter, and Bewdley, from the Bull and Mouth, Bull and Mouth Street.

17. To Southampton and Poole, from the Bell and Crown, Holborn, and the Glouceſter Coffee-houſe, Piccadilly.

18. To Windſor, from the Three Cups, Bread-ſtreet, and the Glouceſter Coffee-houſe, Piccadilly.

19. To Worceſter and Ludlow, from the George and Blue Boar, Holborn, and the Glouceſter Coffee-houſe, Piccadilly.

Theſe coaches ſet off every night at eight o'clock, with a guard, and go at the rate of ſeven miles an hour, with a pair of horſes. The fare for each paſſenger about 4 d. a mile, 14 lb. of luggage allowed.

STAGE COACHES

1. GO from different parts of London to all parts of the kingdom, almoſt every day. The places they ſet out from, and the days they go, may be found in a book printed for that purpoſe. This book alſo gives an account of the Waggons and Hoys.

The general run of ſtage-coaches is 3 d. halfpenny per mile each inſide paſſenger, who is allowed 14 lb. of luggage, all above is paid extra for.

2. Moſt of theſe coaches have a guard, and go as expeditiouſly as the mail coaches. The proprietors of ſtage coaches and waggons now advertiſe, that they will pay [88] for no luggage worth more than 5 l. unleſs firſt mad acquainted with its value, and paid for accordingly This is idle, for if they take in the parcel without exceptions, and it is loſt, and the contents can be proved they will be obliged to make it good. See CAUTION [...] 3, 4.

HORSES AND CARRIAGES.

1. FOR every ſaddle-horſe, mare or gelding, uſe for riding or drawing any carriage for which a exciſe-duty is payable, ſhall be paid annually 10 s. [...] Geo. 3. c. 31.

2. Horſes belonging to non-commiſſioned office: and ſoldiers of cavalry, alſo horſes belonging to dealer kept for ſale only, and all horſes let to hire by poſt maſters for travelling poſt, are exempted from th [...] duty. Ibid.

3. For every coach, chariot, chaiſe, &c. with fo [...] wheels, kept by any perſon for his own uſe, or to b [...] let out for hire, (except hackney-coaches) ſhall be pa [...] the yearly ſum of ſeven pounds; and for every chaiſ [...] chair, gig, whiſkey, &c. having two or three wheel drawn by one or more horſes, the annual ſum [...] 3 l. 10 s. Ibid.

4. Aſſeſſors ſhall give notice in writing to pe [...] keeping horſes and carriages, to produce, in [...] days after ſuch notice, liſts of the numbers kept [...] them, on pain of forfeiting 10 l. to be recovered [...] ſore two juſtices; and in caſe ſuch liſts are not [...] vered when called for, the aſſeſſor ſhall, from the [...]e [...] information he can obtain, make an aſſeſſment on ſ [...] perſon ſo refuſing, which ſhall be final, unleſs th [...] perſon aſſeſſed ſhall prove a ſufficient excuſe before th [...] commiſſioners; and in caſe the liſt delivered to the aſeſſors ſhall be deficient, they may ſurcharge the ſame and the perſons giving in ſuch defective liſts ſhall [...] double duty for all deficient, one-half of which the [...] ſeſſor [89] or ſurveyor ſhall have for ſurcharging the ſame. Ibid.

5. Houſeholders ſhall deliver liſts of lodgers who keep horſes or carriages, containing the names of ſuch lodgers, on pain of forfeiting 10 l. to be recovered before two juſtices. Ibid.

6. Perſons over-rated may appeal to the commiſſioners, but they muſt then deliver their liſts upon oath. Ibid.

7. Surveyor or aſſeſſor making a falſe ſurcharge, ſhall be fined as in the window-act, from 40 s. to 5 l. Ibid.

8. The annual payment of the duty to take place always from the 5th of April in each year; ſo that if a perſon has a horſe and carriage on the 6th of April, and ſells it the 7th, he muſt pay a whole year's tax, it being an annual tax. Ibid.

9. By the cuſtom of London, if a horſe ſtands at an inn, till he eat out his value, the inn-keeper may take him as his own, upon the reaſonable appraiſement of four of his neighbours; provided the horſe was never out of his poſſeſſion from the time the debt commenced. A horſe cannot be detained on his coming again, for what was due before. Bac. Abr. Inn. D. Strange, 556.

HACKNEY COACHES.

1. HACKNEY coaches are not to ſtand nearer to each other than twelve yards, leaving a paſſage for carriages between them; nor within twelve yards of any croſs ſtreet, on pain of the coachman's forfeiting 10 s.

2. No more than the following number of coaches ſhall ſtand in the places ſpecified, on pain of the coachman's forfeiting 10 s. for each offence: Eight coaches ſhall ſtand in Cornhill; viz. Seven between the end of Gracechurch-ſtreet and Finch-lane, and one between the end of Freeman's-court and Finch-lane.

[90]In Leadenhall-ſtreet, three coaches between the weſt end of the India-houſe and the paſſage leading to the green-market, Leaden-hall.

In Cheapſide, between the end of Bucklerſbury and the end of Ironmonger-lane, three coaches.

In King-ſtreet, Guildhall, five coaches, viz. Three beginning at the end of Trump-ſtreet, towards Cateaton-ſtreet, and two on the other ſide of Trump-ſtreet, towards Cheapſide.

In Aldermanbury, four coaches, viz. Two in the broad part, near the church, and two at the eaſt end of the church.

Two coaches only in that part of Fleet-ſtreet between Temple-bar and Chancery-lane, and not more than one coach between the ſaid lane and the weſt end of Dunſtan's-church.

An ADMEASUREMENT of the moſt common ONE SHILLING and EIGHTEEN-PENNY FARES, to be taken by HACKNEY COACHMEN for their HIRE, in and about the Cities of LONDON and WESTMINSTER, and Places adjoining, meaſured from the reſpective Stands.

ONE SHILLING FARES, The diſtance not exceeding One Mile and Two Furlongs, or One Mile and a Quarter.
 M.F.P.
From Weſtminſter-hall gate, to the firſt coach at St. Clement's, Strand,1129
From ditto to the end of St. James's-ſtreet, Piccadilly,1126
From the center of the Horſe-Guards to Water-lane, Fleet-ſtreet,1120
From ditto to the end of Engine-ſtreet, Piccadilly,112 [...]
From the Golden-croſs, Charing-croſs, to Hamilton-ſtreet, Piccadilly,1122
From ditto to the Old Bailey, on Ludgate-hill,1131
From the Strand, Catharine-ſtreet end, to Bow-church yard, Cheapſide,1132
From the weſt ſide of Temple-bar to Derby-ſtreet, Parliament-ſtreet,1121
From ditto to Birchen-lane, Cornhill,1133
From the firſt coach, Bridge-ſtreet, Fleet-ſtreet, to Cree-church-lane, Leadenhall-ſtreet,1126
From ditto to oppoſite Craig's-court, Charing-croſs,1125
From the firſt coach, St. Paul's church-yard, to Hungerford-market, Strand,1132
From ditto to oppoſite the Blue Boar, White-chapel,1128
From Gutter-lane end, Cheapſide, to Southampton-ſtreet, Holborn,1128
From ditto to Church-lane, Whitechapel-road,1122
From the center of the Royal Exchange, Cornhill, to Greyhound-lane, Whitechapel,1126
From ditto to oppoſite Palſgrave-Head-court, Strand,1126
From ditto to oppoſite Gray's-Inn gate, Holborn,1126
From the firſt coach near the Three Nuns, Whitechapel, to the firſt White Horſe Lane, Mile-End Road,1126
From ditto to the end of Avemary-lane, Ludgate-hill,1126
From the end of Hatton-garden, Holborn, to Lime-ſtreet, Leadenhall-ſtreet,1130
From ditto to the end of Dean-ſtreet, Oxford-ſtreet,1127
From the end of Southampton-buildings, Holborn, to Johnſon's-court, Charing-croſs,1131
From ditto to the centre of the Royal Exchange, Cornhill,1129
From the end of Red Lion-ſtreet, Holborn, to the center of the Horſe-guards, Whitehall,1133
From the Vine-tavern, Holborn, to Bow-church-yard, Cheapſide,1130
From ditto to the end of Shepherd-ſtreet, Oxford-ſtreet,1129
From the end of Rathbone-Place, Oxford-road, to the end of Paddington-road,1126
From ditto to the end of Shoe-lane, Holborn,1131
From the end of Bond-ſtreet, Oxford-road, to the end of Little Queen-ſtreet, Holborn,1127
From the end of Park-ſtreet, Oxford ſtreet, to the end of Denmark-ſtreet, St. Giles's,1128
From the Golden Lion, Piccadilly, to Chandos-ſtreet, St. Martin's-lane,1132
From ditto to the Mews-gate, Charing-croſs,1130
From the end of St. James's-ſtreet, Piccadilly, to Somerſet coffee-houſe, Strand,1128
From ditto to the Ordnance-office, St. Margaret's-ſtreet, Weſtminſter,1134
From the coach next the Haymarket, Piccadilly, to Vine-ſtreet, Milbank-ſtreet,1131
From the firſt coach, Tower-hill, to the Bell Savage, Ludgate-hill,1128
From Cateaton-ſtreet end, King-ſtreet, to Surry-ſtreet, Strand,1132
From ditto to oppoſite Featherſtone-buildings, Holborn,1127
From oppoſite the Cloſe, Clerkenwell green, to the Manſion-houſe,1123
From oppoſite Buckingham-gate, to the gate of Northumberland-houſe, Strand,1125
From ditto to the end of Turk's-row, in Burton's-row, Chelſea,1121
EIGHTEEN-PENNY FARES. The diſtance not exceeding Two Miles.
From Weſtminſter-hall gate to Watling-ſtreet, St. Paul's church-yard,1732
From ditto to oppoſite the Horſe-guards, at Knightſbridge,1728
From the center of the Horſe-guards to Mercer's chapel, Cheapſide,1728
From ditto to the end of Bear-court, Knightſbridge,1728
From the Golden Croſs, Charing-croſs, to Smith's Manufactory, Knightſbridge,174
From the Golden-Croſs, Charing-Croſs, to Bank-ſtreet, Corn-hill,1727
From the Strand, Catharine-ſtreet end, to Poor Jury-ſtreet, Aldgate,1730
From the weſt ſide of Temple-bar to Groſvenor Houſe, Milbank-row, Weſtminſter,1613
From ditto to the Red Lion and Spread Eagle, Whitechapel,1716
From the firſt coach Bridge-ſtreet, Fleet-ſtreet, to the New-road, Whitechapel-road,1721
From ditto to the turning to Queen-ſquare, Weſtminſter,1733
From the firſt coach St. Paul's Church-yard, to St. James's Palace-gate,1625
From ditto to the Lond. Hoſpital, Whitechapel,1734
From Cheapſide, Gutter-lane end, to the end of Poland-ſtreet, Oxford-ſtreet,1734
From ditto to the end of Mutton-lane, Mile-end road,1720
From the center of the Royal Exchange, Cornhill, to the Roſe and Crown. Mile-end road,1736
From ditto to the end of St. Martin's-lane,1721
From ditto to the end of Denmark-ſtreet, St. Giles's,1721
From the firſt coach near the Three Nuns, Whitechapel, to the road leading to Bow-common,1625
From ditto to Somerſet-houſe,1733
From the end of Hatton-garden, Holborn, to the end of Garden-ſtreet, Whitechapel-road,1725
From ditto to the end of Duke-ſtreet, Oxford-ſtreet,1731
From the end of Southampton-buildings, Holborn, to the end of Dartmouth-ſtreet, Tothill-ſtreet, Weſtminſter,1728
From ditto to the Red Lion and Spread Eagle, Whitechapel,1728
From the end of Red Lion-ſtreet, Holborn, to the King's-head, Lambeth-marſh,1733
From the Vine-tavern, Holborn, to the end of Poor Jury-ſtreet, Aldgate,1730
From the Vine-tavern, Holborn, to Tyburn-turnpike,1728
From the end of Rathbone-Place, Oxford-road, to the end of Bigg's-lane, in the road to Bayſwater,1716
From ditto to the end of the Old Jury, Poultry,1721
From the end of Bond-ſtreet, Oxford-road, to the end of Cow-lane, Snow-hill,1726
From the end of Park-ſtreet, Oxford-road, to Gray's-inn gate, Holborn,1725
From the Golden Lion, Piccadilly, to Palſgrave Head-court, Temple-bar,1728
From ditto to the end of Wood-ſtreet, Milbank-ſtreet, Weſtminſter,1733
From the end of St. James's-ſtreet, Piccadilly, to the firſt coach in St. Paul's church-yard,1728
From the firſt coach, Tower-hill, to the center of Exeter-Change, Strand,1731
From Cateaton-ſtreet end, King-ſtreet, to the end of Suffolk-ſtreet, Cockſpur-ſtreet,1725
From do. to the Boar & Caſtle, Oxford-ſtreet,1715
From oppoſite the cloſe, Clerkenwell-green, to the Talbot-inn, Whitechapel,1729
From oppoſite Buckingham-gate to the end of Eſſex-ſtreet, Strand,1722
From ditto to the Magpye, China-row, Chelſea,1727

N. B. Theſe diſtances are meaſured from one ſpecific point of ground to another, as above; but, upon a queſtion, there will be added the call of the coach, together with any other neceſſary departure from the right line.

From the 1ſt of Auguſt, 1786, coachmen will be entitled to the following rates:—

 L.s.d.
For one mile and a quarter, or under,010
For two miles of ground,016
For every further diſtance within half-a-mile beyond the firſt two miles,006
By Time.   
For any time not exceeding three quarters of an hour,010
For any time not exceeding one hour,016
For any time not exceeding twenty minutes, from the end of the firſt hour,006
For a day's work, reckoning twelve hours to the day,0146
By order of the Commiſſioners, EDWARD MOORE, Regiſter.

3. Coachmen, if left to themſelves, can charge only for the neareſt way, go which way they will, unleſs the neareſt road is ſtopped.

4. Coachmen may chuſe whether they will be paid for the time or the ground; the ground they go is to be meaſured from the ſtand from whence they are called.

5. If a coach is on the ſtand, the driver is obliged to go with his fare at any hour, not exceeding ten miles from London, under the penalty of 40 s.

6. No coachman need take in more than four; but if he takes five without making terms, he can take no more than his uſual fare.

7. If he is inſolent, he will be fined from 10 s. to 40 s. but generally 40 s.

8. Every coachman is obliged to have a check ſtring, which he is to hold in his hand as he drives, and to enter the coach, ſo as to ſtop him without calling, or forfeit 5 s.

9. Coachmen are obliged to trot their horſes, except up hill.

10. If a coachman takes more than his fare, he forfeits 10 s.

11. If a coach breaks down with you, you may refuſe to pay the fare.

12. If you think, when paying him, he aſks too much, tender what he aſks, and bid him, at his peril, take more than his fare; then take his number, which is fixed on the coach-door, and, on application to a juſtice of peace, or to the commiſſioners of the Hackney-coach office, who ſit every Friday, at twelve, at the office in Somerſet-place, you may obtain redreſs. The latter is the beſt place to appl [...] to, as the coach-office is acquainted with the meaſur [...] of all the ſtreets: and when you have made your complaint, if he has [96] taken more than his fare, they will ſummon him to meet you there on the next day of ſitting, and on your ſwearing to the offence, he will be fined, and the commiſſioners will give you half the penalty; if he has taken no more than his fare you will be told ſo, when you call again, and that he is not ſummoned; but this is not attended with any expence. Note, Half the penalties are given to the informer.

HACKNEY CHAIRS. The Rates or Fares are as follow:
  s.d.
13.For the firſt mile,10
 For every half-mile afterwards,06
 If paid by the hours, the firſt hour is,16
 Every hour they wait afterwards,10

14. Chairmen may chuſe whether they will be paid for the ground or the time.

15. If a chair is on the ſtand, the men are obliged to go any where on the ſtones, or forfeit 40 s. They are not obliged to carry goods on wooden horſes, but will on the chair fares; however bargain with them firſt.

16. If they take more than their fare, the penalty is 40 s.

17. If they inſult you, the penalty is 40 s.

18. Act as with coachmen, take the number of the chair, which is fixed juſt under the the top, near the hinge, and complain at the hackney-coach office, as above: if they are fined, half the fine will be given to you. No expence to you if they are not fined.

19. At the hackney-coach office they are well acquainted with the meaſure of all the ſtreets; but [...] there is any doubt, they will have the ground meaſured: in this caſe they expect the complainant to dep [...] ſix or eight ſhillings. If on meaſuring the ground the chairman is ſound right, the complainant pays the expence of meaſuring; if wrong, they pay the expence, and are fined.

20. Any one may meaſure the ground they go accurately enough to aſcertain the fare by a good map of London, and a pair of compaſſes.

PORTERS.

[97]

AT the weſt end of the town there are no regulations among porters; chairmen are chiefly employed in carrying goods and going of errands. See CHAIRMEN, No. 18. Chairmen are very unreaſonable in their demands, they will not go a hundred yards with a letter for leſs than ſixpence, and if they go a mile they expect a ſhilling. But in the city they are under very good regulations.

The city porters are divided into brotherhoods, and conſiſt of four ſorts, viz. Ticket Porters, Fellowſhip Porters, Tackle Porters, and Companies Porters.

1. Ticket Porters are all freemen, and their buſineſs is to land and ſhip off goods, exported or imported, to all parts of America, &c. alſo to houſe all merchants goods, metals, &c. go of meſſages, &c. They give a hundred pounds ſecurity for their fidelity and honeſty, and ſuch as employ them need only take notice of the names ſtamped on the ticket that hangs to their girdle, and on complaint made to their Governor at Founders Hall, Lothbury, ſatisfaction will be made to ſuch as they have injured.

2. Fellowſhip Porters are employed alſo as ticket porters. Their chief Governor is the Alderman of Billingſgate Ward, to whom complaint is to be made.

3. Tackle Porters, or ſuch ticket porters as are furniſhed with weights, ſcales, &c. and their buſineſs is to weigh goods, &c.

4. The Companies Porters land and ſhip off all goods and merchandiſe exported and imported to and from all ports near the weſt ſide of the Sound in the Baltic, Holland, France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Turkey, and all towards and beyond the Cape of Good Hope.

Rates taken by Porters.

  • Sugar, the hogſhead, 3 d.—for weighing, 4 d.
  • [...]ierce, or barrel, 2 d.—for weighing, 3 d.
  • — butt, 6 d.—for weighing, 8 d.
  • Cotton, wool, the bag, 3 d.—the ſame for weighing.
  • Ginger, the bag, 1 d.—the ſame for weighing.
  • [98]Melaſſes, the hogſhead, 3 d.—for weighing, 4 d.
  • Logwood, the ton, 1 s.—the ſame for weighing.
  • Fuſtick, the ton, 1 s.—the ſame for weighing.
  • Young Fuſtick, the ton, 1 s. 6 d.—the ſame for weighing.
  • Lignum Rhodium, the ton, 1 s.—the ſame for weighing.
  • Lignum Vitae, the ton, 1 s.—the ſame for weighing.
  • Tobacco, the hogſhead, 2 d.—the ſame for weighing.
  • — the bundle, 1 d.—the ſame for weighing.
  • Daniſh or Swediſh iron, the ton, 1 s.—the ſame for weighing.
  • Narva and Riga Hemp, the bundle, 6 d.—the ſame for weighing.

CARMEN AND CARTS.

1. IF the empty cart of any carman ſhall be ſet or found ſtanding in any other place of the city or liberties thereof, than thoſe appointed for the ſtanding thereof (unleſs while loading or unloading goods into or from the ſame), or if the number of carts, in the places already or hereafter to be appointed, ſhall, at any time, be found to exceed the number allowed by the court of Lord Mayor and Aldermen, or by the ſeſſions in London, for the ſtanding thereof, the owner of every cart offending ſhall, for the firſt offence, forfeit 5 s. for the ſecond 10 s. and for the third and every other offence, 20 s. And the beadles and conſtables, or any of the inhabitants of this city, on ſeeing any carts ſtanding in any places in the city or liberties thereof not appointed for their ſtands, or a greater number of carts at any ſtand than what are or ſhall be allowed of in that behalf, may take any ſuch cart, and the horſes thereunto belonging, or any or either of them, to the Greenyard, and ſhall there have the ſame impounded and kept, until the owner thereof ſhall have paid the penalty incurred, and the charges of impounding and detaining every ſuch cart or horſes.

2. No driver of any cart ſhall hereafter come into Thames-ſtreet by St. Magnus Church, eaſtward, with [99] his or their empty cart, before ſuch time as he or they ſhall be hired to come into the ſame ſtreet, for lading or carrying goods, but that the lanes and paſſages hereafter mentioned ſhall be uſed only for ſuch empty carts to paſs and take their way through into the ſaid Thames-ſtreet, and no other, that is to ſay, the lane leading down to Tower-dock, Bear-lane, Harp-lane, Botolph-lane, Pudding-lane, St. Michael's-lane, Lawrence Poultney-lane, Buſh-lane, Trinity-lane, and all other lanes weſtward, except the lanes and paſſages herein after limited for loaded carts to paſs through from the ſaid Thames-ſtreet, under the penalty of 5 s. for the firſt offence, and for the ſecond and every other offence 10 s.

3. The commiſſioners of the hackney-coach office are empowered to puniſh the miſbehaviour of carmen. See HACKNEY-COACHES, No. 11.

Rates to be paid for Cartage.

Note, An addition of one ſeventh part of the following charges is allowed ſince to be taken, over and above the undermentioned rates.

Every parcel of dry goods, ſuch as indigo, argol, cheeſe and all other goods (not hazardous) of the like bulk or weight, whether in one or many caſks above 19 cwt. not exceeding 25 cwt. to be deemed a load.

Ditto above 15, not exceeding 19 cwt. a ſmall load.

Ditto, not exceeding 15 cwt. an half load.

Each of the parcels of Grocery next hereafter mentioned are to be deemed as follows:

For or as a full load. Two hogſheads of ſugar, light or heavy. Three tierces of ditto, not exceeding 25 cwt. One butt and one caroteel, currants. Fifty baſkets malaga, or Denta raiſins. Thirty frails or pieces of Alexeias. Twenty barrels Belvideras or Leporas.— Twenty barrels or eighty tapneſs ſigs. One butt and a ſmall caſk Smyrna's. Five barrels of rice. Three bales of annifeed. Six barrels of almonds.

For or as a ſmall load. One butt currants or Smyrna's. One butt and one role currants. Two quarter barrels, [100] or fifty jars of raiſins of the ſun. Three puncheons of prunes.

One hogſhead of ſugar, or any parcel of grocery not exceeding 15 cwt. to be deemed an half load.

Pot or pearl aſhes weighing from 19 cwt. to 25 cwt. to be deemed a load.

One ditto, not leſs than 15 cwt. a ſmall load.

Two hogſheads of tallow, a load.

Fiſh oil, 10 barrels to be a load.

From any of the keys below the bridge to any part of lower Thames-ſtreet, up Fiſh-ſtreet hill to the Monument, up Pudding-lane, Botolph-lane, St. Mary's hill, St. Dunſtan's hill, or any of the lanes leading from Thames-ſtreet, Pudding-lane, Botolph-lane, and that part of upper Thames-ſtreet, from the bridge foot to St. Martin's-lane, St. Miles's-lane, and Old Swan.

For every load, as abovementioned, 2 s.—For every ſmall or half load, 1 s. 6 d.

From any of the wharfs between the Tower and London-Bridge, to Dyers-hall, Cold-harbour, Steel-yard, Doublehood-warehouſe, Lawrence Poultney-lane, Three Cranes, Queenhith, Queen-ſtreet hill, Cellege-hill, Dowgate-hill, that part of Fiſh-ſtreet hill above the Monument, or any of the lanes as high as both Eaſtcheaps, leading from Lower Thames-ſtreet to Tower-ſtreet. Mark-lane, Lime-ſtreet, Billiter-lane, Leadenhall-ſtreet, Duke's-place, St. Mary Ax, Biſhopgate-ſtreet within, Cornhill, Finch-lane, Lombard-ſtreet, Birchin-lane, Abchurch-lane, Clement's-lane, Gracechurch-ſtreet, both Eaſtcheaps, Philpot-lane, Rood-lane, and places of the like diſtance.

For a load, 2 s. 6 d.—For a ſmall load, 2 s.—For an half load, 1 s. 6 d.

From the keys to Broad-ſtreet, Threadneedle-ſtreet, Lothbury, Bartholomew-lane, London-wall, Coleman-ſtreet, Baſinghall-ſtreet, Old-jewry, St. Lawrence-lane, Ironmonger-lane, Milk-ſtreet, Aldermanbury, Wood-ſtreet, Cheapſide, Poultry, St. Martin's-le-grand, Newgate-ſtreet, Pater-noſter-row, St. Paul's-Church-yard, Doctors-commons, Old-change, Friday-ſtreet, Bread-ſtreet, Bow-lane, Watling-ſtreet, Baſing-lane, Bread-ſtreet-hill, Trinity-lane, Old-fiſh-ſtreet, or any part of [101] Thames-ſtreet from Queenhith to Puddle-dock, or places of the like diſtance within the gates, and alſo to Biſhopgate without, not exceeding the London Workhouſe, Aldgate High-ſtreet within Whitechapel bars, Houndſditch, and the Minories.

For a load, 3 s.—For a ſmall load, 2 s. 6 d.— For an half load, 1 s. 6 d.

From the keys to all places between the Gates and Bars (the above-mentioned articles otherwiſe aſcertained before excepted.)

For a load, 3 s. 6 d.—For a ſmall load, 2 s. 10 d.— For an half load, 2 s. 6 d.—For Yorkſhire packs, to all places within the Gates, per pack, 2 s. 6 d.—For ditto, to all places between the Gates and Bars, per pack, 3 s. —For Spaniſh wool, to any place within the Gates, per bag, 4 d.—And from all other warehouſes to Black-well-hall, and all Inns within the Gates, per bag, 3 d. For ditto to all places between the Gates and Bars, per bag, 5 d.—N. B. To carry nine bags of Spaniſh wool in a load, and no more.

Several kinds of goods, next herein after mentioned, being either not weighable, hazardous, or cumberſome, are to be carried at the rates next herein after ſpecified, viz.

Eaſt India goods, weighable, as tea, coffee, &c. to any of the company's warehouſes in Fenchurch-ſtreet, Lime-ſtreet, the Exchange, &c. 2 s. 2 d. per ton, and 2 d. per C. the over-weight.

All pieces of Arrack, containing about 150 gallons, at 2 s. 2 d. each, or a greater quantity in two or more ſmaller caſks, 2 s. 6 d.

Hamburgh, Amſterdam, Rotterdam, Scotch and Iriſh linens in cheſts, vats, bales, and packings of various weights and ſizes, from 6 d. to 3 s. per cheſt, bale, &c.

Tobacco to the reſpective merchants warehouſes, per hogſhead, 1 s.—And from all warehouſes to the water ſide, per hogſhead, 8 d.—Smyrna cotton per bag, ſacks of goats hair, wool, or of galls, or ſilk nuts, or ſpunges, or colloquintida, or bales of cotton yarn, or cheſts of drugs, or piſtachia, each 4 d.—Cyprus cotton, per bag, 9 d.—Turkey ſilk, per bale, 6 d.— bales of carpets, [102] each 1 s.—fangotts or ſacks of mohair yarn, or Fangott of ſilk, each 3 d.

For Cartage of Wine, Oil, Brandy, Rum, &c.

Two pipes, two butts, or four hogſheads of wine; two pipes, two ſmall butts, one great butt, four hogſheads, or any quantity of oil, whether in one or more caſks above 200, not exceeding 300 gallons, to be accounted a load.

One pipe and one hogſhead, or three hogſheads of wine, three hogſheads or any quantity of oil above 150, and not exceeding 200 gallons, to be eſteemed a ſmall load.

One pipe, one butt, or two hogſheads of wine; one ſmall butt, two hogſheads, or any quantity of oil not exceeding 150 gallons, to be deemed an half load.

From any of the keys below the bridge, to any part of Lower Thames-ſtreet, or any part of Upper Thames-ſtreet, as far as the Three Cranes, or to any of the lanes or hills leading from or to the above places, to Tower-ſtreet, Mark-lane, Mincing-lane, Seething-lane, Crutched-friars, Poor Jewry-lane, Fenchurch-ſtreet, Lime-ſtreet, Billiter-lane, Leadenhall-ſtreet, Duke's-place, St. Mary Ax, Biſhopſgate-ſtreet within, Cornhill, Finch-lane, Lombard-ſtreet, and any of the lanes leading from thence, Cannon-ſtreet, Walbrook, Budgerow, Gracechurch-ſtreet, both Eaſtcheaps, Philpot-lane, Rood-lane, and places of the like diſtance.

For a load, 2 s. 6 d.—For a ſmall load, 2 s.—For an half load, 1 s. 6 d.

From the keys to Broad-ſtreet, Threadneedle-ſtreet, [...]othbury, Bartholomew-lane, Coleman-ſtreet, Old-jewry, St. Lawrence lane, Ironmonger-lane, Milk-ſtreet, Aldermanbury, Wood-ſtreet, Cheapſide, Bow-lane, Bucklerſbury, Poultry, the back of the Exchange, Friday-ſtreet, Bread-ſtreet, Baſing-lane, Bread-ſtreet-hill, Trinity-lane, Old Fiſh-ſtreet-hill, and part of Thames-ſtreet weſtward of the Three Cranes, and places of the like diſtance.

For a load. 3 s.—For a ſmall load, 2 s. 6 d.—For an half load, 2 s.

From the keys to London-wall, St. Martin's-le-grand, St. Paul's Church-yard, Doctors-commons, Pater-noſter- [...]w, Newgate-ſtreet, Blow-bladder-ſtreet, Bull [103] and Mouth-ſtreet, Foſter-lane, and places; of the like diſtance within the gates; as alſo to Biſhopſgate without, Aldgate High-ſtreet within Whitechappel bars, Houndſditch, and the Minories.

For a load, 3 s.—For a ſmall load, 2 s. 6 d.—For an half load, 2 s.

From the keys to Ludgate hill, Fleet-market, Old-bailey, Snow-hill, Holborn-bridge, Smithfield, Alderſgate-ſtreet, Barbican, Redcroſs-ſtreet, Fore-ſtreet, and places of the like diſtance.

For a load, 3 s. 6 d—For a ſmall load, 3 s.—For an half load, 2 s.

From the keys to Fleet-ſtreet, Temple-bar, Fetter-lane, Holborn-hill, and places of the like diſtance.

For a load 4 s.—For a ſmall load, 3 s.—For an half load, 2 s. 6 d.

N. B. One piece and one puncheon of brandy, or two pucheons of rum, to be accounted a load.

One piece of brandy, or any quantity of rum above 150, not exceeding 200 gallons, to be eſteemed a ſmall load.

One pipe or one puncheon of brandy, one puncheon or any quantity of rum not exceeding 50 gallons, to be eſteemed a half load.

For cartage of goods from the wharfs, &c. weſtward of the bridge, the ſame parcels of goods to be accounted a load—a ſmall load—an half load—as from the kays below the bridge.

From any of the wharfs, between London Bridge and Puddle-dock to any part of Upper Thames-ſtreet, or any of the halls or lanes leading directly out of it.

For a load 2 s—For a ſmall load, 1 s. 6 d.—For an half load, 1 s. 6 d.

From any of the wharfs between London-bridge and Queenhithe, or any the warehouſes in or adjoining to that part of Upper Thames ſtreet, to all places above excepted within the gates.

For a load, 2 s. 6 d.—For a ſmall load, 2 s.—For an half load, 1 s. 6 d.

To all places between the Gates and Bars.

For a load, 3 s. 4 d.—F [...]r a ſmall load, 2 s. 6 d.—For an half load, 2 s. 2 d.

[104]From any of the wharfs between Queenhithe and Puddle-dock, or any of the warehouſes in or adjoining to that part of Thames ſtreet, to Old Fiſh ſtreet, Carter-lane, Doctors-commons, Baſing-lane, St. Paul's Church-yard, Newgate ſtreet, Cornhill, and all places within the the gates, weſtward of the ſtreets leading from Biſhopſgate to London Bridge up the hill.

For a load, 2 s. 6 d.—For a ſmall load, 2 s.—For an half load, 1 s. 6 d.

To Little Eaſtcheap, Tower-ſtreet, Fenchurch-ſtreet, Lower Thames-ſtreet, Crutched-friars, and all places within the gates, eaſtward of the ſtreets leading from Biſhopſgate to London Bridge, as alſo to Ludgate-hill, Old-bailey, Fleet-market, Holborn-bridge, Snow-hill, Smithfield, Alderſgate-ſtreet, Barbican, and all other places weſtward of Cripplegate within the bars

For a load, 3 s.—For a ſmall load, 2 s. 6 d.—For an half load, 2 s.

To Fore-ſtreet, Whitecroſs-ſtreet, Biſhopſgate-ſtreet without, Houndſditch, and all other places eaſtward of Cripplegate within the bars.

For a load, 3 s 6d.—For a ſmall load, 2 s. 10 d.—For an half load, 2 s. 2 d.

For the cartage of goods from London to the city of Weſtminſter, the Borough of Southwark, and the other outparts and Suburbs of London, and all places adjacent, from the kays.

One hogſhead of ſugar, or any parcel of grocery not exceeding 15 hundred weight, to be deemed half a load.

Pot or pearl aſhes, weighing from 19 to 25 hundred weight, one load.

One caſk, not leſs than 15 hundred weight, half a load.

Two hogſheads of tallow, one load.

Wine, Olive Oil, Brandy, Rum, &c. as follows, viz.

Two pipes, two butts, or four hogſheads of wine; one piece and one puncheon, two puncheons or pipes of brandy, two puncheons of rum; two pipes, two ſmall butts, one great butt, four hogſheads, or any quantity of oil, whether in one or more caſks, above 200, not exceeding 300 gallons, to be accounted a load.

[105]One pipe and one hogſhead, or three hogſheads of wine, one pipe or one puncheon of brandy; three hogſheads or any quantity of oil, rum, &c. above 150, not exceeding 200 gallons, to be eſteemed a ſmall load.

One pipe, one butt, or two hogſheads of wine; one pipe or one puncheon of brandy; one puncheon of rum; one pipe, one ſmall butt, two hogſheads, or any quantity of oil not exceeding 150 gallons, an half load.

Fiſh oil, ten barrels to be (and not hazardous) a load.

From any of the keys below the bridge, or from Cannon-ſtreet, Lombard-ſtreet, Leadenhall-ſtreet, and places of the like diſtance, not exceeding Cornhill, Biſhopſgate-ſtreet within, Walbrook, Budge-row, Queen-ſtreet hill, and Queenhithe, to any part of the High-ſtreet in the Borough of Southwark as far as St. George's church, to any of the wharfs in Tooley-ſtreet not exceeding Symond's wharf, and places adjacent of the like diſtance.

For every load of dry goods and grocery, as above mentioned, 2 s. 6 d.—For a ſmall load of ditto, 2 s. — For an half load of ditto, 1 s. 6 d.

Wine, Olive Oil, Rum, &c. from and to the above mentioned places.

For a load, 3 s.—For a ſmall load, 2 s. 6 d.—For an half load, 2 s.

From any of the above-mentioned keys and above-mentioned places to the Bank-ſide, Gravel-lane, Deadman's-place, Blackman-ſtreet, Kent-ſtreet, White-ſtreet, Long-lane, Bermondſey-ſtreet, St. Saviour's-dock, or Dock-head, Shad-Thames, Black's-fields, or any of the wharfs in Tooley-ſtreet below Symond's-wharf, and all places adjacent of the like diſtance.

For every load of dry goods and grocery, as above-mentioned, 3 s.—For every ſmall load of ditto, 2 s. 6 d. —For an half load of ditto, 2 s.

Wine, Oil, Brandy, Rum, &c. to the above mentioned places.

For a load, 4 s.—For a ſmall load, 3 s.—For an half load, 2 s. 6 d.

[106]The bridge and bridge-yard toll to be paid by the merchants.

From any of the kays below the bridge, any of the hills or lanes leading from Lower Thames-ſtreet, from Tower-ſtreet, Fenchurch-ſtreet, Leadenhall-ſtreet, Gracechurch-ſtreet, Biſhopſgate-ſtreet within, and all places adjacent on the eaſt ſide of the ſtreets leading from Biſhopſgate to the bridge, to Chancery-lane, the Strand from Temple-bar as far as the New Church, the Butcher-row, and places adjacent of the like diſtance.

For every load of dry goods or grocery, 4 s.—For a ſmall load of ditto, 3 s.—For an half load, 2 s.

Wine, Olive, Oil, Brandy, Rum, &c. from and to the above places.

For a load, 4 s. 6 d.—For a ſmall load, 3 s. 6 d.— For an half load, 3 s.

To that part of the Strand beyond the New Church, St. Martin's-lane, Long-acre, Drury-lane, Covent-garden, Seven-dials, Monmouth-ſtreet, Lincoln's-inn-fields, Clare-market, High-holborn, St. Giles's, as far as the church, Gray's-inn-lane, Red-lion-ſtreet, Bloomſbury, and places adjacent of the like diſtance.

For a load of dry goods or grocery, 5 s.—For a ſmall load, 4 s.—For an half load, 3 s.

Wine, Olive Oil, Brandy, Rum, &c. to the above places.

For a load, 5 s. 6 d.—For a ſmall load, 4 s. 6 d.— For an half load, 4 s.

To Charing-croſs, Whitehall, or any part of Weſtminſter as far as Buckingham-gate, St. James's-ſtreet, Piccadilly to the end of Dover-ſtreet, Old Bond-ſtreet, Conduit-ſtreet, Newport-market, Soho, Oxford-road to the end of Great Swallow-ſtreet, and places adjacent of the like diſtance.

For a load of dry goods or grocery, 6 s.—For a ſmall load, 4 s. 6 d.—For an half load, 4 s.

Wine, Olive Oil, Brandy, Rum, &c. to the above places.

For a load, 7 s.—For a ſmall load, 5 s. 6 d.—For an half load, 4 s. 6 d.

To Groſvenor-ſquare, May-fair, Berkeley-ſquare, [107] Hanover-ſquare, New Bond-ſtreet, Cavendiſh-ſquare, and places of the like diſtance.

For every load of dry goods or grocery, 7 s.—For a ſmall load of ditto, 5 s. 6 d.—For an half load of ditto, 4 s. 6 d.

Wine, Olive Oil, Brandy, Rum, &c. to the aforeſaid places.

For a load, 8 s.—For a ſmall load, 6 s. 6 d.—For an half load, 5 s.

From the keys to Goodman's-fields, Eaſt Smithfield, the Hermitage, Whitechapel without the bars as far as George-yard, not exceeding Dirty-lane, and places adjacent of the like diſtance.

For every load of dry goods or grocery, 3 s.—For a ſmall load of ditto, 2 s. 6 d.—For an half load of ditto, 2 s.

Pot or Pearl Aſhes, weight as before deſcribed.

For a load, 3 s. 6 d.—For a ſmall load, 2 s. 6 d.— For an half load, 2 s.

Fiſh oil, for a load, 3 s.

Wine, Olive Oil, Brandy, Rum, &c. to the aforeſaid places.

For a load, 3 s.—For a ſmall load, 2 s. 6 d.—For an half load, 2 s.

To Whitechapel, Church-lane, Field-gate, Nightingale-lane, Virginia-ſtreet, Wellcloſe-ſquare, and places of the like diſtance.

For every load of dry goods or grocery, 3 s. 6 d.— For a ſmall load of ditto, 2 s. 10 d.—For an half load of ditto, 2 s. 3 d.

Wine, Olive Oil, Brandy, Rum, &c. to the aforeſaid places.

For a load, 4 s.—For a ſmall load, 3 s.—For an half load, 2 s. 6 d.

To Ratcliff-highway, Wapping, Old Gravel-lane, Cock-hill, Shadwell, and places adjacent of the like diſtance.

For a load of dry goods or grocery, 4 s.—For a ſmall load of ditto, 3 s.—For an half load of ditto, 2 s. 6 d.

[108]Wine, Olive Oil, Brandy, Rum, &c. to the above places.

For a load, 5 s.—For a ſmall load, 4 s.—For an half load, 3 s. 6 d.

To Ratcliff-croſs, Stephney-cauſeway, Limehouſe, Bell-wharf, Shadwell-dock, and all places adjacent of the like diſtance.

For a load of dry goods or grocery, 5 s.—For a ſmall load of ditto 4 s.—For an half load of ditto, 3 s. 6 d.

Wine, Brandy, Rum, Olive Oil, &c. to the above places.

For a load, 6 s.—For a ſmall load, 5 s.—For an half load, 4 s.

From the keys to Spitalfields, Shoreditch, Moorfields, Windmill-hill, Chiſwell-ſtreet, and places adjacent of the like diſtance,

For a load of dry goods and grocery, 4 s.—For a ſmall load of ditto, 3 s.—For an half load of ditto, 2 s. 6 d.

Wine, Oil, Brandy, Rum, &c. to the above places.

For a load, 4 s. 6 d.—For a ſmall load, 3 s. 6 d.— For an half load, 2 s. 6 d.

To Old-ſtreet, that part of Whitecroſs-ſtreet out of the freedom of the city, Golden-lane, Goſwell-ſtreet, St. John-ſtreet beyond the bars, Clerkenwell, Leather-lane, Saffron-hill, Hockley in the Hole, and all places adjacent of the like diſtance.

For every load of dry goods or grocery, 4 s.—For a ſmall load of ditto, 3 s.—For an half load of ditto, 2 s. 6 d.

Wine, Olive Oil, Brandy, Rum, &c. to the aforementioned places.

For a load, 4 s. 6 d.—For a ſmall load, 3 s. 6 d.— For an half load, 2 s. 6 d.

And as to all other places and goods not before particularly mentioned, the ſame are to be carried and paid for in the manner following; that is to ſay,

All goods, wares, and merchandizes whatſoever, weighing 14 cwt. or under, ſhall be deemed half a load; and from 14 cwt. to 26 cwt. ſhall be deemed a load from any part of the city; and the rates for carrying thereof ſhall be as follows:

[109]For any way not exceeding half a mile, for half a load, 1 s. 6 d. not above a load, 2 s. 6 d.

For any way to the extenſion of a mile, for half a load, 2 s. not exceeding a load, 3 s.

For any way to the extenſion of one mile and a half, for half a load, 2 s. 6 d. and not exceeding a load, 3 s. 6 d.

For any way to the extenſion of two miles, for half a load, 3 s. and not exceeding a load, 4 s.

For any way within two miles and an half, for half a load, 3 s. 6 d. and not exceeding a load, 5 s.

For any way within three miles, for half a load, 4 s. and not exceeding a load, 5 s.

For any way within three miles and an half, for half a load, 4 s. 6 d. and not exceeding a load, 5 s. 6 d.

For any way within four miles, for half a load, 5 s. and not exceeding a load, 6 s.

And ſo after the ſame rate, to the extent of ground limited by act of parliament.

And for all merchandizes and commodities that cannot be divided, weighing above 26 cwt. the carman ſhall, over and above the rates above mentioned, receive and be paid after the rate of 2 d. per cwt. for every cwt. exceeding 26 cwt. and ſo in proportion for leſs than a cwt.

4. If any diſpute ariſe between the employer and the carman about the diſtance of ground that goods have been carried, or the weight of the goods, either party is to apply to the Lord Mayor, or any juſtice of the peace of the city; and the ground ſhall be meaſured by ſome perſon to be appointed for that purpoſe by the Lord Mayor, and any ſuch juſtice to whom ſuch application ſhall be made. And if a diſpute ariſes concerning the weight of the goods carried, the ſame ſhall be weighed, if it can conveniently be done, and the party in default ſhall pay all ſuch expences as ſhall be aſcertained to be reaſonable by the magiſtrate before whom the parties ſhall have been heard.

5. Any perſon may chuſe what cart he pleaſes to employ in his work (except ſuch as ſtand for wharf-work, tackle-work, and crane-work, which are to ſtand in order, and to be taken in turn). And that every carman [110] who ſtands with his empty cart next to any goods that are to be laden, being firſt in turn, ſhall, on the firſt demand, load the ſame without any delay, or bargaining for any other pay than is hereby appointed. And if the firſt, or any other cart, ſhall refuſe to work, or delay to load any goods, upon requeſt made for that purpoſe, every perſon ſo refuſing or delaying ſhall forfeit for every ſuch offence the ſum of 10 s. and the driver of the next cart in order, who will carry the goods, ſhall be at liberty to take the ſame: and if any carman ſhall refuſe ſo to do, he or they ſo refuſing ſhall forfeit and pay, for every time he or they ſhall ſo offend, the ſum of 10 s. And if any employer ſhall refuſe to employ the next cart in order at wharf-work, tackle-work, and crane-work, he ſhall forfeit and loſe the ſum of 10 s.

6. All the wharfs between London-Bridge and the Temple to be uſed in turn-keeping, as the cuſtom is below bridge.

7. The carman who is firſt in the morning at any of the ſaid wharfs ſhall have the firſt load, he having his horſe in the cart, and giving attendance for his labour; and if abſent, then to take the other whoſe turn is next; and whoſoever refuſeth to load, ſhall forfeit and pay, for every time he ſhall ſo offend, 10 s.

8. No carman ſhall come to any of the wharfs between the Bridge and Tower-wharf before four in the morning in ſummer, and ſeven in winter, unleſs a merchant has extraordinary occaſion for his coming ſooner, under the penalty of 5 s.

9. No owner or driver of any cart for hire in London, &c. ſhall demand or take for his fare, for the carriage of any goods within the diſtance preſcribed by the act of parliament, more money than by the above rates are limited for the ſame, or as ſhall be appointed by any ſubſequent rules made in purſuance of the ſaid act of parliament. And if any ſuch owner or driver of any cart or car ſhall miſbehave himſelf therein, or ſhall refuſe to come with his car when called to be hired, or to take in loading into his car or cart, or ſhall utter any abuſive language, or offer any inſult to his employer or employers, their ſervants or agents, he or [111] they ſo offending in any of the caſes aforeſaid, ſhall forfeit, for every time he offends, 20 s.

10. The driver of every cart within the diſtance before mentioned, ſhall aſſiſt in loading and unloading the goods, wares and merchandiſes into and out of the ſame; and if he ſhall refuſe ſo to do, his employers may retain out of his fare what any other perſon ſhall be reaſonably paid for aſſiſting in his ſtead to load or unload the ſame, and the ſum of 2 s. 6 d. beſides, by way of penalty; and in caſe of any difference about the ſame, ſome juſtice of peace within the ſaid limits ſhall aſcertain the ſum to be ſo paid.

11. Every owner of a cart, which ſhall be worked for hire within the diſtances before mentioned, ſhall have his name placed in full length, painted in large capital letters, not leſs than three inches long, and broad in proportion, on ſome conſpicuous part of the front of his cart or car; and ſhall from time to time take care to continue and keep the ſame there, ſo as always to appear plain and legible. And on the alteration of the property of any cart, the new owner is, in like manner, to cauſe his name to be forthwith put and kept thereon. And if any owner ſhall omit to have his name on his cart, in manner aforeſaid, or any one ſhall drive for hire a cart in London, &c. without the real owner's name in manner aforeſaid thereon, or if any one ſhall wilfully obliterate or alter the figure or number of any cart, or the name of any carman, which ſhall have been painted on his cart or car, every perſon on being convicted thereof before the Lord Mayor or any juſtice of the peace in London, ſhall, for every ſuch offence, forfeit 20 s.

12. All carts, during the time of loading and unloading thereof, within the ſtreets of the city of London, and the liberties thereof, ſhall ſtand ſideways the long way of the ſtreet, and not croſs the ſame, and as cloſe to the ſide of the ſtreet where they are loading and unloading as they can, ſo as paſſengers and coaches, and other carts may paſs by, if the ſtreet is of ſufficient width to allow two carriages to paſs together therein (except where the ſituation of the place, or the package of the goods, makes it neceſſary [112] to load or ſtrike directly.) And if any carman ſhall ſtand in any ſtreet with his cart, not being loading o [...] unloading goods, every ſuch carman ſhall draw away immediately at the requeſt of any perſon, to let ſuch perſon or any carriage paſs by, if the ſtreet will allow thereof, under the penalty that every one offending in the premiſſes ſhall, for every time he or they ſhall ſo offend therein, in any of the caſes in this order mentioned, forfeit 10 s.

13. No perſon under the age of 16 years ſhall be employed to drive or manage horſes in carts, under the penalty of 20 s. to be paid by the owners of every ſuch cart or car, every time any perſon under the age of 16 ſhall be convicted before any juſtice in London, of driving any horſe in any cart in London.

14. Every cart ſhall be allowed to contain in length, between the tug-hole and the fore-ear breadth, ſix feet ſix inches, and no more; and in breadth, between the two raves in the body of the cart, four feet ten inches of aſſize, and no more; and in length, from the fore-ear breadth to the end of the cart, ſeven feet and one inch, and no more. And if any cart ſhall at any time be worked in London of greater length or breadth, the ſame may be ſeized and ſent to the green-yard, and the owner thereof ſhall, for every ſuch offence, forfeit 20 s.

15. If the driver of any cart ſhall leave his cart in the ſtreet or common paſſage of the city by night, he ſhall forfeit for every time 5 s. beſides making ſuch recompence to the party who ſhall ſuſtain damage thereby, as any juſtice of the peace in London ſhall direct.

16. If the driver of any cart ſhall feed his horſes in the ſtreet, ſave with oats out of a bag, or with ſuch hay as he ſhall hold in his hands, or in a baſket, or leave his cart and horſes in the ſtreet, without ſome perſon to look after the ſame, the owner of every cart ſhall, for every ſuch offence, forfeit 5 s.

17. If the driver of any cart or car ſhall ſuffer the horſes in his cart to trot in the ſtreet, or ſhall drive them in a ſpeedier courſe than his cart is uſually drove when loaded, he ſhall forfeit, for every ſuch offence. 10 s.

[113]18. If the driver of any cart for hire in London, or the liberties thereof, ſhall not, from time to time, lead his thill-horſe by the head, with an halter not longer than five feet, he ſhall forfeit and pay, for every time he ſhall offend, 5 s.

19. The driver of every empty cart in London ſhall, from time to time, give way to a loaded carriage, and to a coach, &c. under the penalty of 20 s. for every offence.

20. The driver of any cart who ſhall wilfully miſbehave himſelf, or who ſhall deſignedly hinder or interrupt the free paſſage of any of his Majeſty's ſubjects, or their coaches or other carriages, in any of the public ſtreets or paſſages in the city of London, or the liberties thereof, during the time he is not loading nor unloading his cart, ſhall, on being convicted thereof before any juſtice of the peace in London, forfeit and pay, for every time he ſhall ſo offend, the ſum of 20 s.

21. If any one ſhall refuſe to pay the owner or driver of the cart employed the money juſtly due for his fare, or ſhall in any wiſe abuſe the carman, or miſbehave towards him, the Lord Mayor, or any juſtice in London, on application of the carman to him, ſhall cauſe the parties to come before him, and examine, from time to time, into the matter complained of, and thereupon make ſuch order of payment of the [...] and recompenſing the carman for his loſs of time, and for any injury he ſhall have ſuſtained, and any expences he ſhall have been at, as ſhall be juſt; and the party found in default ſhall thereupon forthwith pay the money ordered to be paid by ſuch magiſtrate, under the penalty of 5 l.

22. If any one ſhall cauſe the driver of any cart to wait above half an hour for the loading of any goods into the ſame, or unloading of goods thereout (the carman being willing to help to load or unload the ſame) he or they ſo offending ſhall pay for the ſame forthwith to the carman, after the rate of 6 d. for every half hour, from the expiration of the firſt half hour, which the cart ſhall be detained.

23. No carman ſhall be compellable to carry any load of goods above three miles from the city and liberties [114] thereof, after two of the clock in the afternoon, from Michaelmas to Lady-day, or after four from Lady-day to Michaelmas.

24. In caſe the owner of any cart worked in London for hire ſhall not deliver up, to be brought before a magiſtrate, any driver thereof, charged with any offence againſt any of the rules or orders aforeſaid, within ſeven days after complaint made to any magiſtrate againſt any ſuch driver, and notice thereof given or left at the uſual place of abode of the owner of any ſuch cart, then the owner of every ſuch cart ſhall be liable to anſwer and pay the penalty incurred by any ſuch driver; and if the driver ſhall be afterwards found, and ſhall not make ſatisfaction forthwith to his maſter, for what he ſhall have paid for any ſuch driver's miſbehaviour, neglect or default, every ſuch driver ſhall forfeit 5 l. for every ſuch default.

25. The Lord Mayor of the city, or any juſtice of the peace of the ſaid city, before whom any offender ſhall be brought, and be convicted, may leſſen, mitigate, or remit, any of the ſaid penalties, ſo as not to remit above one-half of the penalty inflicted for the offence.

26. All penalties by theſe orders, or any of them inflicted, ſhall be levied by diſtreſs and ſale of the offender's goods, by warrant under the hand and ſeal of the juſtices of the peace. One moiety of all penalties and forfeitures is to be paid to the perſon who ſhall proſecute to conviction any perſon who ſhall break the ſaid orders, and the other moiety to the overſeers of the poor, if there ſhall be any, of the pariſh or place in which the offence ſhall be ſo committed, or the offender ſhall have been apprehended.

27. Magiſtrates of the city of London are to ſettle the rates of carrying goods between London and Weſtminſter. 30 Geo. 2. c. 22.

ON WALKING LONDON STREETS.

[115]

1. IN walking through London, you may always find your way, if, before you ſet out, you will conſult a map of London, and attend to the names of the ſtreets and courts, which are always painted on a board againſt the houſes, at the corner of each ſtreet or court.

2. If you wiſh to walk ſafe, never paſs under any goods, &c. that are drawing up to the top of a houſe by a crane, nor paſs a houſe where the bricklayers are at work, leſt any thing ſhould fall on your head; it is adviſeable, on ſuch occaſions, to croſs the way: and if you would ſave your clothes, never paſs under a lamp, whilſt the lamp-lighter is triming it, nor go near any rails, &c. freſh painted; or conteſt the way with a baker, barber, chimney-ſweeper, barrow-woman, &c.

3. If the wall or houſes are on your right hand, keep the wall and you will have no interruption, every one will give way.

4. But don't diſpute the wall with a cart or carriage, leſt you ſhould be cruſhed.

5. Never ſtop in a crowd, or to look at the windows of a print-ſhop or ſhew-glaſs, if you would not have your pocket picked.

6. Do not walk under a pent-houſe, leſt perſons watering flower-pots, or other ſlops, ſhould drop upon your head.

7. Be careful, if you meet a porter carrying a load upon his head, that you do not get a blow that may be fatal.

8. If you walk with an umbrella, and meet a ſimilar machine, lower yours in time, leſt you either break it, or get entangled with the other.

9 One ſide of the way is generally ſhady; it is not neceſſary perhaps to recommend croſſing to the ſhady ſide in ſultry weather, or keeping to windward when the duſt flies.

10. In wet weather look where you ſtep; if you would not be ſplaſhed, don't tread on a looſe ſtone.

[116]11. Don't haſtily croſs a ſtreet when a coach is coming up, leſt your foot ſhould ſlip and you be run over.

12. In froſty weather it is adviſeable to walk in the coach-ways, which are not ſo ſlippery as the foot-paths; and to bind a piece of cloth-liſt round one of your ſhoes, it will ſave you many a fall.

13. It is very dangerous walking in a thick fog, as you cannot ſee the danger before you; people who walk in London ſhould always look before them, both above and below.

14. It would be prudent for the men to have their coat-pockets open in the lining within; this will often prevent them from being picked. At leaſt every one ſhould attend to his pocket at night, or as he paſſes a crowd.

WATERMEN's RATES.

 Oars.Scull.Comp.
 s.d.s.d.d.
FROM London to Graveſend,609
— Grays,508
From London to Greenhithe,408
— Purfleet,468
From London-Bridge to Erith,408
From London to Woolwich,305
— Blackwall,26104
— Greenwich,20134
— Deptford,16103
— Limehouſe,1006
— Wapping Dock,0804
— Rotherhithe Church,0603
From St. Olaves to ditto,0804
Billingſgate to St. Olaves or St. Swiny,0603
Acroſs the water,0002
London Bridge to Somerſet-ſtairs, or oppoſite,0603
— to Weſtminſter,1006

[117]

 s.d.s.d.s.d.
Below Somerſet-ſtairs to Weſtminſter Bridge,0804
London Bridge, or below Somerſet-ſtairs to Lambeth or Vauxhall,1609
Whitehall or Weſtminſter Bridge to ditto,0804
Somerſet-ſtairs and above to Vauxhall,1006
Blackfryars Bridge to Lambeth,0804
London to Wandſworth,201004
— Barnelms,2605
— Mortlake,3006
— Brentford,3606
— Iſleworth,4008
— Richmond,5608
— Teddington,5009
— Kingſton,6009
— Hampton-Court,6010
— Town,7010
— Wey-Bridge or Cheſter,10010
— Staines,12010
— Windſor,14020

2. No more than ſix perſons to be taken in for one fare.

3. If a waterman plys you, he is obliged to carry you; but as his number is on his boat and out of ſight, don't tell him where you are going till you are in the boat; if he refuſes to carry you after this, he forfeits 20 s. to the waterman's company. If he takes more than his fare, or inſults you, the penalty is 40 s. Any complaint to be made at Waterman's Hall, near London Bridge: here you attend twice, once to ſummon him, and again to have the complaint heard. The beſt method is to have him before the Lord Mayor, who will fine him, or perhaps commit him to priſon, according to the offence. As he will be found out by his number, which is painted on the ſide of the boat within, be ſure to examine this, and remember it.

4. No waterman, if you take the boat to yourſelf, can take any other perſon in without your leave, or on pain of being fined.

5. No waterman ſhall uſe his boat on the Thames on Sundays, without a licence from a juſtice, under the [118] penalty of 5 s. 11 & 12 W. c. 21. except ferrymen b [...] tween Vauxhall and Limehouſe.

6. No tilt-boat, row-barge, or wherry, to take at o [...] time more than thirty-ſeven paſſengers, and three mo [...] by the way; nor in any other boat or wherry mo [...] than eight, and two more by the way; nor in any fe [...] ry-boat or wherry, allowed to work on Sundays, an [...] more than eight paſſengers, on pain of forfeiting f [...] the firſt offence 5 l. for the ſecond offence 10 l. an [...] for the third offence to be disfranchiſed for twelv [...] months from working on the river, and from enjoyin [...] the privileges of the company: and in caſe any perſo [...] ſhall be drowned, where a greater number of paſſenge [...] is taken in than is allowed, the watermen ſhall [...] deemed guilty of felony, and tranſported as felons.

7. Any waterman or wherryman, who wilfully o [...] negligently loſe their tide from Billingſgate to Grave ſend, or from thence to Billingſgate, by putting aſhor [...] for other paſſengers, or by waiting or loitering by th [...] way, ſo that the firſt paſſengers ſhall be ſet on ſhor [...] two miles ſhort of the place to which they are bound ſuch paſſengers ſhall be diſcharged from paying an [...] thing for their paſſage.

8. Any waterman who ſets up a ſail between Lambeth and London-bridge, upon complaining, as befor [...] mentioned, forfeits, for each offence, 5 s.

POST-HORSES, as far as relates to Travellers.

1. EVERY perſon letting horſes for travelling poſt, ſhall take, for the King, three halfpence for every mile each horſe is to travel; for which he ſhall deliver a ticket to the traveller, ſpecifying the number of horſes employed, and the miles they are to go, ſigned by the maſter of the houſe: if hired by the day, the words, "for a day," and the amount of the duty paid, to be on the ticket, which is 1 s. 9 d. for each horſe. 25 Geo. 3. c. 51.

[119]2. Travellers are to deliver ſuch tickets at the firſt turnpike they paſs through, or pay 1 s. 9 d. for each horſe; if the horſe and carriage be hired for the day, the turnpike keeper ſhall give the traveller a ticket in exchange, with the words "received day-ticket" on it, which ticket ſhall be ſhewn at every gate the traveller paſſes through that day, or he ſhall pay 1 s. 9 d. for each horſe, which the toll gatherer ſhall have to his own uſe. Ibid.

3. If the horſes, &c. be hired for two or more days, no duty is paid for them, but the innkeeper, &c. muſt deliver the traveller a certificate, with the words ‘hired for two or more days’ on it, and ſigned with his name, the day of the month, and place of his abode; and the perſon travelling in ſuch carriage, or the driver, ſhall deliver ſuch certificate at the firſt turnpike, for which the gate-keeper ſhall give a check ticket in return, with the words on it, "certificate delivered." This ticket to be ſhewn at every turnpike gate through which the carriage paſſes, or the traveller ſhall pay 1 s. 9 d. for each horſe, which the gate-keeper ſhall have for himſelf. Penalty on perſons iſſuing falſe or erroneous certificates to evade the duty, 20 l. Ibid.

4. No traveller ſhall pay for more miles than ſpecified on the ticket. Filling up tickets falſely ſubjects the filler to a penalty of 10 l. Ibid.

5. Horſes hired for leſs time than two days, are deemed hired for the day. Ibid. ſ. 25.

6. No perſon at whoſe houſe any traveller ſhall change horſes, ſhall let them otherwiſe than by the mile or ſtage, on pain of 10 l. Ibid.

7. Where innkeepers, &c. cannot furniſh horſes to travellers, and they go on with the ſame horſes, they ſhall nevertheleſs give the traveller a freſh ticket, properly filled up, and receive the duty thereon. Ibid.

8. All horſes hired by a mile or ſtage ſhall be deemed hired to travel poſt. Ibid. ſ. 42.

9. Poſtmaſters ſhall furniſh horſes to travel poſt, and ſhall charge 3 d. a mile for each horſe riding poſt *, and [120] 4 d. a mile for the perſon riding as guide, and ſhall not charge for any bundle of goods not exceeding eighty pounds weight, to be laid on the horſe rid by the guide, and ſhall not be obliged to carry above that weight, 9 Ann. c. 10. ſ. 14.

10. If any poſt-maſter doth not or cannot furniſh perſons riding poſt with horſes in half an hour after demand, ſuch perſons may furniſh themſelves elſewhere, and the poſtmaſter ſhall forfeit 5 l. half to the king, and half to him that ſhall ſue, with full coſts. Ibid. ſ. 20, 21, 28.

11. The price of poſt-chaiſes in London is generally 1 s. a mile, excluſive of the duty, and they generally charge a mile or two more, the firſt ſtage, than the ground meaſures, under a pretence of the ground on the ſtones. By the day a poſt-chaiſe may be hired for to go fifteen or eighteen miles, and back, for a guinea, independent of the duty; if let for more than one day they will ſometimes take leſs, perhaps 18 s. or even leſs, if taken for a longer time.

12. The hire of a one-horſe chaiſe, with the horſe, is half-a-guinea, including the duty; without a horſe, 3 s. 6 d. or 4 s. The hire of a ſaddle-horſe, including the duty, 6 s. or 7 s. according to the diſtance he is to go.

13. The hire of two chairmen by the week, is 24s. and they are always at your command.

CONVENIENCES IN LONDON.

A Man may live like a gentleman in London at a very eaſy rate, and have every indulgence he can wiſh for.

1. If he does not keep a carriage, he may hire one by the month, or week, or even by the day. A genteel coach, with glaſs windows, may be hired for the day, of thoſe who keep hackney-coaches, if beſpoke, at the price of a hackney-coach, and if you have a great-coat [121] and hat for the coachman to put on, it will be equally the ſame as if he was your own ſervant.

2. Hackney-chairs may be had at a moment's notice, paying them either for the time or ground they go, according to the cuſtomary rates, or by the week; and if you have two great coats and hats to lend the men for the time, they may be always well equipped. For ladies, a lady's chair ſhould be kept in the hall, it pays no duty. Theſe chairmen in conſtant pay will call three or four times a day for orders, and will go on meſſages alſo.

3. Good wine may be had of the wine-merchants, red or white, at 26 s. a dozen, or 2 s. 3 d. a bottle; other wines in proportion. Good bottled beer or cyder can always be bought.

4. There are bookſellers who lend books to read by the quarter. The principal Circulating Libraries in town are,

  • Hookham, in Bond-ſtreet. Here are moſt foreign books.
  • Bell, oppoſite Catherine-ſtreet in the Strand.
  • Noble, Middle-row, Holborn.
  • Vernon, Birchin-lane.
  • Boozey, King-ſtreet, Cheapſide.
  • Deſbrow, St. Martin's Court, St. Martin's-lane.

At theſe libraries you may have new publications, if volumes, to read at 3 d. a volume, have the reading of all new books, and that of their whole library, of which they have catalogues at 6 d. each, for 12 s. a year, or 4 s. a quarter, and have two books at a time, and change them every day; but at B [...]ll's, for one guinea a year, you may read all the new pamphlets and books of any value.

5. The Library of the Britiſh Muſeum, in Great Ruſſel-ſtreet, Bloomſbury, is open to the public from eleven to three, where the books may be read, and any part of them copied, in a good reading-room, with fires in winter, without any expence. Apply for admiſſion to any of the truſtees, by giving in your name, and if approved of, you will receive an anſwer for that purpoſe at the next committee-day.

[122]6. The Library at Sion-College, by London-wall, is a public one, but confined to the clergy of the city of London only.

7. The London Library, Ludgate-hill, is an inſtitution of late date, but likely to be a very valuable one. It conſiſts at preſent of 140 ſubſcribers, twelve of whom are a committee, and ſit once a week, on Tueſdays, to determine on the purchaſe of books, &c. which any ſubſcriber may recommend to their conſideration. They do not buy all the traſh that is publiſhed, but books of character, and ſuch as are worth reading, French or Engliſh, with the foreign Reviews, &c. it being the deſign of this Library to contain all thoſe great works of ſcience which it is difficult for individuals to procure, and every other work of taſte and entertainment.

Any perſon paying one guinea entrance, and one guinea per annum, becomes a member of the ſociety, and has an intereſt in the property of the whole.

Any perſon paying ten guineas si a member for life.

The Library is opened every day, Sundays excepted, from March 25, to September 29, from eleven to four, and from five to eight; and from September 29 to March 25, from eleven to four only; during which time the members may conſult any books, or ſend for them to their own houſes. A reading-room and a fire in winter.

Every member may have two books at a time, in his or her poſſeſſion; the time of keeping which is regulated by the committee, as follows:—A folio ſix weeks, a quarto one month, and an octavo a week; keeping them beyond the time is a forfeit of a trifle to the fund.

If any books be loſt or damaged, that book, or the ſet, if it belongs to a ſet, muſt be re-placed by the perſon to whom it was delivered.

Subſcribers to this Library will have the pleaſure of reading clean books, which is ſeldom the caſe at circulating libraries.

8. The French bookſellers are,

  • Becket, in Pall-mall;
  • Elmſley, oppoſite Southampton-ſtreet, Strand;
  • Hookham, in Bond-ſtreet.

[123]9. Law-books, in great variety, are to be found at Brooke's, in Bell-yard, Temple-bar, where copies of private acts of parliament may be met with which cannot be had at other places.

10. Perſons fond of whiſt will find, on enquiry among their friends, a number of card-clubs in different parts of London, that meet on an evening, where, if properly introduced, they may be admitted; as alſo to many reſpectable billiard-tables: there are three at No. 30, Charing-croſs.

11. If he is fond of diſcuſſion, by ſubſcribing two guineas a year, he may be admitted as a member of the Arts and Sciences, whoſe aſſembly-room is in the Adelphi, (but he muſt be ballotted in) where there is a general meeting every Wedneſday evening, from the firſt Wedneſday in October to the laſt in June, and where gentlemen give their opinion publicly, on the various inventions and improvements in huſbandry, &c. that are brought before them. A member muſt be propoſed by three ſubſcribers, one Wedneſday, and ballotted for the next: two-thirds of thoſe who ballot muſt be in his favour. Twenty guineas conſtitutes a member for life: each member is entitled to a volume of the Tranſactions.

12. When the parliament is ſitting. 2 s. 6 d. will admit a perſon into the gallery to hear the debates.

13. But there are debating ſocieties, where a man may be amuſed for an hour or two, occaſionally: but as the price of admiſſion is but 6 d. the company is in general none of the beſt; and of courſe, what is there heard to a ſenſible man will not prove the moſt intereſting or entertaining.

14. If a man is fond of muſic, he may ſubſcribe to a variety of concerts, as ſet forth under the head of AMUSEMENTS; and in fine weather he may be agreeably entertained between ten and twelve every morning at the Horſe-Guards in St. James's Park, where the wind-muſic of the Guards play many good pieces. Muſical inſtruments may be hired by the week; the price of a Spine [...] is 5 s. a month, of a Piano Forte or Harpſichord 10 s. other inſtruments in proportion.

[124]15. For his health there are hot-baths, at 3 s. 6 d. a time, and cold-baths at 1 s. in many parts of the town; and for his recreation, in ſummer, there are bathing-baſons of fine water—one at the Dog and Duck, in St. George's-fields—and another at Peerleſs-pool, Old ſtreet; the ſubſcription but one guinea for the ſeaſon.

A LIST of the NEWS-PAPERS publiſhed in LONDON.

DAILY MORNING PAPERS.

THE Daily Advertiſer, price two-pence halfpenny; a paper calculated for advertiſements of all kinds, being taken in by all the public houſes in London. Publiſhed near Temple-bar, Fleet-ſtreet. This paper has not the debates in Parliament, nor contains any letters or matter of entertainment.

The Morning Poſt, price three-pence, in ſavour of Adminiſtration. Publiſhed in Blake-court, Catherine-ſtreet, Strand. This paper is very extenſive in its circulation, and is received in all the faſhionable circles.

The Herald, an Oppoſition paper, price three-pence. Publiſhed in Catherine-ſtreet, Strand.

The General Advertiſer, ditto, price three-pence.— Publiſhed near St. Dunſtan's-church, Fleet-ſtreet.

The Morning Chronicle, price three-pence. Publiſhed in Dorſet-ſtreet, Saliſbury-ſquare, Fleet-ſtreet.

The Public Ledger, price three-pence. Publiſhed by Blythe, Paternoſter-row. This paper is chiefly circulated below bridge, among the ſhipping.

The Gazetteer, an oppoſition paper, price 3 d. publiſhed in Ave-Maria-lane.

The Public Advertiſer, price 3 d. publiſhed in Paternoſter-row.

The Univerſal Regiſter, price 3 d. publiſhed in Printing-houſe-ſquare, Blackfriars.

EVENING PAPERS, three Times a Week.

[125]
  • The St. James's Chronicle, price 3 d. publiſhed Tueſday, Thurſday, and Saturday, at four in the afternoon, by Baldwin, in Fleet-ſtreet, near Fleet-market.
  • The General Evening Poſt, price 3 d. publiſhed ditto, by Bew, Pater-noſter-row.
  • The London Chronicle, price 3 d. publiſhed ditto, by Wilkie. St. Paul's Church-yard.
  • The Engliſh Chronicle, an oppoſition paper, price 3 d. publiſhed ditto, oppoſite Norfolk-ſtreet in the Strand.
  • The London Evening Poſt, an oppoſition paper, price 3 d. publiſhed ditto, in the Old Bailey.
  • The Middleſex Journal, price 3 d. publiſhed ditto, by Ayre, Bridges-ſtreet, Covent-Garden.
  • The London Pacquet, price 3 d. publiſhed Monday, Wedneſday, and Friday, at four o'clock afternoon, by Blythe, Pater-noſter-row.
  • Lloyd's Evening Poſt, price 3 d. publiſhed ditto, by Bladon, Pater-noſter-row.

MORNING PAPERS publiſhed on Sunday only.

  • The Sunday Monitor, price 3 d. publiſhed by Johnſon, Ludgate-hill
  • The Sunday Recorder, price 3 d. publiſhed by Pope, Ludgate-hill.
  • The Sunday Gazette, price 3 d. publiſhed by Ayr [...], Bridges-ſtreet, Covent-Garden.

Note, Theſe papers contain the week's news, and are circulated only in London. Advertiſements in theſe papers are 5 s. 6 d. for 18 lines, and 2 d. a line afterwards.

The following are publiſhed on Friday evening only, and are circulated through the country as well as London, and contain the week's news.

  • Baldwin's Journal, price 3 d. publiſhed by Baldwin in Fleet-ſtreet.
  • Say's Craftſman, price 3 d. publiſhed in Ave-Maria-lane.
  • Britiſh Spy, [...]bliſhed at Redmain's, Creed-lane.
  • Owen's Chronicle, ditto.
  • [126] Bingley's Journal, publiſhed at Ayre's, Bridges-ſtreet, Covent-Garden.
  • Miller's Mercury, ditto.

Beſides the above, there is a paper called The Gazette, publiſhed by Government, in Warwick-lane, price 3 d. a ſheet, for as many ſheets as it contains. This contains only foreign news, and very little of it. An advertiſement in this paper is 12 s. 6 d. for about 112 words; if it exceeds that number, and under 212, the price is 10 s. more, and ſo in proportion.

Of the ſeveral morning papers thoſe moſt in circulation are, the Daily Advertiſer, Gazetteer, and Ledger, chiefly in the city; and the Morning Poſt, Morning Chronicle, and Herald, at the weſt end of the town, among the gentry.

The evening papers are circulated chiefly in the country, and thoſe moſt in circulation are the St. James's Chronicle, and the General Evening Poſt. The Gazette travels throughout all Europe.

There is alſo a French paper, circulated much abroad, and publiſhed in London twice a week, Tueſday and Friday, price 4 d. by Cox in Great Queen-ſtreet, Lincolns-inn-fields, where ſhort advertiſements of 18 lines are taken in.

The ſeveral news-papers are brought to your door regularly by news-carriers, for the prices above-menioned, of which the ſtate has three halfpence each.

Advertiſements in the front of the morning papers are inſerted, if not above 18 lines in length, for 5s. 6d. in other parts of the paper for 3s. 6d. In the evening papers the price is 4 s. each time. The price increaſes in proportion to the length, generally about a penny or three halfpence a line. Out of every advertiſement Government has 2s. 6d. An advertiſement in the Gazette, let it be ever ſo ſhort, is 10s 6d.

Letters, or eſſays, ſet up in the larger letter of newspapers, are generally paid for according to their length, at the rate of one guinea a column.

ON GOING TO PUBLICK WORSHIP.

[127]

I Believe, in this degenerate age, the beſt method of inducing people to attend the ſervice of the church, is to point out to them the penalties they are liable to for non-attendance, and to ſhew them how much they lie at the mercy of an ill-natured neighbour or a mercenary informer.

1. All perſons, having no lawful or reaſonable excuſe for being abſent, ſhall reſort to their pariſh church or chapel, or, upon reaſonable let thereof, to ſome uſual place where divine ſervice ſhall be performed, according to the liturgy and practice of the church of England, upon every Sunday and holiday, on pain of puniſhment by the cenſures of the church, or of forfeiting 1 s. for every offence to the poor, to be levied by the churchwardens by diſtreſs. 1 Eliz. c. 2. Except Diſſenters tolerated. 1 W. c. 18. Proſecution to be in one month after default. 3 J. c. 4.

2. And he who is abſent from his own pariſh church ſhall be put to prove, where he went to church. 1 Haw 13.

3. Every perſon above the age of ſixteen years, who ſhall not repair to ſome church, chapel, or uſual place of common prayer, on conviction, ſhall fofeit 20 l. a month, one third to him who ſhall ſue. 23 Eliz. c. 1.

4. And this penalty of 20 l. a month diſpenſeth not with the forfeiture of 12 d. a Sunday. 1 Haw. 13.

5. And every offender in not repairing to divine ſervice, having been once convicted (and not conforming) ſhall pay 20 l. a month into the Exchequer, in the term of Eaſter or Michaelmas, next after ſuch conviction, and alſo ſhall, without any other indictment or conviction, for every month after ſuch conviction, ſo long as he ſhall not conform, pay as much as ſhall then remain unpaid, after ſuch rate of 20 l. a month; and, in default of any part of ſuch payments, the King may by proceſs ſeize all the goods and two parts of the land of ſuch offender. 29 Eliz. c. 6. 3 J. c. 4.

6. Or the King may refuſe the 20 l. a month, though [128] duly tendered, and ſeize two parts of the lands at his option. 3 Jac. c. 4.

7. But copyhold lands are not within the ſtatute, 1 Haw. 14.

8. And every perſon who ſhall uſually on Sundays have in his ho [...]ſe divine ſervice as eſtabliſhed by law, and be thereat himſelf uſually preſent, and ſhall four times a year go to the pariſh church, or other common church or chapel, ſhall not incur any penalty for not repairing to church. 23 Eliz c. 1.

9. But this ſhall not extend to [...]alified Proteſtant diſſenters, who reſort to ſome place of religious worſhip allowed by the act of toleration. 1 W c. 18.

10. Every perſon who ſhall retain in [...] ſervice, or ſhall relieve, keep, or harbour in his ho [...]ſe, any ſervant, ſojourner, or ſtranger, who ſhall n [...] repair to church, but ſhall forbear for a month together, not having reaſonable excuſe, ſhall forfeit 10 l. for every month he ſhall continue in his houſe ſuch perſon ſo forbearing. 3 J. c. 4.

11. No recuſant convict (that is a perſon once convicted and not conforming) ſhall practice law or phyſic, nor ſhall be judge or miniſter of any court, or have any military office by ſea or land, and ſhall forfeit for every offence 100 l. 3 J. c. 5.

12. And the church-wardens and conſtables ſhall (on pain of 20 l.) preſent at the quarter-ſeſſions, once a year, the monthly abſence from church of all re [...]uſants, and the names and ages of their children above nine years of age, and the names of their ſervants. And if the party preſented ſhall be indicted and convicted, ſuch church-warden or conſtable ſhall have a reward of 40s. to be levied on the recuſant's goods. 3 J. c. 4.

13. It is difficult for new comers in to any pariſh to obtain a pew in the pariſh church: but churches are ſeldom ſo full but they may find a ſeat in the pew, of others. Indeed the pew openers, for a ſhilling now and then given them, will ſea [...] a perſon commodiouſly.

14. But at the private chapels about town, a pew to hold ſix may be rented for about 5 l. or 6 l. a year, or one perſon may be ſeated agreeable to his wiſhes for [129] 20 s. a year, and at theſe places there are generally celebrated preachers.

15. In order to obtain a pew in any of the pariſh churches, application muſt be made to the church-wardens for the time being.

NUSANCES.

1. IF the driver of any cart, car, dray or waggon, ſhall ride upon any carriage in a ſtreet or highway, not having ſome perſon on foot or horſeback to guide the ſame (ſuch carriages excepted, as are conducted by ſome perſon holding the reins of the horſes drawing the ſame); or if the driver of ſuch carriage ſhall, by negligence or wilful miſbehaviour, cauſe any hurt or damage to any perſon or carriage, in ſuch ſtreet or highway, or ſhall wilfully be at ſuch a diſtance, or in ſuch a ſituation, whilſt it ſhall be paſſing on the highway, that he cannot have the government of his horſes, or ſhall wilfully or negligently obſtruct the free paſſage of any other carriage; or if the driver of any empty or unloaded waggon, cart or carriage, ſhall refuſe to make way for any coach, chariot, chaiſe, loaded waggon, cart or loaded carriage; or if any perſon ſhall drive any coach, poſt-chaiſe, or carriage let for hire, or waggon, wain or cart, not having the owner's name, as required, painted thereon, or ſhall refuſe to diſcover the chriſtian and ſirname of the owner, every ſuch offender ſhall forfeit a ſum not exceeding 10 s. (or not exceeding 20 s. if the driver of the ſaid carriage be the owner); and in default of payment, the offender ſhall be committed to the houſe of correction, for a time not exceeding one month, unleſs ſuch forfeiture be ſooner paid. And any perſon may apprehend ſuch driver, without a warrant, and deliver him to a conſtable, to be conveyed before a magiſtrate; and if ſuch driver ſhall refuſe to tell his name, the juſtice may commit him for a time not exceeding three months, and may proceed againſt him for the penalty nevertheleſs. 13 Geo. 3. c. 84.

[130]2. Drivers of hackney-coaches are to give way to gentlemen's carriages, under the penalty of 10 s.— 1 Geo. 1. c. 57.

3. The penalty may be recovered before a juſtice, Ibid.

4. Aſſaulting in the ſtreet or highway, with intent to ſpoil people's clothes, and ſo ſpoiling them, is felony and tranſportation. 6 Geo. c. 23.

5. A perſon may juſtify an aſſault in defence of his perſon, his wife, his maſter, parent or child, within age, and even a wounding in defence of his perſon, but not of his poſſeſſion. 3 Salk. 46.

6. A perſon may juſtify an aſſault of another who menaces him, or aſſaults him, and attempts to beat him from his lawful water-courſe or highway. Pult. 48.

7. Likewiſe, if a perſon comes into my houſe, and will not go out, I may juſtify laying hold of him and turning him out. Nelſ. Aſſault.

8. Where a man is aſſaulted, and hath not witneſſes to prove the ſame, the party aſſaulted may bring an information in the Crown-office, in which caſe, the offence being indicted at the ſuit of the king, the party grieved may be admitted an evidence. 4 & 5 W. & M. c. 18.

But by this mode of proceſs, the party grieved can only puniſh the offender corporally, he cannot recover damages

9. If a man ſtrikes you, the moſt ſummary method of puniſhing him, is to have a warrant for him, and take him before a magiſtrate, where he muſt make ſatisfaction, or be bound over to the ſeſſions.

10. No words whatever can amount to an aſſault, but any injury done to the perſon of a man, in an angry inſolent manner, be it ever ſo ſmall, is actionable; for example, ſpitting in his face, joſtling him, treading on his toes, or any way touching him in anger. Ibid. Even offering to ſtrike, or threatening with any ſtaff or weapon, is an aſſault in law. Lamb libel.

11. Where a man is threatened to be beaten, or can ſwear that he goes in fear of his life, he may, before a juſtice, bind his advetſary over to keep the peace.— 1 Haw. 126. Crom. 118.

[131]12. Porters, chairmen, chimney-ſweepers, barbers, butchers, bakers, &c. joſtling people in the ſtreets, and throwing down children and infirm people, if known, may be taken before a magiſtrate by a warrant, and puniſhed, by obliging them to ſatisfy the injured party, or be committed. If not known, they may be found out by following them home.

13. The conſtable of the diſtrict, on the information in writing, of two inhabitants paying ſcot and lot, of any body keeping a bawdy-houſe, gaming-houſe, or any other diſorderly houſe in ſuch pariſh, muſt go forthwith, with ſuch inhabitants, before a juſtice, and on their making oath that they believe the ſame to be true, &c. and entering into a recognizance of 20 l. each, to produce evidence againſt ſuch perſon for ſuch offence, the conſtable muſt enter into a recognizance of 30 l. to proſecute, on pain of forfeiting 20 l. to ſuch inhabitant as gave him the notice. He ſhall be paid all expences attending the ſame by the overſeers of the poor. 28 Geo. 2.

14. Perſons appearing and acting as the maſter and miſtreſs of ſuch a houſe, ſhall be deemed the keeper. Ibid.

15. Every perſon ſhall apprehend, or cauſe to be apprehended, ſuch beggars as he ſhall ſee come to his houſe to beg, and ſhall cauſe them to be carried to the next conſtable, on pain of forfeiting 10 s. If the conſtable does not take charge of them he forfeits 5 l.— 1 Jac. 1. c. 7. 39 Eliz. c 4.

16. Perſons affecting infirmities, to excite compaſſion, and begging, may be indicted and fined. Co. Lit. 127.

17. Night-walkers of ill fame may be taken up by a conſtable, impriſoned in the watch-houſe, and taken the next morning before a magiſtrate; 5 Edw. 3. c. 14. and ſhall be bound to their good behaviour. Hawk. P. C. 132.

But though they may arreſt night-walkers by the 5th Edw. 3. c. 14. yet it has been held, that it is not lawful for a conſtable to take up any woman upon bare ſuſpicion of being of ill fame, unleſs ſhe be guilty of a breach of the peace, or ſome unlawful act, or be found by him miſdoing. 2 Hale's Pil. 89.

[132]18. If conſtables do not do their duty, magiſtrates, on complaint, will puniſh them.

19. All nuſances, not otherwiſe puniſhable, if public, are indictable at the quarter-ſeſſions; if private, are actionable.

20. Public nuſances are noiſes, ſuch as blowing of horns, &c. and offenſive trades. Private nuſances are pidgeons, pigs, foul drains, privies, overflowing ciſterns, rotten water-pipes, decayed vegetables thrown out in foot-ways, obſtructions in foot-ways, flower-pots dropping on people's heads, &c. &c. Stoppage of ſtreets, by coaches ſtanding at places of entertainment, &c. &c. are public nuſances, and indictable. In ſmells, it is not neceſſary that they ſhould be unwholeſome, to make them a nuſance, ſo that they render the enjoyment of life and property uncomfortable.

21. A maſter is indictable for a nuſance done by his ſervant. Ld. Raymond, 264.

22. Furniture or other things, if leſt an unreaſon able time on footways, ſo as to obſtruct the paſſage may be ſhoved into the ſtreet.

23. Barrows ſtanding before the door, if not removed when directed, may be overthrown.

24. Pidgeons, or poultry, if kept in the neighbourhood, and treſpaſs on your premiſes, may be ſhot.

25. Strange dogs coming on your premiſes may b [...] killed.

26. Pigs, if they treſpaſs on your premiſes, may b [...] pounded in your own premiſes; in which caſe th [...] owner muſt be made acquainted with it, and muſt either pay the damage or replevy them.

27. The owner of a maſtiff going in the ſtreet unmuzzled, (which is a nuſance from his ferocity) may be indicted. Burn, Dog.

28. If a maſtiſſ falls on another dog, the owner o [...] that dog cannot juſtify the killing him, unleſs there w [...] no other way to ſave his dog. 1 Saund. 84. 3 Salk.

29. Deſerted children left at people's doors ſhould b [...] taken to the pariſh officers, who are bound to provid [...] for them; if they refuſe to receive them, apply to [...] magiſtrate, who will give an order for that purpoſe and the perſon that deſerts them is liable to be puniſhed. [133] Cro. Eliz. 217. Owen. 98. He or ſhe ſhould be delivered into the charge of a conſtable.

30. Throwing things out of a window on a perſon's head is actionable.

31. Ballad-ſingers may be taken up by any man, as idle diſorderly perſons, and the apprehender will be entitled to 10 s. by order of a juſtice, for every vagrant ſo brought before him. And if they eſcape from the perſon apprehending them, they ſhall be puniſhed as rogues and vagabonds. Beggars may be committed to hard labour for a month, and rogues ſhall be whipped and impriſoned. 7 Jac. c. 4.

31. Coaches or carts obſtructing a footway, or a way to a man's door, the driver of them, by having him before a magiſtrate, may be fined 10 s. 13 Geo. 3. c. 78. And any perſon may apprehend ſuch offender, without a warrant, and deliver him to a conſtable. 30 Geo. 2. c. 22.

32. A proper number of conſtables, beadles, and watchmen, are to be appointed yearly, on the 1ſt day of October, by the court of Common Council for the city of London and it's liberties, and the aldermen and common-council of wards are to make aſſeſſments on the inhabitants to bear the charge thereof. 10 G. 2.

33. Perſons aggrieved by ſuch aſſeſſment may appeal to the Lord Mayor, &c. 11 Geo. 1. c. 18.

3 [...]. Any neglect of duty to be complained of to the ſitting Alderman.

35. Theſe conſtables are to watch the city, from the 10th of September to the 10th of March, frome nine o'clock in the evening to ſeven in the morning, and the reſt of the year from ten o'clock at night till five in the morning; and are to uſe their beſt endeavours to prevent fires, robberies, and diſorders; they are to go twice, or oftener, each night about their ward.

36. In the pariſhes of St. James, Weſtminſter, St. Martin in the fields, St. Paul, Covent-Garden, St. Margaret, St. John, St. Anne, Weſtminſter, and St. Andrew, Holborn; veſtries are authorized to appoint beadles and watchmen, to watch the pariſhes by night, as in the city; and the houſekeepers in their ſaid pariſhes are to defray the charges, ſo as the aſſeſſment [134] yearly does not exceed 4 d. in the pound. 8 G. 2. c. 15. 9 G. 2. c. 8, 13, 17, and 19. 10 G. 2. c. 25. If theſe men are remiſs in their duty, complain to the veſtries, and when theſe meet, may be learned of the veſtry-clerks.

37. A power of paving, lighting and cleanſing the ſtreets of London is given, in a variety of paving acts, to the veſtries of the ſeveral pariſhes, which veſtries appoint a committee of the inhabitants to carry the ſame into execution.

1. Houſeholders making complaints of bad pavements, &c. in writing to the ſurveyor appointed by the committee, he ſhall give an order to the pavier or other perſon contracting to do the buſineſs, to repair it, and if he does not in the appointed time, he ſhall forfeit 20 s. a day for every day's neglect, half to the complainant.

2. Perſons removing lamp-irons, or breaking up pavements, except in caſes of fires, without the conſent of the committee, ſhall forfeit from 10 s. to 40 s.

3. The committee may order houſes to be numbered, and perſons defacing them ſhall forfeit 5 s.

4. Perſons breaking the public lamps deſignedly, ſhall make good the damage and forfeit 20 s. half to the apprehender and half to the contracter, or be committed from ſeven days to one month, at the diſcretion of the juſtice. Perſons accidentally breaking them ſhall make them good.

5. The committee may order ſigns to be fixed flat on the houſes, and the water to be conveyed from the roof in trunks down the houſe; if not done, may employ people to do it, and charge the owner with the expence.

6. Perſons placing obſtructions or filth in the ſtreets, ſuch as coal-aſhes, dirt, rubbiſh, &c. or any ſtall-boards, baſket-wares, or merchandiſe of any kind; perſons waſhing barrels in the carriage or footways, or placing any carriage ſo as to obſtruct, except during the time of waſhing ſuch carriage, where they uſed to be waſhed before the act took place, and not removing the ſame immediately on the complaint of any one, or placing any carriage in the croſſing of the foot-ways [135] for loading or unloading, and continuing ſo longer than neceſſary; or any materials for building, unleſs incloſed with boards, ſhall forfeit from 5 s. to 10 s. And any of the committee may ſeize ſuch obſtructions, remove and retain them, till the penalty and expences are paid, and if not claimed or paid in five days, may ſell the ſame, pay ſuch expences, and return the overplus to the owner.

7. Any one may apprehend a perſon without a warrant, whom they ſee laying any filth or rubbiſh in the ſtreets, and take him before a juſtice, who ſhall fine him as above, or commit him on the oath of the apprehender, for a time not leſs than ſeven days, or more than one month, to hard labour, unleſs the fine is ſooner paid.

8. No board or hoards, to repair houſes, ſhall be erected without the conſent of the ſurveyor of the committee.

9. No perſon ſhall drive or draw any wheel-barrow or other carriage on the foot-ways, nor lead or ride any horſe, aſs, &c. on them.

10. No ſcavenger ſhall leave any rubbiſh or dirt in the ſtreets, &c. and no other perſon than a ſcavenger of the committee ſhall go about to carry away dirt, &c. If any one does, he may be apprehended and taken before a magiſtrate, who ſhall fine him from 5 s. to 20 s. half to the apprehender; and in caſe any perſon ſo carrying the duſt cannot be apprehended, the owner of the cart that carried it ſhall pay the fine. Owners may however carry away their own duſt, &c.

11. No night-ſoil ſhall be moved before twelve, and after four in ſummer, and five in winter, on pain of commitment to hard labour, for a term from ten days to one month. The apprehender ſhall be rewarded by the committee, from 10 s. to 20 s.

12. Scavengers ſhall attend once a week in every ſtreet, to cleanſe it, giving notice to the ſurveyor of the day; and the ſurveyor ſhall attend to ſee it properly done, and ſhall, at the deſire of the inhabitant, look and ſee that the duſt, &c. is carried clean off, on pain of the ſcavenger forfeiting from 5 s. to 20 s. for every neglect, half to the inhabitant complaining.

[136]13. No bow-window or projection beyond the line of the ſtreet ſhall be added to any houſe, without leave of the committee. If it be, they may pull it down.

38. All perſons within the weekly bills are to ſweep the ſtreets before their doors every Wedneſday and Saturday, on pain of forfeiting 3 s. 4 d. and perſons laying dirt, aſhes, &c. before their houſes, incur a forfeiture of 5 s. 2 W. c. 2. Complaints to be made to a magiſtrate. Ibid. Snow, ice, decayed vegetables, &c. lying before doors, are equally puniſhable as dirt or aſhes.

39. The Lord Mayor or any alderman may preſent upon view any offence of the above kind in the city of London, and aſſeſs fines not exceeding 20 s. to be paid to the chamberlain for the uſe of the city, &c. 1 G. 1. c. 48.

40. Chairmen carrying empty chairs ſhall not go on the foot pavement. Complaint to be made to the hackney-coach office, Somerſet-place.

41. It ſhall not be lawful for any perſon to make ſell or fire ſquibs, rockets, ſerpents, or other fire-works, or permit the ſame to be fired from his houſe, into any public ſtreet or road, or to throw or fire, or be aiding in the ſame, in any public ſtreet, houſe, ſhop, &c. and ſuch offence ſhall be deemed a common nuſance. 9 & 10 W. c. 7.

Makers or ſellers of fire-works ſhall, on conviction, on the oath of two witneſſes, forfeit 5 l. half to the poor and half to the proſecutor. Ibid. And whoever caſts or fires them, or permits them to be fired from his premiſes, into any public ſtreet or road, or any other houſe or place, or aiding in the firing and caſting, ſhall forfeit 20 s. in like manner, or be committed for a time, not exceeding a month. Ibid. But this ſhall not extend to the officers of the ordnance or artillery companies.

42. If any publican do ſuffer any perſon to continue drinking at his houſe, (except ſuch as ſhall be invited by any traveller, and ſhall accompany him only during his neceſſary abode there, and except labouring and handicraftſmen in cities, &c. upon the uſual working days, for one hour at dinner time, to take their diet in [137] an alehouſe, and except labourers and workmen, which for the following of their work by the day or by the great, ſhall for the time of their continuance on work in the neighbourhood, lodge and victual in any public houſe, and except for any urgent and neceſſary occaſions, to be allowed by two juſtices) he ſhall, on conviction thereof before a magiſtrate, on the oath of one witneſs, forfeit 10 s. to the poor, and ſuch alehouſe-keeper ſhall be diſabled, for the ſpace of three years, to keep any ſuch alehouſe. 1 Jac. c. 9. 1 Car. c. 4. 21 Jac. c. 7.

If any alehouſe-keeper ſhall be convicted of being drunk, on the oath of one witneſs, he ſhall be diſabled to keep any ſuch alehouſe for the ſpace of three years. 7 Jac. c. 10. 1 Car. c. 4.

If any publican ſhall knowingly ſuffer any gaming in his houſe or ground, with cards, dice, draughts, ſhuffle-boards, Miſſiſſippi, or billiard-tables, ſkittles, nine-pins, or with any other implement of gaming, by any journeymen, labourers, ſervants, or apprentices, he ſhall, on the oath of one witneſs, before a juſtice, within ſix days of the offence, forfeit for the firſt time 40s. and for every other offence 10 l. one fourth to the informer. 30 Geo. 2. c. 24. And the perſons ſo gaming, on complaint to a juſtice, ſhall be apprehended, and forfeit from 5 s. to 20 s. one fourth to the informer, or be committed to hard labour for a time, not exceeding a month, unleſs the penalty is ſooner paid. Ibid.

Now as all alehouſe-keepers offend in one or other of the above points, if you are annoyed by ſuch alehouſe, or by any perſons tippling there, you have only to ſend the maſter of ſuch houſe a copy of the above abſtract of the law, with notice, that if you are offended in like manner again, you will inform againſt him, and the nuſance will in all likelihood ceaſe.

43. All open lewdneſs, groſsly ſcandalous, is puniſhable by fine, impriſonment, &c. upon indictment at common law. 1 Haw. 7.

A wife may be indicted together with her huſband, and condemned to the pillory with him, for keeping a bawdy-houſe. 1 Haw. 2.

[138]44. Common ſcolds may be indicted. 1 Haw. 198.

45. Every perſon who ſhall be drunk, and thereof convicted before one juſtice, on the oath of one witneſs, ſhall forfeit to the poor 5 s. for the firſt offence, or be ſet in the ſtocks for ſix hours; for the ſecond offence ſhall be bound in 10 l. with two ſureties, not to commit the ſame again: the offence to be proſecuted in ſix months. 4 J. c. 5. 21 J. c. 7.

46. Drovers inhumanly treating cattle in their way to or from market, and thus, or by negligence, occaſioning miſchief, ſhall be taken by a conſtable, on complaint to him, before a magiſtrate, who, on the oath of one perſon, ſhall fine him from 5 s. to 20 s. at his diſcretion, to be paid to the informer, and, in default of payment, he ſhall be committed for a month, and publicly whipped: proſecution in twenty-four days. 14 Geo. 3. c. 87.

47. Milk and mackrell are allowed to be cried about the ſtreets on Sundays, before nine in the morning and after four in the afternoon, but at no other time of the day, on pain of forfeiting the things ſo cried. Alſo, no other perſon ſhall cry, or expoſe to ſale, any fruit, herbs, wares, &c. on any part of the Lord's day, on pain of forfeiting them. 10 & 11 W. c. 24.

48. If any perſon ſhall curſe or ſwear, and be convicted on the oath of one witneſs, before one juſtice, within eight days of the offence, he ſhall forfeit as follows: Every day-labourer, common ſoldier, or ſeaman, 1 s. every other perſon under the degree of a gentleman, 2 s. and every gentleman 5 s. for the firſt offence, to the poor, and all charges; double the ſums for the ſecond, after conviction, and treble for every offence after a ſecond conviction, or be committed to hard labour for ten days. Soldiers and ſeamen, inſtead of being committed, ſhall be ſet in the ſtocks one hour for a ſingle offence, and two hours for more offences than one. 19 Geo. 2. c. 21.

ROTATION OFFICES.

[139]

THERE are ſeveral Rotation Offices in London, where two or more magiſtrates ſit daily, in the morning, from ten to three, to hear complaints, but where the fees of office muſt be paid. They are in the following ſtreets:

  • For Weſtmiſter and the County of Middleſex:
    • Bow-Street, Covent-Garden;
    • Litchfield-Street;
    • Clerkenwell;
    • Hyde-Street, Bloomſbury;
    • St. Martin's-Street, Leiceſter-fields.
  • For the City.
    • Guildhall;
    • The Manſion-houſe.
  • For Southwark.
    • Union-Hall, Union-ſtreet, Borough.
  • For the Tower Diſtrict, and below.
    • Tower-Hill.

The expences of hearing at theſe offices is ſeldom above a few ſhillings.

STAMPS USED ON SUNDRY OCCASIONS.

1. Gloves.

WITH every pair of gloves or mittens ſold above the price of 4 d. and not exceeding 10 d. muſt be given a ſtamp of 1 d. for which the buyer is to pay. 25 Geo. 3. c. 55.

All above 10 d. and not exceeding 1 s. 4 d. a ſtamp of 2 d. Ibid.

Above 1 s. 4 d. a ſtamp of 4 d. Ibid.

[140]The penalty of ſelling without theſe ſtamps, 5 l. Ibid.

Tickets to be placed, as the commiſſioners ſhall direct, on the inſide of the right-hand glove of each pair. Uſing a ticket twice forfeits 20 l. Ibid.

Buyer or ſeller may inform againſt each other. Half the penalty, if ſued for in ſix months, to go to the informer; if after ſix months, the whole to the king. Ibid.

Any neighbouring juſtice may determine the penalties, and mitigate them to half; and compel payment, or commit the offender for three months, if the penalty is not ſooner paid. Ibid.

2. Hats.

To every man's hat of 4 s. value, or under, the ſeller muſt affix a three-penny ſtamp. 24 Geo. 3. c. 6.

Above 4 s. and not exceeding 7 s. a ſix-penny ſtamp. Ibid.

Above 7 s. and not exceeding 12 s. a ſhilling ſtamp. Ibid.

Above 12 s. value, a two ſhilling ſtamp. Ibid.

Stamp-tickets to be ſtuck in the inſide of the crown of each hat; the penalty to buyer or ſeller is 10l. Ibid.

3. Apprentices.

Indentures (except pariſh-ones) muſt be on a 6 s. ſtamp, and the maſter or miſtreſs muſt pay to the Stamp-office, within one month, 6 d. in the pound for every apprentice-fee (paid in money or value) under 51 l. and 1 s. above 50 l. or the indentures are void, and the maſter forfeits 50 l. and treble the apprentice-fee. 8 Ann. c. 9.

The full ſum given muſt be ſet down in the indentures, or the penalty is double the amount of the premium.

If double duty is paid within two years after the end of the apprenticeſhip, and before any information is lodged, the maſter ſhall be exempt from the penalties.

If apprentices behave ill, redreſs may be had by applying [141] to a magiſtrate. 5 Eliz. c. 4. 20 Geo. 2. c. 19.

4. Inventories of Goods.

All inventories or catalogues of furniture, with reference to any agreement, muſt be written on a half crown ſtamp.

5. Notes and Bills of Exchange.

1. Bills of exchange, promiſſory-notes, and drafts, under the value of 10 l. muſt be written on a three-penny ſtamp, or they are not valid. 23 Geo. 3. c. 49.

For 10 l. and under 50l. on a ſix-penny ſtamp. Ibid.

Fifty, pounds, and upwards, on a ſhilling ſtamp. Ibid.

Bank-notes are excepted. Ibid.

2. Drafts on bankers, if not payable to bearer and on demand, and the perſon drawing ſuch draft does not reſide within ten miles of ſuch banker, muſt be on a three-penny ſtamp, if the ſum drawn for be under 10 l.; a ſixpenny ſtamp, if for 10 l. and under 50 l.; if 50 l. and upwards, on a ſhilling ſtamp. Ibid. 24 G. 3. c. 7.

But if your banker will pay it, as all will, and the perſon you pay it to will take it, you may date it at a place within the ten miles.

3. Bills of exchange, and notes under 40 s. value, are exempted from the ſtamp-duty. 24 Geo. 3. c. 7.

4. Perſons drawing bills or notes, that ought to be ſtamped on unſtamped paper, are liable to pay 5l. if proſecuted within twelve months. Ibid.

5. The perſon drawing any bill of exchange or draft, or giving any promiſſory-note, muſt pay the price of the ſtamp. Ibid.

6. Notes of hand or inland bills of exchange, under 5 l. muſt be ſigned by one witneſs, and they muſt be payable within 21 days of the date, and the chriſtian and ſirname of the perſon to whom they are made payable, with his place of abode, muſt be added in the notes, or ſuch notes are of no value, and the perſon [142] who iſſues them is liable to pay from 5 l. to 20 l. or, in default of payment, to ſuffer three months impriſonment. 17 Geo. 3. c. 30. This law, if not continued, will expire in 1787.

The following is a proper note of hand under 5 l.

Twenty-one days after date, I promiſe to pay to Mr. James Webb, of Devizes, or order, the ſum of four pounds fifteen ſhillings, value received.

Witneſs, JAMES BURNS. J. PEARSON.

The indorſer, on paying ſuch a note away, muſt write on the back, "Pay the contents to A. B. or his order," and ſign it, or be liable to the ſame penalties, Ibid.

6. Receipts.

1. Receipts for any ſum amounting to 40 s. and under 20 l. muſt be written on a two-penny ſtamp; for 20 l. and upwards on a four-penny ſtamp, or they are of no value; except bankers' receipts, or receipts on the back of any ſtamped note of hand or bill or exchange, or worded as a letter, acknowledging the arrival of any remittance, or any receipt indorſed or contained on the body of a ſtamped deed; or any receipt given for any dividend on ſtock, or for any pay or penſion paid by government. 23 Geo. 3. c. 49.

Receipts in which the ſum mentioned ſhall be in full or as a ſatisfaction of all demands, and all general acknowledgements of debts or demands being diſcharged ſhall be deemed and taken to be receipts for above the ſum of 20 l. and muſt be on a four-penny ſtamp. Ib [...]

2. The perſon requiring the receipt ſhall pay th [...] price of the ſtamp. Ibid.

3. Unſtamped receipts for a ſum under 40 s. may b [...] produced as evidence of payment, for 40 s. but for n [...] full diſcharge, even though the words "in full of al [...] demands," be inſerted in it. So may receipts unde [...] 20 l. on two-penny ſtamps, for the ſum expreſſed, bu [...] not as a receipt in full, unleſs written on a four-penny ſtamp. Ibid.

[143]4. The whole ſum for which any receipt ſhall be given, ſhall be, bona fide, inſerted in ſuch receipt; and every perſon who ſhall give, or accept any receipt or acquittance, in which a leſs ſum ſhall be expreſſed therein than the ſum actually received, with an intent to evade the duty, or ſhall ſeparate or divide the ſums into divers receipts, in order to evade the ſtamp, or ſhall be guilty of, or concerned in, any fraudulent contrivance or device whatever, with intent to evade the duty, ſhall forfeit 20 l. half to the king and half to the ſuer. Ib.

5. Any perſon who ſhall write or ſign, or cauſe to be written or ſigned, any receipt not ſtamped, where it ought to be ſtamped, ſhall forfeit 5 l. if convicted before any neighbouring juſtice. 24 Geo. 3. c. 17.

6. Receipts for legacies, or ſhares of perſonal eſtates, not exceeding 20 l. muſt be on a five ſhilling ſtamp; if exceeding 20 l. and under 100 l. on a ten ſhilling ſtamp; for 100 l. on a forty ſhilling ſtamp; and an additional 20 s. for every further hundred pounds. 20 Geo. 3. c. 28.

Wives, children, and grand-children, pay but half theſe legacy duties; nor do they pay any part of the 20s. for every additional or further hundred pounds. Ibid.

7. Agreements and Bonds.

1. Agreements (except where the matter of agreement ſhall not exceed 20 l. and alſo except thoſe for leaſe at rack-rent of meſſuages under five pounds, thoſe for hire of a labourer, artificer, manufacturer, or menial ſervant, and thoſe relating to the ſale of goods, &c.) muſt be on a ſix-ſhilling ſtamp. 23 Geo. 3. c. 58.

2. Bonds (except ſuch as are given for ſecurity of money) letter of attorney, leaſe, and releaſe, muſt be on a ſix-ſhilling ſtamp. Ibid.

Bonds given as a ſecurity for the payment of money, if not above 100 l. muſt be on a five ſhillings ſtamp; if above 100 l. and under 500l. on a ten-ſhillings ſtamp; if above 500l. on a fifteen-ſhillings ſtamp.

[144]TABLE, ſhewing the Intereſt of Money at 5 per Cent

 12 Mon.3 Mon.1 Mon.1 Week.1 Day.
l.l. s.s. d.s. d.d. f.d. f.
10 10 30 10 10 0
20 20 60 20 20 0
30 30 90 30 30 0
40 41 00 41 00 0
50 51 30 51 10 0
60 61 60 61 20 0
70 71 90 71 30 1
80 82 00 82 00 1
90 92 30 92 10 1
100 102 60 102 20 1
201 05 01 85 00 3
301 107 62 67 21 0
402 010 03 410 01 2
502 1012 64 212 21 3

Note. The intereſt for one day is ſtated ſo nearly as to make fractions unneceſſary:—for the intereſt of 100 l. at 3.3 and a half, 4, and 5 per cent. for any number o [...] days. See the next table page, 145.

[145]A TABLE ſhewing the Intereſt of 100 l. from 100 Days to one Day, at different Intereſts.

Days.3 per Cent.3 1-h. p. C.4 per Cent.5 per Cent.
 l. s. d. f.l. s. d. f.l. s. d. f.l. s. d. f.
1000 16 5 10 19 2 01 1 11 01 7 4 0
900 14 9 20 17 3 00 19 8 21 4 7 0
800 13 1 30 15 4 00 17 6 11 1 11 0
700 11 6 00 13 5 00 15 4 00 19 2 0
600 9 10 10 11 6 00 13 1 10 16 5 0
500 8 2 20 9 7 00 10 11 20 13 8 0
400 6 6 30 7 8 00 8 9 00 10 11 0
300 4 11 00 5 9 00 6 6 30 8 2 0
200 3 3 20 3 10 00 4 4 20 5 5 0
100 1 7 30 1 11 00 2 2 10 2 8 0
90 1 5 30 1 8 20 1 11 20 2 5 0
80 1 3 30 1 6 10 1 9 00 2 2 0
70 1 1 30 1 4 00 1 6 10 1 11 0
60 0 11 30 1 1 30 1 3 30 1 7 0
50 0 9 30 0 11 20 1 1 00 1 4 0
40 0 7 30 0 9 00 0 10 20 1 1 0
30 0 5 30 0 6 30 0 7 30 0 9 0
20 0 3 30 0 4 20 0 5 10 0 6 0
10 0 1 30 0 2 10 0 2 20 0 3 1
Months    
30 15 0 00 17 6 01 0 0 01 5 0 0
61 10 0 01 15 0 02 0 0 02 10 0 0
92 5 0 02 12 6 03 0 0 03 15 0 0
123 0 0 03 10 0 04 0 0 05 0 0 0

The intereſt of 4 and a half may be known by adding that of 3 per cent. and half 3 per cent. together.

Sundry CAUTIONS againſt ROBBERIES, FRAUDS, IMPOSITIONS and INSULTS.

[146]

1. PERSONS travelling to or from London ſhould be careful not to take too much money with them. Bank poſt-bills, made payable to the holder or order, is the ſafeſt conveyance; for theſe are of no value till indorſed by the perſon they are made payable to; and if loſt, as the bank does not pay them till ſeven days after ſight, there is time to give notice of the loſs.

2. Trunks, &c. ſhould not be faſtened behind carriages, unleſs with chains, or unleſs ſervants ride behind, and will attend to them till they are ten or twelve miles from the metropolis; for there are thieves frequently waiting at the outſkirts of the town, particularly in the evening, to cut ſuch luggage from behind.

3. If trunks, boxes, or packages are to be ſent by coaches or waggons into the country, it is prudent to let ſome perſon be preſent at the packing up, as a witneſs of the contents, and to take a liſt of what the trunk, &c. contains. This perſon ſhould then take it to the warehouſe of the coach or waggon himſelf, and deliver it to the book-keeper, ſee it booked, and pay for the booking, which is 2 d. In this caſe, if it be loſt, you will be able to prove the contents, and recover the value from the owner of the coach or waggon. See STAGE-COACHES, 2.

4. But let your ſervant be very careful not to leave the trunk, &c. with any perſon ſtanding at the door of the inn, or in the inn-yard; but to enquire for the book-keeper, and not part with his load till he can deliver it into the cuſtody of the book-keeper, and ſee it booked. On this account the porter ſhould be able to read writing, to know what he is about. Rogues are very often about inn-yards, to caſe ſuch meſſengers of their loads.

5. Such perſons as you ſend with parcels from one part of the town to another, ſhould be cautioned not to be led into a public houſe by the way, to drink with any ſuppoſed countryman, nor to ſuffer any good-natured [147] perſon in the ſtreet, to give them a hand and help them on the way with their bundle or load; for there are many of theſe obliging people in London ſtreets, that when they get poſſeſſion of the bundle, &c. will run away with it.

6. If you hire a baſket-woman at market, or a porter to carry any thing for you home, which you may have bought, tell ſuch perſon where they are to carry it, and make them walk before you all the way. Your eye will then be upon them, and if they ſlip away from you it will he your own fault. If it be inconvenient to attend them, employ no ſuch perſon but whom you know, or is known to the perſon with whom you deal. But if you buy of a ſhop-keeper, they will always ſend the goods home.

7. Never ſtop in a crowd in the ſtreets, to ſee what occaſions it: if you do, it is two to one but you either loſe your watch or your pocket-handkerchief. There are fellows who create diſturbances for this purpoſe.

8. Never carry any bank-notes or bills about you, without firſt entering, in ſome book at home, the number and date, and particulars of ſuch notes, that in caſe you loſe them, or your pocket is picked of your book, you ſtand ſome chance of recovering them, or ſtop the payment.

9. Alſo enter, in ſome book at home, the number, maker's name, &c. and deſcription of your watch, and whatever elſe of value you carry about you, that you may know how to deſcribe it, if loſt.

10. Never part with ſuch articles out of your hands, to perſons you are unacquainted with.

11. If you would walk ſafe, you would always avoid crowds, ſtopping to look at the pictures in a print-ſhop, &c. See p. 115, No. 5, 14.

12. If by chance you ſhould drop any thing of value in the ſtreet, whilſt you are looking for it, you will have many aſk you what you have loſt, and offer to aſſiſt you in the ſearch. Tell them it is nothing of any conſequence: if you acquaint them, you are likely never to find it, as they will probably find it for you and keep it.

[148]13. Give directions to your ſervants, on no condition to deliver any thing from your houſe to a ſtranger, under a pretence of your having ſent for it; for inſtance, a great coat or any other thing: there are always villains ready to take advantage of their ignorance.

14. For the ſame reaſon, never let them take in a parcel for you, under an idea that it came by ſuch a carriage, if they are to pay any thing for it; for ſuch packages have been ſound to contain nothing but brickbats, &c. In ſhort, never let them pay any thing without your knowledge or order ſo to do, to any one. Perſons bringing things will often take the money before hand, and aſk for it again at the houſe they carry it to.

15. Before you get into a hackney-coach or chair, always take the number, as, if you leave any thing therein, you may then, by ſummoning the coachman, or chairman, to the Hackney-coach office, probably recover it. They may ſay they never ſaw it, and poſſibly their next fare might find it and take it: poſſibly ſo. This is a lie, for they always look, when they ſet down a fare, before they ſhut the door. To be truly ſafe in this matter, every one ſhould look round the coach or chair before they quit it.

16. Thieves have lately made a practice of knocking at doors in an evening, under a pretence of delivering a letter, and, when the door is open, if in a retired place, have ruſhed in, in numbers, and robbed the family. To avoid this, a chain ſhould be always put acroſs the door within, (ſo as to admit the door to open a little way) before duſk, and the door not opened to a ſtranger, but the letter, if any, taken in.

17. If you do not ſit in your front-parlour in an evening, take care the windows are faſtened down, for men have been known to enter a houſe this way, ſecrete themſelves till the family is aſleep, and then rob the houſe; or they have robbed that room only, while the family have been backwards, and decamped the ſame way.

18. If the houſe next door to you is empty, be cau [...]ous and faſten your back-doors, and inſide-ſhutters of [149] the upper windows; for villains will now and then ſecrete themſelves in ſuch empty houſes, and, in the night, get into the adjoining houſe, by the back-doors or windows, or from the leads. Your garret-windows therefore ſhould always be ſecured, and trap-doors opening to the leads well bolted.

19. Before you come out of any play-houſe, or place of public entertainment, take care to ſecure your watch and your pockets, for pick-pockets are always about at ſuch places.

20. Never ſuffer any beggars to be begging at your door, particularly if you live in any retired place, for, under a pretence of begging, if they ſee no one in the way, they will be ſure to rob you of ſomething.

21. Do not ſuffer yourſelf to be impoſed on by beggars in the ſtreets, for they have all their arts, and will affect diſtreſs to excite your humanity; if you have any thing to give, it would be beſt beſtowed to poor diſtreſſed families; it is a miſtaken charity to give to beggars in the ſtreets, whom the laws have provided for.

22. Auctions in great thorough-fares, in the day-time, where men ſtand at the door and invite paſſengers, are great impoſitions. Slight ill-made goods are made up for ſuch auctions, and if you buy, it is ten to one but you are cheated, and give twice the value of the article purchaſed. Never buy at an auction, but where the auctioneer is known to be a reputable man. At auctions of linen-drapery, they will put, perhaps, ſufficient painted muſlin for a gown, and a piece of dowlas, worth 7 d. a yard, and ſell the two at one price per yard; from an opinion that there may not be above thirty yards of dowlas, you bid accordingly, but, when meaſured, there ſhall be ſixty, of courſe you are deceived and cheated.

23. For the ſame reaſon, never buy at a pawn-brokers ſuch articles as they diſplay at their windows; for a notion of buying things cheap, has drawn many to buy at theſe places; and this has led the pawn-brokers to get things made up purpoſely for ſale, in a ſlight manner. Half the things at their windows are new, and ſold as ſecond-hand.

[150]24. Indeed, in purchaſing, it will be always ſound beſt to purchaſe of, and employ people of credit, though you pay rather a greater price, for they have a character at ſtake, and will uſe you well, in hopes of having your cuſtom in future; but if you buy in general of thoſe who underſell the fair trader, and advertiſe things at a very low price, depend upon it, unleſs you are a very good judge of the articles you buy, and take eſpecial care, you will be taken in.

25. People in diſtreſs are always wanting to borrow money, and hold out advantageous terms in advertiſements to lenders. Be ever on your guard in this matter, and alſo againſt thoſe who publicly, by advertiſement, offer to raiſe money on ſecurities. They will get the ſecurities into their hands, ſuch as bonds, notes, &c. and will frequently ſhuffle you out of them. To theſe the public have given the denomination of ſwindlers. If you are in trade, be cautious how you are taken in by cuſtomers you are a ſtranger to. There are a number of people in town, who live by getting goods on credit, and taking in the incautious ſhop-keeper.

26. Be very circumſpect and cautious of having any thing to do with notes of hand or accepted drafts, drawn by people you are unacquainted with, for it is by ſuch modes that the unwary are duped and robbed of their property.

27. If you keep an open ſhop, never ſuffer a ſtranger to leave a parcel in your ſhop, (under a pretence of having further to go, and wiſhing it to be taken care of till his return) unleſs you know the contents of the parcel. Men have been known to leave contraband goods, in this manner, and go and inform againſt the ſhop-keeper, in order to get the penalty. In like manner, a ſack of unroaſted coffee has been left at a grocer's, and he has been exchequered in conſequence of it.

28. Never ſtep in between perſons quarrelling in the ſtreet, unleſs you chuſe to have your pocket picked. Theſe are often ſham-quarrels, to collect people together for the opportunity of plundering them.

[151]29. Any one may arreſt a felon, even without a warrant.

30. Where perſons, by fraud in gaming, win above 10 l. they ſhall forfeit five times the value, and ſuffer ſuch corporal puniſhment as in caſes of wilful perjury. 9 Ann. c. 14.

31. Shop-keepers ſhould be on their guard againſt perſons coming in and looking over a great quantity of goods, without purchaſing. Sharpers often, making a genteel appearance, will take an opportunity, on theſe occaſions, when the ſhop-keeper's back is turned, to pilſer and purloin.

32. In return, buyers ſhould always be careful that they are not impoſed on by ſhop-keepers, for they will often ſurvey you from head to foot, and aſk a price according to their cuſtomer. They will often aſk 10 s. for an article at a coach-ſide, which they will ſell for, to a perſon on foot, for half the money.

33. Shop-keepers who have the reputation of ſelling cheap, will evidently do ſo, in ſome ſmall articles, the price of which every buyer is acquainted with; but they take care to bring up the lee-way, as the ſeaman's phraſe is, and make you pay handſomely in other things. In ſhort, every tradeſman muſt live, and there are ſuch numbers of the ſame profeſſion in London, that they are obliged to make uſe of a variety of artifices to get cuſtom; and the buyer, with all his cleverneſs and care, ſhall not often be able to avoid being taken in.

34. It often happens, that if a parcel is ſent in from the country, by a waggon, and ordered to be left till called for, and you ſend for it, that they will tell you no ſuch thing is brought, and then the porter of the inn will bring it, in order to get a ſhilling or two: in this caſe give him nothing, but before you give him to underſtand ſo, take poſſeſſion of it, otherwiſe he will take it back again: ſhould this fellow, by way of revenge, if any game is ſent you, and not ordered to be delivered, not bring it, and it ſpoils, and the maſter of the waggon does not diſcharge him, ſummon the maſter to the Court of Conſcience, for the value of the thing ſpoilt, and you will be never ſerved ſo again. [152] Porters of inns are in general very exorbitant in their demands, and very inſolent. If they aſk too much for bringing a thing, never pay it, but tell them they may take it back again, and you will ſend for it.

35. Perſons would do well to be careful of their hats in public companies; for want of ſuch care, many a perſon has brought home an old hat for a new one. There are well-looking men who will take an opportunity to exchange with you. I knew a gentleman who always preſerved his hat, by paſting a paper [...]n the inſide the crown, on which he wrote his name, and the words Stolen from over it. Canes and great coats are at times in ſimilar danger.

See TAYLORS, page 41, and WALKING LONDON STREETS, page 115 *.

There is a Society of Tradeſmen, &c. inſtituted in 1767, for the protection of their property againſt the inroads of felons, forgers, cheats, &c. and to ſave the charges of proſecutions, rewards and advertiſements, which are paid out of the public ſtock, raiſed annually at five ſhillings each member; which ſubſcription, tho' ſmall, has not only been found ſufficient for the purpoſes intended, but has enabled the Society to veſt a ſum in the funds, beſides leaving a conſiderable balance in the treaſurer's hands.

The intent of this Society, is to prevent, as far as poſſible, the loſſes which tradeſmen and others frequently ſuffer from the depredations of thoſe miſcreants, who get their infamous livelihoods by robbing, plundering, and defrauding the honeſt and induſtrious part of mankind; [153] and to purſue the moſt vigorous and effectual methods to bring ſuch offenders to juſtice; as they frequently eſcape the puniſhment their crimes deſerve, through the inability, timidity, avarice, or indolence of thoſe they injure, which encourages them to continue their mal-practices; although ſuch perſons ought in duty to themſelves and the public in general, to uſe their utmoſt endeavours to put a ſtop to the career of ſuch villains, as otherwiſe they are, in ſome meaſure, by their omiſſion, the cauſe of the next robbery or fraud they commit.

The ſecretary, who is a Mr. J. Leigh, of Shepherd's-court, Upper Brook-ſtreet, Groſvenor-ſquare, is impowered to receive ſubſcriptions.

Where there are two or more partners in trade, if five ſhillings only be ſubſcribed, they are intitled to the benefit of this Society, when goods, the joint property of the partners, are ſtolen or obtained from them by fraud; but not in caſes of robbery on the highway, or other robberies of their ſeparate private property, unleſs each partner ſubſcribes five ſhillings.

When any of the Society is robbed or defrauded, he is immediately to apply to one of the committee whoſe names are given in a printed liſt, and who will take ſuch ſteps to purſue, advertiſe, or otherwiſe, as ſhall be thought proper on the occaſion.

COURTS OF CONSCIENCE

ARE eſtabliſhed in different parts of the town, for the recovery of debts under 40 s.

1. There is one in Vine-ſtreet, Piccadilly, for the pariſhes of St. James's, St. Anne's, and St. George's, Hanover-ſquare. Day of hearing Thurſday, afternoon.

2. There is another in Caſtle-ſtreet, Leiceſter-fields, for the pariſhes of St. Paul's Covent-garden, St. Mary Le Strand, St. Clement's, St. Martin's, St. Margaret's, St. John's Weſtminſter, and the Duchy of Lancaſter. Day of hearing, Thurſday, in the afternoon.

[154]The above offices are open every day, from nine to one, to iſſue ſummonſes. See No. 13, below.

3. One in Fullwood's-rents, Holborn, for the hundred of Oſſulton, in the county of Middleſex, within ten miles of London, St. Giles's in the Fields, St. Andrew's Holborn, Marybone, Pancras, St. John's Clerkenwell, and all thoſe out of the city, which the courts of Vine-ſtreet and Caſtle-ſtreet do not comprehend. The office open from nine to three, to iſſue ſummonſes. See No. 14, below.

4. One at Guildhall, for the city of London and its liberties. Days of hearing are Wedneſdays and Saturdays, at eleven in the morning.

5. One at St. Margaret's-hill, in the Borough, for Southwark. See No. 10, below.

6. One in Wellcloſe-ſquare, for the Tower-hamlet, the pariſh of White-chapel, and places lying that way. The proceedings and coſts much the ſame as at other courts.

7. No perſons ſhall act as a commiſſioner of the Courts of Conſcience in London, Weſtminſter, Southwark, or the county of Middleſex, unleſs they are houſeholders within the diſtrict, city or liberty they act for; and they ſhall alſo be poſſeſſed of a real eſtate of 20 l. a year, or a perſonal one of the value of 500l on pain of forfeiting 20 l. Action to be brought within ſix months. 25 Geo. 3. c. 45.

8. Perſons committed for debt, by theſe courts, ſhal not be impriſoned longer than twenty days, for a deb not exceeding 20 s. nor more than forty days for a deb not exceeding 40 s. and, at the expiration of the time ſhall be diſcharged without fee or reward. Ibid.

9. In the city of London, the expence of taking out a ſummons is 8 d. and the hearing, which muſt take place the next day of ſitting, is attended only with the expence of 4 d.

10. At St. Margaret's-hill, the days of hearing are Tueſdays and Fridays, in the afternoon, and the expence 4 d. The ſummons, if a common one, is 6 d. if [...] ſpecial one, 10 d. The difference between a common and a ſpecial ſummons is this: the party need no [...] attend the firſt day of hearing, after the ſervice o [...] [155] a common ſummons, but he muſt of a ſpecial one. An execution is 2 s. and 8 d. is paid on receiving the debt.

11. When the party has been ſerved with an order, if he does not attend, the court adjudges the debt due to the plaintiff, and an execution is taken out, which ſeizes either the goods or the perſon of the debtor, and unleſs the money is then paid, and the coſts, he is carried to priſon.

12. The ſummonſes for the Borough diſtrict are taken out at No. 2, Maze-pond, behind Guy's hoſpital.

13. At the courts in Vine-ſtreet, and Caſtle-ſtreet, the price of a ſummons is 8 d. of an order 2 s. 2 d. of a hearing, after the delivery of a ſummons, 2 s. 2 d. of a hearing after the ſerving of an order, 1 s. 3 d. the coſt of an execution is 2 s. 6 d. and the plaintiff's receiving his money 8 d. All the coſts, except the laſt 8 d. the defendant is obliged to re-pay.

14. The day of hearing at the court at Fullwood's Rents is Thurſday; the Judge of this court is the County Clerk, who acts by deputy. The coſt of a ſummons is 1 s. 4 d. of an order 2 s. of a hearing 2 s. of an execution 3 s. 4 d. Theſe the defendants pay in the end, and the plaintiff can receive his money without a fee.

15. The determinations of the Courts of Conſcience are final, but they generally indulge the debtor with time to pay the money, if he requeſts it. They will ſuffer him to pay it at a ſhilling or ſix-pence a week; this money muſt be regularly paid into the court, or an attachment againſt the party iſſues; and when the time elapſes in which the whole debt is paid, the plaintiff applies to the court for his money, and receives it on paying a few pence.

16. The plaintiffs and defendants in theſe courts are in general people ſo very low, that a gentleman would ſooner loſe 40 s. than attend them. If he is a defendant, it is beſt to get ſome perſon to attend for him; if plaintiff, and can prove his demand, he may even then get ſome perſon to apply for him; but if he cannot prove his debt otherwiſe than by his own oath, he ſhould attend himſelf, for if he has no other proof, the plaintiff's oath is always ſufficient. Of courſe, it is [156] better in theſe courts to be plaintiff than defendant, for if the plaintiff ſwears to his debt, no oath of the defendant will avail him.

17. In order to recover in theſe courts, the debt muſt be under 40 s. (at leaſt the claim muſt), and both parties muſt reſide in London. The ſummons muſt be taken out in that court in whoſe diſtrict the defendant lives.

18. No oath is required on taking out the ſummons, nor is it neceſſary to ſpell the defendant's name right, or know his chriſtian name; all that is required is to know where he is to be found, that the ſummons may be left at his place of reſidence; if the party will not attend by a ſummons, it is neceſſary to get the chriſtian name of the defendant, in order to obtain an order, and if he is a houſekeeper this is readily got at, by applying to the veſtry-clerk of the pariſh where he lives, and examining the poors-rate book.

THE MARSHALSEA COURT.

WITHIN twelve miles of London, the power of the Marſhalſea court in the Borough extends. Here by applying to any of the marſhalſea-court attornies, who live in Clifford's-inn Fleet-ſtreet, you may recover any ſum above 40 s. and not exceeding 4 l. very ſpeedily. A writ taken out in this court coſts 7s. 6d. with which the defendant is ſerved, and as the return day is every Friday, the cauſe cannot be put off. It will come to a hearing in the courſe of a week or two, and the hearing in this court ſeldom exceeds a few pounds. If your debt is 40 l. you may proſecute in this court, by ſuing for four pounds and upwards, and the perſon ſued muſt pay your whole demand.— The coſts in this court are paid always in advance, as the proceſs goes on.

THE VERGE OF THE COURT

[157]

IS that ground about White-hall and St. James's, which belongs to the crown, and which is privileged from arreſts. This privileged place includes Charing-croſs, on the north ſide of the way, from the' corner of St. Martin's-lane to Hedge-lane, and both the King's meuſes. On the ſouth ſide, from the ſtreet leading into Spring-gardens, to the public houſe beyond the Treaſury, and all Spring-gardens; on the oppoſite ſide of the way, from Northumberland-houſe to the end of Privy-garden in Parliament-ſtreet, taking in all Scotland-yard, Whitehall, and Privy-garden. It further includes all the parks, the ſtable-yard St. James's, Cleveland-court, and all Hyde-park, except the mere croſſing from the Green-park to Hyde-park. Moſt houſes in the Verge let lodgings, and I knew an artful fellow once that eluded all his creditors, by reſiding there; if he wanted to go out of it, he took water at Whitehall-ſtairs, which place is privileged, and as no writ can be ſerved on the water, without a water-bailiff's warrant, which cannot be immediately procured, he would land ſafely in the city, or on the Surry ſide: for a Middleſex writ loſes its force in the city, and in Surry, unleſs backed by a city or Surry magiſtrate, which requires time and preparation to get done; ſo that, if he landed in Surry, he might take his horſe and ride to the land's-end, or he would occaſionally walk through the parks, and order his horſe to wait for him on the oppoſite ſide. By this means, he conſtantly eluded the ſheriff's officers, who could not be in every place, or eternally watching him.

1. To prevent this, in ſome meaſure, the Board of Green Cloth, who has the controul of the verge, will, on application to them, at St. James's-palace, ſummon the debtor to meet the plaintiff, before them; and the gentlemen there preſiding will examine into the nature of the complaint, enquire of the perſon then ſummoned what proſpect he has of paying the debt; and if his propoſals of diſcharging it by inſtalments, [158] or in a limited period, be approved, they will ſuffer him to continue in the Verge, but if they find him diſpoſed to act fraudulently, they will tell him that the Verge ſhall not ſhelter him; and if he does not immediately quit it, they will order him to be arreſted by their own officer; but, let the caſe be as it will, they always give him notice to quit the place, and give him a reaſonable time to do it in; but if he can make intereſt with any of the gentlemen of the Board, he meets with favour there, as a man does in all ſituations of life.

2. A ſheriff's-officer arreſting a man in the Verge, will be puniſhed by an application to the Board of Green Cloth, and the perſon arreſted will be diſcharged. The Board, or thoſe who diſcharge the office of that Board, ſit two or three times a week. Mr. Bray, attorney, Great Ruſſel-ſtreet, Bloomſbury, is clerk of the Verge.

3. The Tower is alſo a privileged place.

HOTELS.

THESE are taverns or inns, under a new name, ſo called from the hotels in Paris, where you may be rather better accommodated than at the inns in and about London, but at a much greater expence. The inns, and many coffee-houſes (for all the coffee-houſes are now lodging-houſes and taverns) will let you a lodging at one ſhilling or eighteen-pence a night, whereas theſe hotels charge 2 s. 6 d. or 5 s. a night, according to the goodneſs of the apartment; and 5 s. a day for the uſe of a parlour or dining-room. Two ſhillings a day for fire, 1 s. a-head for breakfaſt, and for your dinner according to what you order, as dear as at the moſt expenſive tavern. Here indeed a gentleman may take his family for a few days, till he can procure a lodging, which he cannot do at a coffee-houſe, nor ſo well at an inn, for want of proper accommodations. And the ſervants of all theſe houſes are very extravagant [159] in their expectations, which you muſt accordingly gratify, if you wiſh to be well attended.—Hair-dreſſers at theſe hotels charge 1 s. each time of dreſſing, out of which the maſter of the hotel has a profit; whereas, at inns and coffee-houſes they will dreſs for 6 d.

Foreigners and ſtrangers ſhould be aware how they employ taylors, or other tradeſmen, recommended by maſters of hotels, for they have a feeling in every thing. They expect the perſons they recommend to give them poundage, that is, ſo much in every pound they take; of courſe the tradeſman charges his cuſtomer accordingly.

AMUSEMENTS, and PLACES worth a Stranger's Notice, in LONDON.

1. THE Muſeum, Great Ruſſel-ſtreet, Bloomſbury, a repoſitory of curioſities of every kind; nothing is here paid in order to obtain admiſſion. All that is neceſſary is, to apply at the office belonging to the houſe, (a few days before-hand) for tickets, giving in the names of the company, and their rank in life, and you will obtain an admiſſion-ticket, a day or two after, to ſee the place, at a certain hour and day, named in that ticket.

The Tower, and herein the armory, artillery, the crown and regalia, the King's menagerie for wild beaſts, &c. and the grotto work. The expence for one perſon, for the whole, is 3 s. 10 d. if in company 2 s. 10 d. each.

The monument, erected in memory of the fire of London, 1666, on Fiſh-ſtreet hill, that overlooks London.

St. Paul's Church. This may be ſeen gratis, at prayer time, viz. eleven in the morning, and three in the afternoon; but thoſe who deſire to ſee other parts, and go up to the top, muſt pay for ſo doing, 2 d. each part; in the whole, 1 s. 2 d. each perſon.

[160]Weſtminſter-abbey. Always open. But the wax-work, exhibiting the figures reſembling life, of Queen Elizabeth, the Earl of Chatham, and other great perſonages; as alſo the tombs of the kings, muſt be paid for, 6 d. each. The man who ſhews them will aſk for a few halfpence for himſelf, but this is optional.

The church of St. Stephen, Walbrook, near the Manſion-houſe; well worth viewing.

The Royal Exchange, Cornhill. This is crouded with merchants, from one to four every day, except Sundays, Mondays, and Saturdays.

The Bank of England, Cornhill. Open every day except holidays.

The Manſion-houſe, Cornhill; the reſidence of the Lord Mayor.

Guildhall, King-ſtreet, Cheapſide, where the buſineſs of the city is done.

The Eaſt-India Houſe, Leadenhall-ſtreet. This is beſt ſeen when a meeting of the proprietors is called by advertiſements, to determine on any Eaſt-India buſineſs.

The Cuſtom-houſe, Thames-ſtreet, and the long room there; open every day, and crowded all the morning, except on holidays.

The Exciſe-office, in Broad-ſtreet, near the Royal Exchange.

The Navy-office, in Crutched-friars.

Somerſet-place, Strand.

Weſtminſter-hall, where are held the courts of juſtice, in term time.

The Three Bridges, London, Black friars, and Weſtminſter, and the ſhipping below London bridge.

The Horſe-guards, in the Park. The beſt time to view this is in fine weather, between ten and twelve in the morning, when guard is mounted, and the muſic is playing.

The Parliament-houſe, Weſtminſter.

The Hoſpitals, particularly St. Bartholomew's, Newgate-ſtreet; Guy's, in the Borough; and the Foundling, in Lamb's Conduit-ſtreet.

The Squares, particularly Groſvenor-ſquare, and Lincoln's-inn fields.

[161]The Inns of Court, the reſidence of the Lawyers, particularly the Temple, in Fleet-ſtreet, Lincoln's-inn, and Gray's-inn, in Holborn.

The Queen's Palace, in St. James's-Park, and the Paintings there, called the Cartoons.

St. James's-palace, &c. and the chapel-royal there, on Sundays, at one o'clock; where, in the winter ſeaſon, the King and the Royal Family attend, and may be ſeen. The court at St. James's, in winter and ſpring, is open at three o'clock, Sundays and Thurſdays, where any well-dreſſed perſon is admitted; but the beſt time to go there is on the Queen's birth-day, January 18, or the King's birth-day, June 4.

Sir Aſhton Lever's Muſeum, Leiceſter-ſquare (a collection of animals, ſtuffed, &c.) Admittance, 2 s. 6 d. This is going to be removed.

ENTERTAINMENTS and EXHIBITIONS in Town.

2. Winter Seaſon.

The two Theatres, Drury-lane and Covent-garden are open for dramatic pieces, every evening, from the [...] end of September to near the end of June. Admittance 5 s. 3 s. 2 s. and 1 s. The Royal Family may be often ſeen here.

On Wedneſdays and Fridays, in Lent, at theſe theatres, are generally concerts of ſacred muſic, called Oratorios. Admittance 10 s. 6 d. 5 s. and 3 s. 6 d.— A renter's ſhare of either houſe, for twenty-one years, can often be purchaſed for about 300 l. which will admit the buyer at all times, before the curtain, any where, and entitle him to 2 s. on each night's performance, which amounts to about 18 l. a year.

The Opera-houſe, in the Hay-market, for Italian operas, is open from October to June, twice a week, Tueſdays and Saturdays. Sixty performances; the ſubſcription-price for one perſon, for the ſixty nights, twenty guineas, or half-a-guinea a night, in the pit or boxes. Admittance into the galleries, each perſon, 5 s. and 3 s. 6 d. A renter's-ſhare can be purchaſed often here, which, if for twenty-one years, may be bought for about 250 l. and will entitle the purchaſer [162] to 20 l. a year, and free admiſſion to any part of the houſe, at all times; rehearſals, operas, maſquerades, &c. Sometimes the admiſſion-ticket is to be bought, without the annuity, for about eighty guineas.

At this Opera-houſe are ſeveral maſquerades, in the winter. Admittance generally one guinea, refreſhments included.

The Pantheon, Oxford-road, a ſuperb room, is alſo open at this time, for concerts. Admittance 5 s. tea and coffee included; and occaſionally for maſqued balls. Admittance to theſe laſt as at the Opera-houſe.

At the end of the month of May, there are three or four grand concerts of ſacred muſic, from the compoſitions of Handel, in Weſtminſter-abbey, where all the eminent performers in the kingdom play and ſing, to the number of 700. This is under the patronage of the King and Queen, who are preſent, and moſt of the nobility. Admittance one guinea for each performance; the money given to charities. On the rehearſal-days, the admittance is but half-a-guinea; and every thing is the ſame as on the other days, except that the Royal Family are not preſent, the company not ſo well dreſſed, and not ſo numerous.

At Gallini's Rooms, in Hanover-ſquare, and at Willis's Rooms, in King-ſtreet, St. James's, there are occaſional concerts and balls, where the firſt company is generally preſent. The entertainments here are chiefly by ſubſcription, for a number of nights; but a ſingle ticket for one night may often be procured of Mr. Hookham, bookſeller in Bond-ſtreet.

There is alſo a concert of ancient muſic, in Tottenham-ſtreet, where the King and Royal Family attend. Subſcription for ſix nights, three guineas each.

At Freemaſon's-hall, in Great Queen-ſtreet, Lincoln's-inn fields, which is a ſuperb room, there is in the winter months, from November to May, a concert of vocal and inſtrumental muſic, chiefly ſacred, with choral performers, every other Thurſday evening.— Subſcription four guineas for the winter, which admits a gentleman and two ladies. Subſcribers muſt be ballotted for; and, as the ſubſcribers amount to 200, [163] which number crouds the room, perſons muſt wait a vacancy for admiſſion.

In Eaſter week, Ranelagh-houſe always opens; a magnificent room, well frequented by the beſt company in an evening. Admittance 2 s. 6 d. each, coffee and tea included. This place is two miles from town.

At this time alſo opens a theatre for tumbling, rope-dancing, &c. at Sadler's-wells, Iſlington, and continues all the ſummer. Admittance 3 s. 6 d. 2 s. and 1 s. Each perſon has allowed him for this money, a pint of wine or punch.

Alſo Aſtley's Amphitheatre, Weſtminſter-bridge, for horſemanſhip, tumbling, &c. &c. Admittance from 2 s. 6 d. to 6 d.

The Circus, St. George's-fields, for ſimilar amuſements. Admittance ditto.

Jones's Amphitheatre, Union-ſtreet, White-chapel. Ditto, ditto.

Several curious exhibitions at Exeter Exchange, Strand.

In May, Vauxhall is reſorted to; a public garden, illuminated in the evening, with a concert of vocal and inſtrumental muſic: open all ſummer. Admittance 1 s. each. All kinds of refreſhments are here ſold; and the company ſeldom leave the place in fine weather, till two in the morning. This is two miles from town, but the road guarded.

In May and June, is an exhibition at the Royal Academy, in Somerſet-place, in the Strand, of the works of our moſt eminent painters and ſculptors.— Admittance 1 s.

At this ſeaſon, alſo, are one or two perſons who give lectures on experimental philoſophy, three times a week, at noon. The admittance generally one guinea for twelve lectures, or 2 s. 6 d. for one.

Whilſt the parliament is ſitting, the debates at the Houſe of Commons are worth attending to, from three to nine in the afternoon: 2 s. 6 d. will here gain admiſſion into the gallery.

The Houſe of Lords is always open to well-dreſſed people, at a time when any trial is before them; and at other times by favour of a member.

[164]There are alſo, in winter, debating ſocieties; at Coachmaker's-hall, Foſter-lane, Thurſday evening; at the Mitre-tavern, Fleet-ſtreet, ditto; and at the Weſtminſter-forum, Spring Garden; where certain queſtions, political, civil and moral, are diſcuſſed, and every one may give his opinion. Admittance 6 d. of courſe theſe places are crowded with low people; but what you hear is often entertaining.

Monſieur Texier's readings. This man is a Frenchman, and reads a French comedy with great humour: his houſe is much frequented by people of faſhion.— Liſle-ſtreet, Leiceſter-ſquare, at eight in the evening. Admittance 10 s. 6 d.

3. In Summer, and fine Weather,

The Theatre in the Hay-market is open, three times a week, for dramatic pieces. Admittance 5 s. 3 s. 2 s. and 1 s. Here renter's ſhares may now and then be purchaſed.

St. James's Park is crowded in week days, in May and June, between one and three, with people of faſhion, walking there for the air. And on Sundays, about the ſame hour, and in the evenings, all the ſummer, the walks are covered with the trading part of the people.

Kenſington Gardens, two miles from town, are much crowded in May and June, from twelve to three, with perſons of faſhion, &c. as is

Hyde Park in April and May, where perſons of diſtinction aſſemble on horſe-back and in carriages, from twelve to three.

There are a number of tea-gardens in the out-ſkirts of the town, where the common people reſort in crowds, in fine evenings, to drink tea, &c. ſuch as

  • The Dog and Duck, St. George's-fields; and
  • Bagnigge-wells, Clerkenwell; theſe two are much reſorted to by women of the town.
  • Iſlington-ſpa, Iſlington;
  • Riley's Gardens, Vauxhall; and
  • Don Saltero's coffee-houſe, Chelſea, where there is a muſeum of curioſities, that may be ſeen by thoſe who ſpend a ſhilling, or leſs.

4. Beſides the above, the following are worth attending to.

[165]

The Temple Gardens in Summer evenings, where genteel people walk.

The proceſſion of the King through the Park to the Parliament-houſe.

The Houſe of Lords when the King is there, and the Peers robed. Admiſſion is not difficult, by applying to a peer.

The proceſſion on Lord Mayor's day, (November 9,) of the city, through the ſtreets, and up to Weſtminſter by water, and back, in their ſtate-barges.

The Lord Mayor's ball, on Eaſter Monday, and the feaſt and ball on November 9. Tickets are not difficult of attainment, by applying to any alderman or common-councilman. They are now and then to be purchaſed, by apylying to John the waiter, at the Rainbow coffee-houſe, Cornhill.

The parade of the judges to Weſtminſter-hall, and their etiquette in the hall, on the firſt days of each term.

The rehearſal of muſic, at St. Paul's church, in April, for the benefit of the ſons of the poor clergy.— Admittance what you pleaſe.

The meeting of 2000 charity-children, in St. Paul's church, in May, when they all ſing together. Admittance free.

The rowing of ſmall boats from London-bridge to Chelſea; a conteſt among young watermen for a coat and badge, Auguſt 1.

The Duke of Cumberland's ſailing match, on the Thames, for a ſilver cup, in ſummer.

The ſeveral reviews of the troops, in the courſe of the ſummer, where the King attends.

The feſtivity and gambols of the lower claſs of people rolling down Greenwich-park hill, Whitſun-Monday and Tueſday.

Occaſional floating through the atmoſphere in Balloons.

The criminal-law trials at the Old Bailey, every ſix weeks. Admittance 1 s. into the gallery. And the unhappy executions in Newgate-ſtreet at eight in the morning, in conſequence of them.

[166]Covent-Garden market, Tueſdays, Thurſdays, and Saturdays, for vegetables, at four o'clock in the morning, in ſummer time.

Billinſgate market, for fiſh, near London Bridge, in ſummer, Mondays, Wedneſdays, and Fridays, at four o'clock.

Smithfield market, for cattle, in ſummer, at ſeven o'clock, Mondays, Wedneſdays, and Fridays, for horſes, at two in the afternoon.

Corn market, in Mark-lane, Mondays, Wedneſdays and Fridays.

The Aſylum, for deſerted orphans, St. George's-fields, Sunday mornings, at eleven; and

The Magdalen-houſe, for penitent proſtitutes, ditto, Sunday evenings, at ſix; at theſe two places divine ſervice is much frequented by genteel people: any decent perſon may be admitted, who will throw a ſhilling or ſix pence into the plate at the door, for the benefit of the charities.

The ſteam-mills, for grinding corn, at Blackfriars Bridge.

Tapeſtry manufactory, near Soho-ſquare.

Taſſie's curious ſeal-compoſitions, Leiceſter-ſquare.

Wedgewood's earthen-ware manufactory, Greek-ſtreet, Soho.

5. Out of town, but near it.

Greenwich Hoſpital, for Seamen; ſix miles diſtant.

Chelſea Hoſpital, for Soldiers; two miles.

Woolwich Warren, artillery, eight miles; and the convicts there at work.

Kenſington-Palace Gardens, two miles.

The river Thames, up and down, towards Richmond, the banks are every where covered with elegant villas.

Richmond-Palace Gardens, particularly on a Sunday evening, are crouded with genteel people from London; twelve miles.

Richmond Hill, Surrey, a very beautiful proſpect; twelve miles.

Hampſtead and Highgate, two hills, covered with gentlemen's houſes, and commanding very beautiful proſpects; four miles.

Hampton-Court Palace, twelve miles; Middleſex.

[167]Windſor Caſtle, twenty-one miles; particularly in ſummer evenings, where the King and Royal Family walk ſome hours every day, (Friday excepted) on the Terrace, and a band of muſic plays; at which time the place is crouded with genteel company.

Wanſtead Houſe and Gardens, in Epping Foreſt, Eſſex; ſeven miles. The ſeat of Sir James Long.

Claremont, Eſher, Surrey; the ſeat of Lord Clive. Fifteen miles.

Pain's Hill, Cobham, ditto; the ſeat of Bond Hopkins, Eſq twenty miles.

Oatlands, Walton, ditto; the ſeat of the Duke of Newcaſtle; eighteen miles.

The Ferme Ornée of Mrs. Southcote, near Chertſey; twenty miles.

Note, Theſe laſt four are not far from each other.

Sion-Houſe, Iſleworth, the ſeat of the Duke of Northumberland; nine miles.

Chiſwick, the ſeat of the Duke of Devonſhire; ſix miles.

Caen-Wood, Hampſtead, the ſeat of Lord Mansfield; four miles.

Hatfield Houſe, the ſeat of the Earl of Saliſbury; twenty miles.

An ESTIMATE of the Expences attending a Family conſiſting of a Man, his Wife, four Children and two Maid Servants, who conduct their domeſtic Arrangement with Oeconomy.

 Weekly.
 l.s.d.
BREAD for eight perſons, 8 d. per week each,054
Butter, 7 lb. on an average, at 9 d. per lb.053
Cheeſe, 3 lb. and a half, at 5 d. per lb.01
Roots, herbs, ſpices, and the decoraments of the table,036
Carry over,015

[168]

Brought over,015
 Weekly.
Meat, or fiſh, or fowl, 1 lb. each, at 6 d. per pound, on an average,180
Milk and cream, one day with another, 2 d.012
Eggs, 4 d. and flour, 1 s. 2 d.016
Small-beer, at 14 s. a barrel, 12 gallons,048
Tea, 2 s. and ſugar, 3 s.050
Candles, 4 lb. take the ſummer and winter together, at 9 d.030
Coals, two fires in winter, one only in ſummer; 3 buſhels for parlour fire, for 8 months, 4 ditto for the kitchen all the year, about 8 chaldron and a half, at 34 s.056
Soap, ſtarch, blue, and waſhing at home and abroad,050
Thread, needles, pins, tapes, and all ſorts of haberdaſhery,019
Sand, fullers earth, whitening, ſcowering paper, brick-duſt, ſmall-coal, &c.004
Repairs of furniture, table-linen, ſheets, and all other utenſils,020
 313

L. 3:13:5 halfpenny per week, is per annum,189188
Clothes for the maſter and miſtreſs, and hairdreſſing,4000
Ditto for the children, 6 l. each,2400
Lying-inn expences, 12 l. ſuppoſe once in two years,600
Pocket expences for the maſter, including letters, 4 s. per week,1080
Ditto for the miſtreſs and children,540
Phyſic, and occaſional illneſs,500
Schooling for the children, on an average,800
Wages of two maid-ſervants and taxes,14100
Standing rent 50 l. taxes 16 l.6600
Entertainments for friends,2000
Sundries for wine, pleaſure, &c. ſuppoſe, for even money,10194
 40000

[169]It is impoſſible to aſcertain the exact expence of every article, as ſome families may like to indulge in ſome one thing more than others; but what is ſaved in one article may be ſpent on another.

For every child, leſs than four, may be ſubtracted from the above 400l. according to the foregoing eſtimate, and for every child, more than four, muſt be added, on an average, as follows:

Maintenance for each child, per annum,L. 2000
Clothes,600
 2600

If they keep but one maid-ſervant, by the foregoing eſtimate, ſubtract annually L. 25:5. If three are kept, add, on an average, 26l. as the taxes increaſe with the number: thus,

Maintenance of a ſervant,L. 1800
Wages and tax,750
 2550

The difference between a maid-ſervant and a man-ſervant, if out of livery, will be only the wages and tax, 5l. or 6l.; if in livery, the addition alſo of the livery, about 5 l.

2. The expence of keeping a Horſe in the ſtable in ſummer, and at ſtraw in the winter.

 L.s.d.
A truſs of ſtraw, per week,009
Two truſtes and a half of hay, at L. 3:3 per load,04
Three quarters of a peck of oats per day, at 18 s. per quarter.03
Man to look after him,026
 0109

[170]

 L.s.d.
Thirty-two weeks keep, at 10 s. 9d. per week, is, annually,1740
Shoeing, 8 ſets while in uſe, at 2 s. 4 d. per ſet,0188
Bleeding, &c.050
Fourteen weeks ſtraw-yard, at 2s. 6 d.1150
Six weeks ſpring graſs, at 4 s.140
Taking to ſtraw-yard and back,050
Sadler,040
Rent of a ſtable, and duty of the horſe,3100
Decline in value of the horſe, about300
 2858

3. The addition of a one-horſe Chaiſe will be as follows:

Expence of the horſe, as above,2858
Duty of the wheels,3100
Wear and tear, with care, about550
Oil and greaſe, for even money, ſuppoſe094
Additional rent of a coach-houſe,1100
 38100

4. Now, ſhould the perſon who looks after the horſe leave you unprovided, it would be attended with trouble and uneaſineſs, and as the man may poſſibly cheat you and ſtarve the beaſt, it would be better, if you can depend on a livery-ſtable keeper's giving him the corn you order, to keep him at livery. The following then would be the expence.

Thirty-two weeks hay and corn, (three ſeeds a-day) at 12s. 3 d. per week,19120
Hoſtler,110
Shoeing, bleeding, ſtraw-yard, graſs, &c. value of horſe and chaiſe, greaſe and duty,1760
 37190

[171]5. The expence of keeping a four-wheeled carriage, and a pair of horſes, in your own ſtable.

 Annually.
 l.s.d.
Seven loads and an half of hay: that is 5 truſſes a week, and 10 truſſes allowed for waſte, at 3 l. 10 s. a load,24100
Two truſſes of ſtraw per week, or about 3 loads, at 25 s.3150
Twenty quarters 2 buſhels of oats, at 9 buſhels to the quarter. This is allowing each horſe a peck a day, at 18 s. per quarter; (beans are not neceſſary, unleſs worked very hard),1850
Rent of ſtable and coach-houſe,600
Duty of 2 horſes, 1 l. and of the carriage, 7 l.800
Blackſmith for ſhoeing, 18 ſets, at 2 s. 4 d. per ſet,440
Phyſic, &c.060
Oil and greaſe. 1 s. per week,2120
Coachman's wages, 16 l. and duty, 1 l. 5 s.1750
Board-wages, or board at home, much the ſame,1800
Livery, about800
Wear and tear of carriage, and repairs of wheels and harneſs, and painting, once in 2 years, about2000
Decline in value of horſes, about1000
 140170

6. The ſame kept at livery, your own ſervant to ſee the horſes ſed with corn.

Hay and corn, four ſeeds each per day,L. 72180
Hoſtler,220
Other expences, as above, the ſame,8870
 16370

[172]

 l.s.d.
7. The price of a job for a pair of horſes and a coachman, is, per month, 14 l. though ſome will let them for 12 l. a month; 13 months,15600
If the carriage is hired alſo, the addition will be 40 s. a month,2600
Coachman will expect a preſent of330
Ditto great-coat and hat 3 l. and duty 1 l. 5 s.450
 18980

If a job-carriage is on the road, the coach-maſter will expect an addition of 2 s. a night, every night the horſes are out, to pay extra expences.

But I know ſome gentlemen who keep a job, and pay 100 l. a year only for coachman and horſes, giving the uſe of a ſtable, when in the country. This is the cheapeſt method of keeping a carriage. Thus,

 Annually.
Job-horſes and coachman,10000
Preſent to coachman,330
Great-coat, hat, and duty,450
Duty of wheels,700
Oil and greaſe,2120
Wear and tear of carriage, as before,2000
 13700

By this eſtimate, the expences are leſs than keeping them in your own ſtable. To be ſure, you have none of the coachman's ſervice but that of driving, but then, on the other hand, you are not liable to loſe the uſe of your carriage by accidents attending the horſes. Indeed, to keep a chariot and pair of horſes properly, three horſes ſhould be kept for the purpoſe; and this advantage you have by hiring a job. If you will give the coachman his board, you may have all his time.

In the foregoing, and the following eſtimates, I have not pointed out, what a father of a family ought to lay by annually, as a proviſion for his wife and children. When he knows what his expences will be, his income will naturally tell him what he can ſave. Suffice it to ſay, that 75l. a year, put out to intereſt at five per [173] cent. will, in twenty years, produce 2500l. of courſe, double the ſum will produce 5000l. I have, in the courſe of this work, given the reader the terms of the different aſſurance-offices for life, where proviſion may be made for a family, or a future day, on eaſier terms.

The principal hay-markets in London are, Smith-field, White-chapel, and the Hay-market, Charing-croſs. Market-days are, Tueſdays, Thurſdays, and Saturdays.

The average-price of hay, in London, is 3 l. 5 s. a load: and that of ſtraw 1 l. 5 s. Good hay is ſometimes bought for 2 l. 5 s. and ſometimes it reaches 5 l. Straw will ſometimes be ſo low as 18 s. at other times 2 l. 2 s.

A load of hay is thirty-ſix truſſes, each truſs to weigh 56 lb. under a penalty; a load of ſtraw thirty-ſix truſſes, each truſs to weigh 36 lb.

8. The following eſtimate is given more as a matter of curioſity than any thing elſe, to ſhew how much ſuch a family, as in No. 1. may ſave upon a different plan, and what the expences of houſekeeping amount to.

 Annually.
 L.s.d.
Lodging and board for the man and his wife, in a decent family, in town or country, with a table equal to that in No. 1.6000
Tea and ſugar once a day, breakfaſt being included in the board, 2 s. 6 d. a week,6100
Waſhing abroad,6100
Coals and candles,500
Shoes cleaning and hair-dreſſing, L. 1: 6 per quarter,540
To the ſervant of the family,110
Three children at boarding-ſchool, at 20 l. a year, the whole expences,6000
Infant at nurſe, at 4 s. per week,1080
Extra expences for ditto,100
Clothes for the maſter and miſtreſs,3200
Ditto for four children, 6l. each,2400
Carried over,211130

[174]

Brought over,211130
Pocket expences for the man and his wife,15120
Apothecary,500
Entertainment for friends. None expected.000
Lying-in expences, as in No. 1.600
Sundries, for wine, pleaſure, &c. as in No. 1.10194
 24944
Saved by this mode of living,150158
 40000

Now this 150 l. a-year ſaved would, in twenty years, ſave 5000 l. that is, 1000 l. for the widow, and 1000 l. for each of the children.

9. An eſtimate for a man and his wife, living comfortably, with two ſervants.

 L.s.d.
Houſe-rent and taxes, or lodging, per annum,6000
Wages of two maid-ſervants and tax,14100
Clothes and pocket-expences for the huſband,1500
Ditto for the wife,1200
Bread for four perſons,5140
Butter, 3 lb. a week, at 10 d.6100
Cheeſe, 2 lb. a week,234
Meat, or fiſh, 4 lb. a-day, at 5 d.3084
Extra for poultry occaſionally,540
Vegetables, 2 s. 6 d. a week,6100
Fruit, if they eat any, 1 s. a week,2120
The decoraments of the table, as oil, &c.1190
Tea and ſugar, 4 s. 6 d. a week,11140
Small-beer, at 14 s. a barrel, about 14 gallons a week,13130
Porter and ſtrong-beer, 7 d. a day,101211
Milk and cream, 1 s. a week,2120
Soap and ſtarch, &c. 1 s. 6 d. a week,3180
Eggs and flour,278
Candles, 2 s. 6 d. a week,6100
Carry over,213183

[175]

Brought over,213183
Coals and other firing,1200
Shoes cleaning and hair-dreſſing,540
Repair of furniture, &c.200
Entertainment of friends,600
Sundries, for even money,10179
 25000

10. A man and his wife, in town, with four children and one maid-ſervant, whoſe trade brings in clear but 200 l. annually, muſt conform as follows:

 Weekly.
Bread for ſeven perſons,L. 041
Salt butter, 3 lb. at 7½d.0210½
Cheeſe, 3 lb. at 5 d.013
Meat, 3 joints on an average *,076
Fiſh and bacon,030
Vegetables, oil, vinegar, &c.020
Milk,012
Flour and eggs,016
Sand, whiting, &c.002
Small beer,013
Tea and ſugar,030
Candles,026
Haberdaſhery, as thread, pins, &c.010
Soap and ſtarch, &c.026
Powder, blacking, &c.003
 113
L. 1:13:0½ per week, is, per annum,85182
Clothes and pocket-money for the man,800
Ditto for the woman,600
Ditto for the four children,1600
Carry forward115182

[176]

Brought over,115182
Maid's wages,500
Boy to go on errands, 6 d. a day (not boarded)7160
Coals, two fires in winter, one in ſummer, 5 chaldrons, at L. 1. 14:08100
Day-ſchooling for the children,300
Entertainments for friends,400
Phyſic for the family, on an average,200
Expences of lying-in are chiefly defrayed by the preſents of goſſips, (ſuppoſe 5 l. extra once in two years,)2100
Rent and taxes, excluſive of lodgers, (though many contrive to live rent free,)1500
Repair of furniture, utenſils, &c.200
Expences of trade with cuſtomers, travelling charges, Chriſtmas-box money, pens, paper, letters, &c. ſuppoſe, for even money,4510
 17000
He may then lay by for the children, or lay out for other purpoſes,3000
 20000

It is impoſſible to give eſtimates to ſuit every family, but it will be eaſy for any one to regulate his expences by theſe eſtimates, adding or deducting for a child or a ſervant, more or leſs, or for the difference of houſe-rent, certain indulgences, or the variation in the price of proviſions. If every miſtreſs keeps a weekly book, in the manner ſhe will find pointed out to her in the next page, and has an eye upon her ſervants, ſhould ſhe exceed her expences one week, ſhe may retrench them in another.

I muſt repeat here, that 15 or 20 per cent. may be ſaved in many articles, by buying them at the firſt hand, and paying ready money, where it conveniently can be done, beſides preventing things being charged a family never had. However, by no means ſhould a bill be run up, with either butcher, baker, chandler, green-grocer, or milkman.

[177]Such as wiſh to ſee eſtimates for families living in the country, may find them in a work publiſhed ſome years ſince, and which has gone through five editions, called, The Way to be rich and reſpectable; price 2 s.— Wherein is laid down a plan, whereby a gentleman, his wife, four children, and five ſervants, living in the country, with a few acres of land, may with frugality, ſave 2500 l. in twenty years, keep two of his children at a boarding-ſchool, drink wine every day at his table, keep a carriage and four horſes, and make an appearance equal to a man in London that ſpends 1000 l. a year, for half the money.

HOUSEKEEPER's BOOK.
1786MAY.L.s.d.L.s.d.
 Brought over,59137
1.Bread,16   
 Butter, 2 lb.16   
2.Cheeſe, 12 lb. 5d.5   
3.Oil, 1 quart,26   
 Bread,16   
4.Eggs,4   
 Flour,6   
5.Letters,6   
 Butcher's bill,123   
6.Bread,1   
 Milk,12   
7.Candles, 12 lb.78   
  1155
8.Bread,1   
 And ſo on the next week.      

[178]

CELLAR BOOK.
1786.Cyder,Ale,Port,Liſbon,Madeira,Claret,
Stock, in Bottles,7814069475524
Added, 4025 16 
Total,7818094477124
Monday, May 1.121   
Tueſday, 2. 1211 
Wedneſday, 3.2  2 1
Thurſday, 4.      
Friday, 5.      
Saturday, 6.      
Sunday, 7.      
Dr [...]k,333 [...]11
[...],7 [...]177 [...] [...]7023

Note, The firſt line contains the ſtock in the cellar, in bottles.

The ſecond line contains the additions to the ſtock in the cou [...] of the week.

The third line the total amount of the week's ſtock.

As it is drank daily, ſet it down oppoſite the days, and caſt up what is drank in the week, and enter it in the line oppoſite Drank; then, deducting the bottles drank from the ſtock above, will leave the number of bottles in the cellar as in the laſt line.

[179]

A LIST of the MEATS, FOWL and FISH, in ſeaſon. * denotes in Seaſon.
MEATS.Jan.Feb.Mar.Apr.MayJuneJulyAugSeptOct.NovDec.
Beef,************
Graſs Lamb,   *******  
Houſe ditto,***       **
Mutton,************
Pork,***     ****
Veal,************
Veniſon, Buck,     ****   
Ditto, Doe,         ***

Graſs Lamb is in much eſteem in April and May, when it firſt comes in.

POULTRY, &c.Jan.Feb.MarApr.MayJuneJulyAugSeptOct.NovDec
Capons,***        *
Chickens,************
Dotterels,         ***
Ducklings,  ******    
Ducks,      ***   
Ditto wild,       *****
Fowls,************
Geeſe,        ****
Ditto, green,    ****    
Hares,**      ****
Larks,        ****
Leverets,   *****    
Partridges,**      ****
Pheaſants,**     *****
Pidgeons,****  ******
Plover,     ***    
Pullets,************
Rabbits, wild,*  *********
Snipes,**       ***
Teal,        ****
Turkey Poults,    ****    
Turkeys,***      ***
Wheatears,      **    
Widgeons,         ***
Woodcocks,**       ***

Chickens are dear [...] and choice at Lady-day, Fowls at Midſummer.

[180]

FISH is always DEAREST when in SEASON. † denotes in Seaſon.
FISH.Jan.Feb.MarApr.MayJuneJulyAug.SeptOct.NovDec.
Carp, 
Chubb,          
Cockles,         
Cod,      
Codling,           
Crabs,       
Crawfiſh,    
Dorees,          
Eels,    
Flounders,      
Gudgeons,          
Gurnet,          
Haddock,         
Herrings,       
Holibut,          
Lampreys,          
Lobſters, 
Mackrel,         
Mullet,       
Muſcles,         
Oyſte [...]s,     
Perch,         
Pike,      
Plaice,      
Prawns,     
Salmon,      
Skate,     
Smelts,   
Soles,    
Sturgeon,         
Tench,  
Thornback,      
Tront,         
Ditto Salmon,          
Turbot,     
Whitings,         

[181] The moſt eminent PHYSICIANS in Town are,

  • DR. William Pitcairn, Warwick-Court.
  • Dr. Heberden, Pall-Mall.
  • Dr. Brockleſby, Norfolk-ſtreet.
  • Dr. Cadogan, George-ſtreet, Hanover-ſquare.
  • Dr. Giſborne, Clifford-ſtreet, Burlington-Gardens.
  • Dr. Warren, Sackville-ſtreet.
  • Sir Clifton Wintringham, Dover-ſtreet.
  • Dr. Turton, Adelphi.
  • Sir Richard Jebb, Great George-ſtreet, Weſtminſter.
  • Sir Lucas Pepys, Upper Brook-ſtreet.
  • Sir George Baker, Jermyn-ſtreet.
  • Dr. Watſon, Lincolns-inn-fields.
  • Dr. Saunders, Spring-Gardens.
  • Sir John Elliot, Cecil-ſtreet.
  • Dr. Hugh Smith, Bridge-ſtreet, Blackfriars.
  • Dr. Ford, Old Bond-ſtreet.
  • Dr. George Fordyce, Eſſex-ſtreet.
  • Dr. Bromfield, Gerard-ſtreet, St. Anne's.
  • Dr. Lettſom, Baſinghall-ſtreet.
  • Dr. Higgins, Greek-ſtreet, Soho.
  • Dr. Hulme, Charterhouſe Square.

MEN-MIDWIVES.

  • Dr. Ford, Old Bond-ſtreet.
  • Dr. Denham, Old Burlington-ſtreet.
  • Dr. Khron, Southampton-ſtreet, Covent Garden.
  • Dr. MacLaurin, of the London Hoſpital, City Road.
  • Dr. Garthſhore, St. Martin's lane, Weſtminſter.
  • Dr. John Cooper, may be heard of at the Crown and Anchor, Strand.
  • Dr. Oſborne, Percy ſtreet.

SURGEONS.

  • Mr. Warner, Hatton-ſtreet, Holborn.
  • Mr. Watſon, Rathbone Place.
  • [182]Mr. Hunter, St. George's Hoſpital.
  • Mr. Minors, Chancery-lane.
  • Mr. Chafey, Bernor's-ſtreet.
  • Mr. Wathen, Walbrook.
  • Mr. Pinkſton, St. Alban's-ſtreet.
  • Mr. Adair, Argyle-ſtreet.
  • Mr. Pott, Hanover-ſquare.
  • Mr. Grindall, Auſtin-friars.
  • Mr. Triquet, Craven-ſtreet.
  • Mr. Greening, Old Burlington ſtreet.
  • Mr. Howard, Southampton-ſtreet, Covent-Gardon,

LIST of the BANKERS.

  • ASGIL, Sir Charles, and Co. No. 70, Lombard-ſtreet.
  • Barclay and Co. 56, ditto.
  • Batſon and Co. 69, ditto.
  • Biddulph and Co. Charing-croſs.
  • Bland and Co. 62, Lombard-ſtreet.
  • Boldero and Co. 5, Manſion-houſe ſtreet.
  • Boldero, Kendal and Co. 77, Lombard-ſtreet.
  • Caſtel and Co. 66, ditto.
  • Child and Co. 1, Fleet-ſtreet.
  • Couts and Co. near the Adelphi.
  • Crofts and Co. 39, Pall-mall.
  • Denne and Co. without Temple-bar.
  • Dorriens and Co. 22, Finch-lane.
  • Drummond and Co. Charing-croſs.
  • Eſdaile, Sir James, and Sons, Lombard-ſtreet.
  • Fuller, William, and Son, 24, ditto.
  • Fuller, Richard, and Co. 84, Cornhill.
  • Goſling and Co. 19, Fleet-ſtreet.
  • Hallifax, Sir Thomas, and Co. 18, Birchin-lane.
  • Hanbury and Co. 60, Lombard-ſtreet.
  • Hankey and Co. 7, Fenchurch-ſtreet.
  • Harriſon and Co. 17, Ironmonger-lane.
  • Hercy and Co. New Bond-ſtreet.
  • Herries, Sir Robert, and Co, 16. St. Jame's-ſtreet.
  • [183]Hoare and Co. 37. Fleet-ſtreet.
  • Hodſoll and Co. near Catherine-ſtreet, Strand.
  • Jones and Co, 17, Watling-ſtreet.
  • Ladbrooke and Co. Bank Buildings.
  • Langſton and Co. 29, Clement's-lane.
  • Lee and Co. 71, Lombard-ſtreet.
  • Lefevre and Co. 29, Cornhill.
  • Lemon, Sir William, and Co. 11, Manſionhouſe-ſtreet.
  • London Exchange banking company, St. James's-ſtreet.
  • Lowe and Co. 20, Birchin-lane.
  • Mackworth, Sir Herb. and Co. 68, New Bond ſtreet.
  • Martin and Co. 68, Lombard ſtreet.
  • Mildred and Co. 2, White Hart Court, ditto.
  • Moorhouſe and Co. 76, Lombard-ſtreet.
  • Newnham and Co. 65, ditto.
  • Pell and Co. 1, Bartholemew-lane.
  • Preſcott's and Co. 62, Threadneedle ſtreet.
  • Pybus and Co. 148, New Bond-ſtreet.
  • Ranſom and Co. 57, Pall Mall.
  • Raymond, Sir Charles, and Co. by the Manſion houſe.
  • Smith, Payne, and Co. ditto.
  • Smith, (Sam.) and Son, 12, Aldermanbury.
  • Smith, Wright, and Co. 21, Lombard-Street.
  • Staples and Co. 50, Cornhill.
  • Taylor and Co. 60, Lombard-ſtreet.
  • Walpole and Co. 28, ditto.
  • Welch and Co. Freeman's Court, Cornhill.
  • Whitehead and Co. 4. Baſinghall-ſtreet.
  • Wikenden and Co. 20, Lombard-ſtreet.
  • Wright and Son, Henrietta-ſtreet, Covent Garden.

A LIST of ſuch PUBLIC OFFICES as the People in general have occaſion to apply to.

  • ADMIRALTY, Charing-croſs.
  • African Company, Cannon-ſtreet.
  • Bank, Cornhill.
  • Chamberlain, Lord, Stable yard, St. James's.
  • Chamberlain's office, city, Guildhall.
  • [184]Charter Houſe, Smithfield.
  • Chriſt's Hoſpital, Newgate-ſtreet.
  • Cuſtom Houſe, Lower Thames-ſtreet.
  • Exciſe Office, Broad-ſtreet, near the Exchange.
  • Firſt Fruits Office, Temple.
  • Greenwich Hoſpital Receiver's Office, Tower-hill.
  • Hawkers and Pedlars, Somerſet Place.
  • Herald's College, near St. Paul's.
  • Houſe Tax, Charing-croſs.
  • Impreſt Office, Scotland-yard.
  • Lancaſter Duchy Court, Gray's-inn.
  • Land Tax, Exciſe Office, Broad-ſtreet.
  • Window Lights, Lombard-ſtreet.
  • Navy Office, Crutched Friars
  • Pay Office, Navy, Broad-ſtreet, city.
  • Ditto, Army, Whitehall.
  • Poſt Office, General, Lombard-ſtreet.
  • Privy Seal, Whitehall.
  • Queen Ann's Bounty, Dean's yard, Weſtminſter.
  • Salt Office, York Buildings.
  • Secretaries of State, Foreign, St. James's,
  • — Home, Whitehall.
  • Sick and Hurt Seamen, Tower hill.
  • Signet Office, Whitehall.
  • Stamp Office, Somerſet-place, or Lincoln's-inn.
  • Society for Chriſtian Knowledge, Bartlet's Buildings, Holborn.
  • — for Religious Knowledge among the Poor, Founder's-Hall, Lothbury.
  • — for propagating the Goſpel, Queen Ann's Bounty-office, Dean's-yard, Weſtminſter.
  • Tenths, Temple.
  • Treaſury, Whitehall.
  • Trinity Houſe, Water-lane, Tower-ſtreet.
  • Turkey Company, Salters-hall.
  • Victualling Office, Tower-hill.
  • War Office, Whitehall.
  • Widows and Children of Clergymen, No. 13, Paper Buildings, Temple.
  • Works, Board of, Whitehall.

HOLIDAYS kept at the PUBLIC OFFICES.

[185]
BANK.
  • Jan. 1, 6, 18, 25, 80.
  • Feb. 2, 24.
  • Mar. 25.
  • Apr. 23, 25.
  • May, 1, 29.
  • June, 4, 11, 24, 29.
  • July, 25.
  • Aug. 1, 12, 24.
  • Sept. 2, 21, 22, 29.
  • Oct. 18, 25, 26, 28.
  • Nov. 1, 4, 5, 9, 30.
  • Dec. 21, 25, 26, 27, 28.
Moveable Holidays.
  • Shrove Tueſday,
  • Aſh Wedneſday,
  • Good Friday,
  • Eaſter Monday,
  • —Tueſday,
  • Eaſter Wedneſday,
  • Holy Thurſday,
  • Whit-Munday,
  • —Tueſday,
  • —Wedneſday.

Dividends are paid at the Bank from nine to eleven in the morning, and from one to three in the afternoon.

Transfers are made from eleven to one.

EXCHEQUER.
  • Jan. 1, 6, 18, 25, 30.
  • Feb. 2, 14, 24.
  • Mar. 1, 25.
  • Apr. 23, 25.
  • May, 1, 29.
  • June, 4, 10, 11, 24, 29.
  • July, 15, 25.
  • Aug. 1, 11, 12, 24.
  • Sept. 2, 14, 18, 21, 22, 29.
  • Oct. 25, 28.
  • Nov. 1, 2, 4, 5, 17, 25, 30.
  • Dec. 21, 25, 26, 27, 28.
  • Shrove Tueſday,
  • Aſh Wedneſday,
  • Good Friday,
  • Eaſter Mon. Tueſ. & Wed.
  • Holy Thurſday,
  • Whit-Mon. Tueſ. & Wed.
STAMP-OFFICE.
  • Jan. 1, 6, 18, 25, 30.
  • Feb. 2, 24.
  • Mar. 25.
  • Apr. 23, 25.
  • May, 1, 29.
  • June, 4, 10, 11, 24, 29.
  • July, 25.
  • Aug. 1, 11, 12, 24.
  • Sept. 2, 18, 21, 22, 29.
  • Oct. 18, 25, 28.
  • Nov. 1, 4, 5, 9, 17, 25, 30.
  • Dec. 21, 25, 26, 27, 28.
  • Shrove Tueſday,
  • Aſh Wedneſday,
  • Good Friday,
  • Eaſter Mon. Tueſ. & Wed.
  • Holy Thurſday,
  • Whit-Mon. Tueſ. & Wed.
EXCISE-OFFICE.
  • Jan. 1, 6, 18, 25, 30.
  • Feb. 2, 14, 24.
  • Mar. 1, 25.
  • Apr. 23, 25.
  • May, 1, 29.
  • June, 4, 10, 11, 24, 29.
  • July, 15, 25.
  • Aug. 1, 11, 12, 24.
  • Sept. 2, 14, 18, 21, 22, 29.
  • Oct. 18, 25, 28.
  • Nov. 1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 17, 30.
  • Dec. 21, 25, 26, 27, 28.
  • Shrove Tueſday,
  • Aſh Wedneſday,
  • Good Friday,
  • Eaſter Mon. Tueſ. & Wed.
  • Holy Thurſday,
  • Whit-Mon. Tueſ. & Wed.
CUSTOM-HOUSE.
  • Jan. 1, 6, 18, 25, 30.
  • Feb. 2, 24.
  • Mar. 25.
  • Apr. 23, 25.
  • May, 1, 29.
  • June, 4, 10, 11, 24, 29.
  • July, 25.
  • Aug. 1, 12, 24.
  • Sept. 2, 21, 22, 29.
  • Oct. 18, 28.
  • Nov. 1, 4, 5, 9, 30.
  • Dec. 21, 25, 26, 27, 28.
  • Good Friday,
  • Eaſter Mon. Tueſ. & Wed.
  • Holy Thurſday,
  • Whit-Mon. Tueſ. & Wed.
SOUTH-SEA HOUSE.
  • Jan. 1, 18, 25, 30.
  • Feb. 2, 24.
  • Mar. 1, 25.
  • Apr. 23, 25.
  • May, 1, 29.
  • June, 4, 10, 11, 24, 29.
  • July, 25.
  • Aug. 1, 12, 24.
  • Sept. 2, 18, 21, 22, 29.
  • Oct. 18, 26, 28.
  • Nov. 1, 4, 5, 9, 25, 30.
  • Dec. 21, 25, 26, 27, 28.
  • Shrove Tueſday,
  • Aſh Wedneſday,
  • Good Friday,
  • Eaſter Mon. Tueſ. & Wed.
  • Holy Thurſday,
  • Whit-Mon. Tueſ. & Wed.

Dividends at the South-Sea Houſe and India-Houſe are paid from nine to twelve in the morning.

Transfers are made there from twelve to one.

TABLES OF MEASURES AND WEIGHTS.

Ale and Beer Meaſure.
  • 2 Pints make 1 Quart
  • 4 Quarts 1 Gallon
  • 8 Gallons 1 Firkin of Ale
  • 9 Gallons 1 Firkin of Beer
  • 2 Firkins 1 Kilderkin
  • 2 Kilderkins 1 Barrel
  • 3 Kilderkins 1 Hogſhead
  • 3 Barrels 1 Butt
Wine Meaſure.
  • 4 Gills make 1 Pint
  • 2 Pints 1 Quart
  • 4 Quarts 1 Gallon
  • 18 Gallons 1 Rundlet
  • 1 1-3d Rundlet 1 Barrel
  • 1 1-3d Barrel 1 Tierce
  • 11-2 Tierce or 63 Gall. 1 Hhd
  • 1 1-3d Hhd. or 84 Gall. 1 Puncheon
  • 1 1-half Punch. or 2 Hhds. 1 Pipe or Butt
  • 2 Pipes 1 Tun

By this meaſure all brandies, ſpirits, mead, cyder, perry, and oil, are meaſured.

Corn Meaſure.
  • 2 Quarts make 1 Pottle
  • 2 Pottles 1 Gallon
  • 2 Gallons 1 Peck
  • 4 Pecks or 8 Gall. 1 Buſhel*
  • 8 Buſhels 1 Quarter or Vat
  • 5 Quarters of Wheat, Beans or Peaſe, 1 Load
  • 10 Quarters of Oats 1 Load
Dry Meaſure.
  • 2 Pints make 1 Quart
  • 2 Quarts 1 Pottle
  • 2 Pottles 1 Gallon
  • 2 Gallons 1 Peck
  • 4 Pecks 1 Buſhel
  • 8 Buſhels 1 Quarter
  • 5 Quarters 1 Wey or Load
  • 5 Pecks 1 Buſhel of water meaſure
  • 4 Buſhels 1 Coomb
  • 10 Coombs 1 Wey
  • 2 Weys 1 Laſt of corn

By this meaſure ſalt, lead-ore, oyſters, corn, and other dry goods are meaſured.

Coal Meaſure.
  • 4 Pecks make 1 Buſhel
  • 9 Buſhels 1 Vat or Strike
  • 36 Buſhels 1 Chaldron
  • 21 Chaldrons 1 Score

Note, In five chaldrons of coals the ſeller always gives nine buſhels over.

Cloth Meaſure.
  • 2 1-4th Inches make 1 Nail
  • 4 Nails 1 Quarter of a Yard
  • 4 Quarters 1 Yard
  • 5 Quarters 1 Ell Engliſh
  • 3 Quarters 1 Ell Flemiſh
  • 6 Quarters 1 Ell French

Scotch and Iriſh linens are bought and ſold by the yard Engliſh; but all Dutch linens are bought by the ell Flemiſh, and fold by the ell Engliſh.

Long Meaſure.
  • 3 Barley-corns make 1 inch
  • 3 Inches 1 Palm
  • 3 Palms 1 Span
  • 1 1-3d Palm, or 12 Inches, 1 Foot
  • 1 1-2d Foot 1 Cubit
  • 2 Cubits 1 Yard
  • 1 Yard 2-3ds 1 Pace
  • 1 Pace 1-5th 1 Fathom
  • 2 Fathoms 3-4ths 1 Pole
  • 16 Feet 1-half, or 5 Yards 1-half, 1 Pole
  • 40 Poles 1 Furlong
  • 8 Furlongs 1 Mile
  • 3 Miles 1 League
  • 20 Leagues 1 Degree
  • 69 Miles 1-half 1 Degree

This treats of Length only.

Square Meaſure.
  • 144 ſquare Inches make 1 ſquare Foot
  • 9 ſquare Feet 1 ſquare Yard
  • 30 1-4th ſquare Yards 1 ſquare Pole
  • 40 ſquare Poles 1 ſquare Rood
  • 4 ſquare Roods 1 ſquare acre
  • 640 ſquare Acres 1 ſquare Mile

This includes Length and Breadth.

Cubic Meaſure.
  • 1728 cubic Inches make 1 Foot
  • 27 cubic Feet make 1 cubic Yard

This comprehends Length, Breadth, and Thickneſs.

Avoirdupoize Weight.
  • 16 Drachms make 1 ounce, marked oz.
  • 16 Ounces 1 Pound, lb.
  • 28 Pounds 1 Quarter of a Hundred, qr.
  • 4 Quarters 1 Hundred, or 112 lb. cwt.
  • 20 Hundred Weight 1 Ton, T.

Butter, Cheeſe, Fleſh, Grocery wares, and all goods that have waſte, are weighed by this.

Troy Weight.
  • 4 Grains make 1 Carat
  • 24 Grains 1 Pennyweight, marked dwt.
  • 20 Pennyweight 1 Ounce, marked oz.
  • 12 Ounces 1 Pound lb.

By this weight Jewels, Gold, Silver, Amber, &c. are weighed.—14 Ounces, 11 Pennyweights, and 15 Grains Troy, are equal to a Pound Avoirdupoize.

Apothecaries Weight.
  • 20 Grains make 1 Scruple, marked ℈
  • 3 Scruples 1 Drachm ʒ
  • 8 Drachms 1 Ounce ℥
  • 12 Ounces 1 Pound, or Pi [...]t of Liquid, lb.

Apothecaries compound their medicines by this weight, but buy and ſell by Avoirdupoize weight.

Wool Weight.
  • 7 Pounds make 1 Clove
  • 2 Cloves 1 Stone
  • 2 Stone 1 Todd
  • 6 and half Todd 1 Wey
  • 2 Weys 1 Sack
  • 12 Sacks 1 Laſt
Bread Weight.
 lb.oz.dr.
A peck loaf ſhould weigh1761
A half-peck8110
A quartern458

Note, A buſhel of flour is 56 lb.—When the quartern loaf wheaten is ſold for 8d. the ſeconds ſhall be ſold for 7 d. the houſhold for 6 d. and ſo in proportion.

Hay and Straw.
  • A Load of either contains 36 truſſes
  • A Truſs of Hay 56 Pounds
  • A Truſs of Straw 36 Pounds
TIME.
  • 60 Seconds make 1 Minute
  • 60 Minutes 1 Hour
  • 24 Hours 1 Day
  • 7 Days 1 Week
  • 4 Weeks 1 Month
  • 13 Months, 1 day, 6 hours, or 365 days, 6 hours, makes 1 Year.
Paper is Bought by the Ream.
  • [...]4 Sheets make 1 Quire
  • [...]0 Quires 1 Ream
  • 2 Reams 1 Bundle
  • 5 Bundles 1 Bale

Note, A perfect Ream is twenty-one Quires and a half, without any outſide or damaged Sheets.

A ſtone of meat is 8lb.

A ſtone horſeman's weight, 14 lb.

Horſes in height are meaſured by hands, each hand four inches.

THE END.

Appendix A Juſt publiſhed, And to be had of the AUTHOR, No. 14, Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell,

[]

THE COUNTRY LAWYER, price 3 s. 6d. by DR. TRUSLER, being a Summary of all thoſe Acts of Parliament, with the opinion of the Courts thereon, which perſons living in the country have continually occaſion to refer to: Such as,

  • Landlord and Tenants,
  • Commons,
  • Treſpaſſes,
  • Nuſances,
  • Game,
  • Dogs,
  • Clergy,
  • Church,
  • Pariſh Offices,
  • Highways,
  • Servants,
  • Horſes,
  • Carriages,
  • Shops,
  • Windows, &c.
  • And all the Tax Acts.

Note, Every ſubject is here fully and accurately treated, more ſo than in any book extant; and all tho laws reſpecting the Clergy, more at large than in any other publication.

Notes
*
In one riſk.
*
In one riſk.
*
From 6 Yards, &c. to 12 may be found in this Table: as 8 Yards at 6 d. per Yard, is the ſame as 6 Yards at 8 d.—For the Cwt. from 1 f. to 1 s. ſee the next Table.
*
An equivalent Annuity, to take effect upon the ſame contingency, may be aſſured inſtead of a groſs ſum.
*
But this was before the duty: the addition of three-halfpence will make four-pence halfpenny now for one, and five-pence halfpenny for the other.
*
If the reader is deſirous of a farther inſight into the arts, deceptions and frauds, of the different profeſſions, he cannot read a more uſeful work for this purpoſe, than a novel in three volumes, lately publiſhed, under the patronage of the Literary Society, called Modern Times, or the Adventures of Gabriel Outcaſt, written in imitation of Gil Blas, which, while it improves him, and makes him acquainted with the villainy of the world, will exceedingly entertain him, it being penned with great humour, and by one who has apparently a thorough knowledge of life.
*
Some joints will coſt more than 2 s. 6 d. but many articles that will go through ſuch a family may be bought for leſs, as half a calf's head for 1 s. 3 d. a bullock's heart for 1 s. 4 d. tripe, &c.
Dried cod may be bought of the wholeſale fiſh-mongers, in Thames-ſtreet, for 2 d. halfpenny a pound.
*
In Surry, and ſome other counties, the Buſhel contains nine gallons, but the price is eſtimated accordingly.
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Citation Suggestion for this Object
TextGrid Repository (2020). TEI. 4771 The London adviser and guide containing every instruction and information useful and necessary to persons living in London and coming to reside there By the Rev Dr Trusler. University of Oxford Text Archive. . https://hdl.handle.net/21.T11991/0000-001A-618E-7