[]
[figure]
[]

A DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY, COLLEGE, AND CATHEDRAL of WINCHESTER. EXHIBITING A complete and comprehenſive Detail OF THEIR ANTIQUITIES and PRESENT STATE.

The whole illuſtrated with Several curious and authentic Particulars, collected from a Manuſcript of ANTHONY WOOD, preſerved in the Aſhmolean Muſeum at Oxford; the COLLEGE and CATHEDRAL REGISTERS, and other Original Authorities, never before publiſhed.

—Capiturque locis, et ſinguloe loetus
Exquiritque auditque VIRUM MONUMENTA PRIORUM.
VIRG. viii. 311.

LONDON, Printed for R. BALDWIN, in Pater-noſter Row: Sold by T. BURDON, in Wincheſter; B. COLLINS, in Saliſbury; and by the Bookſellers of OXFORD, and CAMBRIDGE. [Price One Shilling.]

PREFACE.

[3]

THE pious Deſigns, and the magnificent Works, of our Anceſtors are Themes, on which every Reader of a liberal Curioſity receives Information with Pleaſure. But the following Work is more immediately calculated for the peculiar Convenience of the Traveller; and is principally deſigned as a local Guide to Strangers, who may be tempted to viſit the curious and entertaining Particulars which it profeſſes to deſcribe and illuſtrate.

For the Satisfaction of the Reader it may be neceſſary ſtill further to premiſe, that our Account is compiled from the beſt private Information, from an attentive Examination on the Spot, and from a Variety of Materials relating to the Subject, incidentally diſperſed in different Books, which have been carefully collected, and ſuccinctly digeſted. To reader our Detail ſtill more complete and authentic, we have conſulted two Folio Volumes written on Vellum, belonging to the Cathedral Church of Wincheſter, containing the Acts of the Pontificate of William of Wykeham, whoſe Benefactions make ſo conſpicuous a Figure in the Hiſtory of Wincheſter. It is called Regiſtrum Wykeham, and begins with the Year mccclxvii. But our principal [4] Aſſiſtance has been derived from a valuable Manuſcript of Anthony Wood, never before printed, and preſerved in the Aſhmolean Muſeum at Oxford, D 4. 56, 8518. pag. 308. 4to. It is dated, Febru [...], 1684, and conſiſts of the following Articles. 1. The Church of the Hoſpital of St. Croſs, with it Epitaphs. 2. Wincheſter College, with the monumental Inſcriptions, painted Windows, Memorials of Arms, and other Particulars in the Chapel, Cloyſters, and Library. 3. The Obits of ſeveral of the Fellows of the ſaid College, as [...] in the Regiſter of the College from A.D. 1397. to A.D. 1668. None of which appear to have been buried in the Chapel or Cloyſters. 4. Catalogue of the Maſters of St. Croſs Hoſpital, A.D. 1382. to A.D. 1619. 5. Extracts from a Regiſter of Benefactions to Wincheſter College. Begining with ‘"A Miſſal given to Wincheſter College by Mag. Thomas Nevil, Prior of the Cathedral Church of Wincheſter:"’ And ending with, ‘"John White, Biſhop of Winton, gave to the College at Winton, by Will, his Mitre and Cro [...]-Staff, a Tankard ſilver-gilt, a Baſon, and Yeure of Silver, and a Turkie Carpet."’—Beſides theſe, we have been favoured with the Peruſal of ſeveral original Evidences, and authentic Papers.

THE CITY.

[]

WINCHESTER appears to have been a City of conſiderable Note among the antient Britons, by whom it was called Caer Guen, or the White City, from its Situation upon a chalky Soil. Many reputable Hiſtorians report, that it was founded by Ludor Rous Hudibras, 892 Years before the Birth of Chriſt. It afterwards became a Roman Station, and probably one of their Cities, as appears from the Diſcovery of a Pavement of Brick, and Coins of Conſtantine the Great, found in digging the Foundat [...]on of the Royal Palace of Charles II. Camden * tells us, that during the [6] Saxon Heptarchy the Weſt Saxon Kings reſided in this City; who adorned it with magnificent Churches, and an Epiſcopal See. King Ethelſtan eſtabliſhed here ſix Mints for the Coinage of Money. The Dome-boc of Alfred was repoſited in the Cathedral of this City, thence called Codex Wintonienſis; as was afterwards the preſent Domeſday book of the Conqueror . From its firſt Foundation to the laſt mentioned Period, it was three Times deſtroyed by Fire. In the Civil Wars between King Stephen and Maud the Empreſs, this Place was almoſt totally deſolated; but the Misfortune was amply repaired by Edward III. who fixed here a Staple for Wool, and Woollen Manufactures§.

It is ſaid to have been firſt fortified with Walls by Guidorius, Anno Dom. 179. The preſent Walls are reported to have been erected by Moleutius Dunwallo, Anno Dom. 341. On the South and Eaſt Sides, for ſome Diſtance, they remain entire, and many Fragments of them are continued to a conſiderable Extent on the North and Weſt, particularly to the Weſtward, on which is to be ſeen a Baſtion, called the Hermit's Tower. Their Circumference is one Mile and [7] an Half. There were formerly ſix City Gates, the four principal of which ſtill ſubſiſt, as does one of the Poſterns called the King's Gate *; the ſixth Gate, which ſtood between the North and Eaſt Gate, is utterly deſtroyed. On the Weſt, and on Part of the North and South Sides, is a Foſs of prodigious Breadth and Depth, but to the Meadows, which were eaſily floated by the River, ſuch a Defence was thought unneceſſary. The vacant Spaces within the Walls, now formed into Gardens, demonſtrate that the Town has been greatly depopulated.

Near the Weſt Gate we ſurvey the Ruins of a ſtrong and ſtately Caſtle, which according to Tradition was built by King Arthur Anno Dom. 523; and was a Place of remarkable Defence in the Reign of King Stephen, againſt whoſe Attacks it was bravely maintained by Maud the Empreſs for a conſiderable Time. By a Plan of it drawn Anno Dom. 1630, it appears to have been a quadrangular Structure, with a Tower at each Angle: And by a ſmall Sketch in Speed, Anno Dom. 1614, we diſcover, that the Entrance from the Weſt was over a Bridge thrown [8] acroſs the Weſtern Foſs, leading to a Gate-way contiguous to the South Weſt Angle of the Building. It appears by the ſame Sketch, to have had ſome Outworks, with Towers, to the South. Heylin inform us, that ‘"it was a gallant, but not great Caſtle, bravely mounted on a Hill, for Defence, and Proſpect*."’ The Weſt Saxon Kings, and many of our Princes after the Conqueſt, reſided in this Caſtle, ſome of whom were born, and others crowned here. In later § Times, it was inhabited as a Dwelling Houſe by Sir William Waller and his Family near one hundred Years before the Grand Rebellion, in which it was demoliſhed about Anno Dom. 1642. During the Troubles the King had ſeized and garriſoned this Fortreſs; from whoſe Forces it was afterwards taken by Sir William Waller its original Owner, who was one of Cromwell's Generals. The Chapel of the Caſtle, which was, as at preſent, originally a detached Building, is ſtill entire, and is a magnificent Edifice, conſiſting of three Iles, 110 Feet in Length and 55 in Breadth. In this Chapel a famous Cauſe concerning the Superiority of [9] the See of Canterbury over that of York was tried Anno Dom. 1072, before Hubert the Pope's Legate, King William, and all the Biſhops and Abbots in England . A Chantry formerly belonged to this Chape, as appears by its Diſſolution at the Reformation§.

The Aſſizes for the County of Hants were originally kept in this Caſtle; at leaſt as early as the Year 1272, as we learn from the Wincheſter Annaliſt, who frequently remarks that the Royal Family quitted their Reſidence at this Place to make Room for the Judges; but at preſent the Chapel, of which I have been juſt ſpeaking, is appropriated to this Purpoſe. At the End hangs what is commonly called King Arthur's Round Table, which is 18 Feet in Diameter. It would be needleſs to multiply Authorities for a Proof that this Table is of modern Date. However it is of higher Antiquity than it is commonly ſuppoſed to be: For Paulus Jovius *, who wrote above two hundred Years ago, relates, that it was ſhewn to the Emperor Charles V. and that at that Time many Marks of its Antiquity had been deſtroyed, the Names of the Knights having been then juſt written afreſh, and the whole Table, with its Ornaments, newly repaired. Turnaments being [10] often held at Wincheſter before the Court and Parliament, this Table might probably have been uſed, on thoſe Occaſions, for entertaining the Combatants; which, on that Account, was properly inſcribed with the Names of Arthur's twenty-four Knights; either in Commemoration of that Prince, who was the reputed Founder and Patron of Tilts and Turnaments; or becauſe he was ſuppoſed to have eſtabliſhed theſe martial Sports at Wincheſter. In later Times theſe Exerciſes were called Menſa Rotunda *. The Names of the Knights inſcribed on the Table are much the ſame as thoſe we find in an old Romance concerning King Arthur , viz. Sir Lancelot du Lake, Sir Triſtram, Sir Pelleas, Sir Gawain, Sir Garethe, &c.

On or near the Site of this Caſtle Charles II. Anno Dom. 1683, laid the Foundation of a magnificent Royal Palace, only the Shell of which was finiſhed. A Cupola was deſigned 30 Feet higher than the Roof, which would have been ſeen at Sea; and a Street was intended leading from the Weſt End of the Cathedral to the Centre of the Front. The Length of the whole is 328 Feet. A Park was alſo projected ten Miles in Circumſerence: but the Death of the [11] King prevented the Progreſs and Execution of this noble Plan. The Palace is at preſent converted into a commodious Priſon for French Priſoners of War.

The City of Wincheſter contains eight Pariſh Churches. It had formerly 45, or more, many of which were ſuppreſſed by Biſhop Fox in the Reign of Henry VII. as inſufficient to maintain their reſpective Incumbents§.

In a Meadow, called Denemrch [...]ead, between Hyde Abbey and the City Wall, Guy Earl of Warwick is ſaid to have encountered and conquered Colbrand the Daniſh Giant. The Battle-Ax with which he atchieved this memorable Exploit was kept in the Treaſury of St. Swythun's Cathedral till the Reformation, and was called Colbrandis Axe . Eaſtward of the Town, on a Hill called St. Giles's Hill, where ſtood a Chapel dedicated to St. Giles, Waldawus a Saxon, Earl of Northumberland, was beheaded by Command of the Conqueror.

On the oppoſite Hill, called Catharine Hill, Leland acquaints us, there was a fair Chapel dedicated to that Saint. It was endowed with Lands, and ſuppreſſed by Cardinal Wolſey .

[12] The Proſpect from either of theſe Hills is very delightful. The City, interſperſed with Trees and Gardens, magnificent Structures and venerable Ruins, and the Country conſiſting of watered winding Vallies, bordered by Declivities of a prodigious Height, gradually riſing into extenſive Downs bounded by diſtant Woods, muſt charm every Lover of romantic or rural beauty.

St. John's Houſe is appointed for the public Meetings of the Mayor and Aldermen. It has an Hoſpital annexed, and is ſaid to have been founded by William Lamb, Eſq 1554. In Leland's Time it was an Hoſpital for the Sick, and in the Chapel was a Statute of St. Briſtan Biſhop of Wincheſter, who probably was the Founder§. He died A.D. 932. On the Weſt Side of the Cloſe-Wall is a commodious Hoſpital founded by William Symonds, Gent. A.D. 1607, for ſix old Men, one Woman, and four Boys. On the North Side of the Cathedral is a decent College founded by Biſhop Morley, A.D. 1672, for ten Widows of Clergymen.

The County Hoſpital in this City is a magnificent Edifice, the Front of which is 224 Feet in Length. It was opened for Patients at Michaelmas, A.D. 1759. This Inſtitution was the firſt of the Kind in England, and was begun, but not in the preſent Building, A.D. 1736.

[13] The Market Croſs, about the Middle of the High-ſtreet, is an elegant Gothic Structure, 43 Feet high, and, as I conjecture, of the Age of Henry VI.

Beſides the College and Cathedral, which will be ſeparately deſcribed, there have been ſeveral religious Foundations in this City. The moſt eminent was Hyde-Abby for Benedictines, which ſtood for 200 Years within the Precincts of St. Swythun's, and on a Quarrel between the two Societies was removed to a Suburb called Hyde. It was eſtabliſhed at Hyde by Henry I. and W. Giffard Biſhop of Wincheſter. A.D. 1121. and at the Diſſolution, A.D. 1538, was valued at 865l. 18s.. It's Abbots had a Seat in Parliament. The Church almoſt fills a large Meadow with it's Ruins, and appears to have conſiſted of three Iles, and to have been at leaſt 240 Feet long. It was built with Flint caſed with Stone. Of the Monaſtery nothing remains except ſome Out-buildings toward the Street; and one Gateway, the Mouldings of which exhibit, on each Side, the Head of a King. The ſame Head occurs on a Wall towards the South. Great Part of the Precinct-Wall is ſtill ſtanding. In this Abby many Saxon Kings and Princes were ſumptuouſly buried. The Church now called Hyde Church §, originally ſtood within the Precincts, [14] as did many Pariſh Churches in other Places. The Tower of Hyde Church was probably built with the Stone collected from the Ruins of the Abby.

Next to this, in Point of Eminence, was a Benedictine Nunnery, called St. Mary's Abby, founded by Alſwithe the Wife of King Alfred, A.D. 900. It was ſituated near the Houſe of George Peſcod, Eſq and is now reduced to a ſmall Heap of Stones. It conſiſted of an Abbeſs and 21 Nuns, and was valued at the Diſſolution at 175l. 7s. 2d.

From this Nunnery Henry I. took his Wife Maud, Daughter of Malcolm King of Scots, by which Marriage the Royal Families of the Saxons and Normans were united. Camden acquaints us, that the Ruins of this Monaſtery ſhewed it to have been a ſtately Fabric§. Beſides theſe there were the following Monaſteries, or religious Foundations.

The Hoſpital of the Almonry of the Church of St. Swythun, commonly called the Suſtern Spytal, maintained by St. Swythun's Convent, adjoined to the preſent College on the Weſt.

[15] The College of St. Eliſabeth, founded by John de Pontiſora, Biſhop of Wincheſter, A.D. 1300, for one Provoſt, ſix Chaplain Prieſts, ſix Clerks, and ſix Choriſters, was valued at the Diſſolution at 112l. 17s. 4d. The Provoſt had ſix Marks, and the Chaplains 40s. per Annum, beſides Commons. It ſtood in a Meadow, called St. Stephen's, near the preſent College on the Eaſt. Leland thus deſcribes it's Site. ‘"The College of St. Eliſabeth of Hungorie lyith ſtraite Eſt upon the New-College [Wincheſter-College]: and there is but a litle narrow Cauſey betwixt them. The mayne Arme and Stream of Alſford-Water, devided a little above the College [Elizabeth College] into two Armes, runnith on each Side§."’ Afterwards he adds, ‘"within theſe twoArms, not far from the College Church of St. Eliſabeth, is a Chapel of St. Stephen."’ The Biſhop in his Statutes ſets forth, that he founds this College before the Gates of Wolveſey Caſtle in a certain Meadow called St. Stephen's Meadow, containing ſix Acres, in which alſo ſtands an antient Chapel of St. Stephen .

[16] On the North Side of the Church-yard of St. Mary's Abby, deſcribed above, ſtood the Chapel of the Holy Trinity, conſiſting of a Warden and ſeveral Prieſts.

Here was a Convent of each of the four Orders of Mendicant Friers. The Auguſtine Friers were juſt without the South Gate on the left in the Road to Southampton. The Grey Friers, or Minors, on the right juſt with the Eaſt Gate. The Dominicans, on the North, within the City.

To theſe we may add the Prior and Brethren of St. Peter in the Church of St. Maurice, and the Church of St. Mary Kalender.

We ſhall cloſe our Account of the City with a Deſcription of the Hoſpital of St. Croſs, which ſtands about half a Mile Southward of the Town.

This Hoſpital was founded by Henry de Blois, Biſhop of Wincheſter, and Brother of King Stephen, about the Year 1136, for the Maintenance of thirteen poor Men: who likewiſe ordained, that one hundred other poor Perſons ſhould be entertained here every Day at Dinner, in a Place appointed for that Purpoſe, called Hundred-Mennes-Hall. Of theſe there were always thirteen of the poorer Scholars of the great Grammar School of Wincheſter. But this Inſtitution of daily feeding the one hundred Poor was not of [17] long Continuance; for it was abrogated before the Reign of Richard II. and inſtead of it, an Eſtabliſhment was ſubſtituted of four Prieſts, thirteen ſecular Clerks, and four Choriſters. In the Year 1444, Cardinal Beaufort, Biſhop of Wincheſter, made ample Additions to the Hoſpital, for the Maintenance of two Prieſts, thirtyfive Brethren, and three Siſters, beſides thoſe of the original Foundation. He gave his new Conſtitution the Name of The Alms Houſe of Noble Poverty; by which it appears, that he deſigned the Houſe for the Relief of decayed Gentlemen. This Hoſpital, though conſiderably diminiſhed in it's Revenues, ſtill ſubſiſts on the Remains of both Endowments.

The Building conſiſts of one extenſive, irregular Court. The Church, which was built in the Reign of King Stephen, by the firſt Founder, is a curious Remain of Saxon Architecture: It is in the Form of a Croſs, and the Body conſiſts of three Iles with a Tranſept. From the Altar [18] to the Weſt Door it is 150 Feet in Length; and the Tranſept 120. The Roof is remarkably lofty. On each Side of the Altar are handſome Screens of Spire Work in Stone. The Names of all the Officers belonging to the Hoſpital about A.D. 1575, are carved on a Deſk in the Chancel, among which we find thoſe of a Chanter, and ſinging Men; but at preſent there is no Proviſion for a Choir.

The great Weſt Window, the Conſtruction of which is in a more ornamental Style than any of the reſt, was probably altered to it's preſent Form, by the ſecond Founder, Cardinal Beaufort. It has ſome Remains of painted Glaſs, with an Inſcription, nothing of which is legible, or at leaſt intelligible, at preſent, except the Words Nicholas Bedford. In a South Window of the croſs Ile, are theſe Arms, viz. Gules three Lions Heads paſſant, Fl. de Lis reverſed, or three Eagles quartering Barry, and a Chief. In an Eaſt Window of the North Tranſept we find an Ave Maria, with ſome Fragments of painted Glaſs, under which is Orate pro anima Ricardi de Buteſhall; if I am right in the Name, which is the moſt imperfect Part. He was Maſter of the Hoſpital, A. D, 1346.

On the Roof of the Nave are two Cheverons, the Arms of Wykeham, between three Roſes; alſo the Arms of France and England quartered. The Coat between theſe two is defaced.

[19] In this Church are the following antient Epitaphs.

On a Stone of grey Marble, placed within an Arch in the North Ile, is this Inſcription in Saxon Characters. ‘"Hic jacet Magiſter Petrus de Sanctâ Mariâ quondam Cuſtos hujus Domus."’

On a Braſs Plate on the Ground, ‘"Here lieth Elizabeth Wroughton, Gentlewoman, who departed the xxiii Day of May, in the Year of our Lord 1551. whoſe Sowle Jeſu pardon."’

On another ‘"Hic jacet Johes Knyght, qui quondam erat frater iſtius loci novae fundationis editae per Henricum epum Winton et Cardinalem Angliae. Cujus anime, &c."’

On another, ‘"—rward decretorum Doctoris ac nuper hujus—die Aprilis Anno Domini Mcccc nonages. tertio."’

On another, ‘"Hic jacet Johes Turke, qui quondam erat frater’as before in Knyght's Epitaph.

[20] On another. ‘"The Yere of our Lord Mccc [...] and two, upon the eleventh Day of the Month of Feberere the Soul of John Newles the Body paſſed from a Brother of this Place reſtyng under thys Stone here born in Be [...] Squyer and Servant more than xxx Yere unto Harry Beauford Biſhop and Cardinal whoſe Soulys God convey to his Mother dere unto the blys of Heaven that is eternal Amen."’

In the Middle of the Nave, on a large flat Stone is the Figure of a Man on a Braſs Plate with two Labels over his Head, ‘"Jeſu cum veneris juſtificare noli me condemnare—qui ſervaſti me miſerere mei."’ Under the the Figure is, ‘"Hic jacet Johes de Camden quondam Cuſtos iſtius Hoſpitalis, cujus animae, &c."’ Round the Verge, ‘"Credo quod redemptor meus, &c."’

On a Braſs Plate. ‘"Hic jacet donus Johes Berton quondam Vicarius ſci Johis in Soca Winton."’

In the Southern Tranſept, on the Ground ‘"Hic jacet Johes Prews quondam Rector eccleſiae [21] de Mechelmerſh qui obiit 13 Die Menſis Aprilis, A.D. 1418. Cujus Animae, &c."’

On another, ‘Orate pro anima dni Willi Saunders quondam Cappellani novae fundationis hujus Collegii qui obiit 29 Die Nov. Ann. Dom. 1464. Cujus Anime, &c."’

On another, ‘"Under this Stone reſteth Alexander Swart late Brother of this place who departed this tranſitory Life to Almighty God the xvii Day of July, 1569."’

In a Chapel on the South Side of the Choir, or Chancel, ‘"Hic jacet Johannes Wayte filius Johis Wayte Armigeri, et Agathae Uxoris ejus, qui quidem Johes Wayte filius obiit ult. Die Octob. An. Dom. 1502. Cujus Animae, &c."’

On the North Side of the Court is the Refectory, in the Windows of which we find theſe Arms, viz. Arg. A Croſs pat. S. Quart. Fr. and England. a bord. Gobon. The ſame are over the Gate. I ſuppoſe for Cardinal Beaufort. The Lodgings of the Maſter, contiguous to the Refectory, are ſpacious and decent. On the Eaſt Side of the Court is this Inſcription. ‘"Henricus Compton Epiſcopus."’ He was [22] Maſter here, and promoted A.D. 1674 to the See of Oxford, and afterwards to that of London. We likewiſe find his Initials on the Stables, H.C. with the Year 1675. In the Eaſtern Gallery, and in other Places, we frequently read ‘"Dilexi ſapientiam R.S. 1503."’ This is the Memorial of Roger, or Robert Sherborn, Maſter of the Hoſpital, and from hence preferred to the Biſhoprick of St. David's. He was afterwards Biſhop of Chicheſter, and founded in that Cathedral Church four Prebends, for which thoſe alone are qualified who are, or have been, Fellows of New College in Oxford. The Gateway of the Hoſpital is formed in a ſquare ſtately Tower, on one Side of which is the Statue of the Cardinal praying to another Figure, now deſtroyed. This Tower was probably built by the Cardinal.

About the Year 1370 the Revenues of this ample Foundation were valued at 400l. per Ann. at which Time the yearly Salary of the Maſter was eſtimated at 7l. 4s. 6d. Its ſecond Founder Cardinal Beaufort added to the former Endowment an annual Augmentation of 500l. beſides ſeveral Impropriations.

THE COLLEGE.

[23]

THE College of St. Mary of Wincheſter, commonly called Wincheſter College, is ſituated to the South Eaſt of the Cathedral, juſt without the City Wall. The Front is extended to the Length of 249 Feet, and conſiſts of Offices on the Weſt Side of the Gateway, and of a Part of the Warden's Lodgings on the Eaſt. Under the Gateway, the Tower of which is adorned with a Statue of the Virgin Mary, we enter the firſt Court. On the left are the Warden's Lodgings, which are commodious and ample. That Part of them which fronts the Garden was erected at the Expence of Warden Nicholas [...]. the Year 1692. That Part which faces the Street, was raiſed in the Wardenſhip of Dr. John Harmar, as appears by the Initials, J.H. and the Date 1597. The North Front of the ſecond Quadrangle loſes much of its intended Effect by Means of another Part of theſe Lodgings, built A.D. 1613. which runs at right Angles againſt it on the left.

[24] We enter the ſecond Quadrangle under a ſtately Tower, called the Middle Gate, adorned with the Statues of the Founder, the Virgin Mary, and an Angel. This Court is 96 Feet over. The lower Rooms, on either Side of the Gateway, and of the whole Eaſtern Side of this Court, are the Lodging Rooms of the Scholars; over which are the Apartments of the Fellows. The Stair Caſe adjoining to the North Weſt Angle, leads to the Apartments of the Schoolmaſter, which are ſpacious, and elegantly furniſhed. On the Weſt is the Kitchen, and a convenient Conduit.

The whole South Side is magnificently formed by the Chapel and Hall. The latter is a noble Gothic Room 63 Feet in Length, and 33 in Breadth; in which the Scholars dine at Twelve, and ſup at Six. In the uppermoſt Window, on the North Side, are the Arms of England, and of the Marquis of Wincheſter.

The Chapel is equal to moſt, and ſuperior to many, in our Univerſities; whether we regard its Dimenſions, its Furniture, and the Solemnity which ſtrikes us at our Entrance. It is 102 Feet long, and 33 broad. The Screen, Stalls, and Altar-piece, which is of the Ionic Order, were executed in the Wardenſhip of Dr. Nicholas abovementioned. The Altar is adorned with a beautiful Salutation Piece, painted by Le Moine, [25] and given by the Reverend Dr. Burton, the preſent public-ſpirited, and learned Head Maſter. The Branches are the Gift of the Reverend Mr. Chriſtopher Eyre, formerly Uſher. The Eaſt Window is painted with the Genealogy of Chriſt, and has been celebrated in an elegant Poem written by the Reverend Dr. Lowth, Prebendary of Durham, which is printed in an admired Collection of Engliſh Poems, entitled The UNION§. The reſt of the Windows are decorated with the Pourtraits of Saints, with their Names underwritten: Together with the following Inſcription, which is in many Places at preſent deſtroyed. ‘"Orate pro anima Wilhelmi de Wykeham Fundatoris iſtius Collegii."’ On the North Side ſtands the Organ. The Roof is covered with a Cieling of Wood in Imitation of arched Stone Work, without which, the Height would be too great, as it is at New College Chapel in Oxford, where ſuch a Cieling was, probably, originally intended. At leaſt, the preſent Rafter Work of that noble Chapel is by no Means equal to the Magnificence of the reſt. This Cieling ſeems to have been finiſhed about the Time of that which covers the Preſbytery in the Cathedral, as it is exactly of the ſame Workmanſhip.

[26] In this Chapel, Choir Service is performed at Eight and Five, on Sundays and Holidays, and at Five on their preceding Eves. The Choir conſiſts of three Chaplains, three Clerks, one Organiſt, and ſixteen Choriſters.

In the Ante Chapel is a Receſs to the South, over Part of which ſtands the Tower, containing five Bells. This Addition, which exhibits a more modern Style of Architecture, ſeems to have been erected in the Reign of Henry VI. together with the Tower, by William of Wainfleet, Biſhop of Wincheſter, whoſe Arms are cut in the Roof, together with the following Arms and Rebuſes.

  • Two Cheverons between three Roſes. WYKEHAM.
  • Lions paſſant quartering a Fret.
  • Giron. of 12, in Feſs, a Roſe.
  • Three Sugar Loaves, over it a Doctor's Cap.
  • Arms of the See of Winton.
  • Lions Ramp. in chief four Keys; two and two endorſed.
  • Three Pheons in Baſe, three Bucks Heads caboſſed in chief.
  • Or Feſs, a Mitre in Feſs.
  • Four Lozenges impaling a Feſs between two Cheverons.
  • R.T. for Robert Thurborne, Warden, A.D. 1413. The Device a Roſe compoſed of Rays of the Sun.
  • A large T. charged with Tapers in Saltire, for Thomas Chandler, Warden A.D. 1450.
  • [27] A Beacon with Arrows, and a Tun, for Thomas Beckington, Biſhop of Bath and Wells, a liberal Benefactor to the College, about the Time of the laſt mentioned Warden.

Beſides theſe there are Letters interwoven for Cyphers, which by Length of Time are rendered unintelligible.

One of the Windows belonging to this Receſs has been lately cloſed up, and the other is greatly defaced; but the Paintings and Inſcriptions of both having been fortunately preſerved by Anthony Wood, the Oxford Antiquary, who viſited this College in February 1684, I ſhall inſert them from his original MSS. which has never yet been printed. The curious Obſerver will eaſily ſupply the Defects of the remaining Window, by the Aſſiſtance of the following Deſcription. Arms.

  • Girony of 12, Or and Bl. a Roſe in Feſs, Point G.
  • A Mitre in chief, between three Bucks Heads, caboſſed in chief, and three Pheons in Baſe.
  • Arg. two Chev. S. between three Bucks Heads, caboſſed in chief, and Pheons in Baſe.
  • Arg. two Chev. S. between three Roſes G.
  • Two Chev. Or, between three Roſes Arg.

In one Compartment is the Pourtraiture of a Biſhop in his Habit, ſupported by another Biſhop, and an Archbiſhop, as appears by the Croſs, placing the Mitre on his Head. Under him are [28] two Chaplains praying: This was moſt probably to repreſent the Conſecration of William of Wykeham. Underneath the whole Length of the Window is this Inſcription.

—Hulyn, A.M.—Schola Grammaticali hujus Collegii et pro animabus parentum et amicorum eorundem.

In another Compartment is this Inſcription.

Orate pro anima Magiſtri Willi Densford quondam Socii perpetui hujus Collegii, qui obiit Octavo Die Decemb. Ann. Dni. 1476. Cujus animae, &c.

In another Compartment is the Figure of a Saint. Beneath it is a Man praying, with the following Scroll from his Mouth.

Felix precatrix mihi ſis precor auxiliatrix.

In another Compartment St. Anne is repreſented teaching her Daughter, the bleſſed Virgin. Under theſe is a Woman praying, with the following Label.

O mihi per natum vitam precor Anna beatum.

In another Compartment is a Painting of God the Father, with our Saviour in his Arms. [29] Beneath are two Men praying at a Table; at their Mouths are two Scrolls; in the one,

Per mortem nati qui mundum vivificaſti.

In the other,

Simus ſalvati-petimus quos ipſe creaſti.

At the Bottom is the Name ‘"Agnetis Uxoris ejus,"’ probably for Agnes Champnewys, the Founder's Siſter, and Mother of Alicia Perrot §

Round the Ante Chapel are placed the Stalls originally belonging to the Choir, or Inner Chapel. The Braſs Plates on the Floor were removed hither from the Choir, when it was paved with black and white Marble in the memorable Wardenſhip of Dr. Nicholas, before mentioned.

Many of the Epitaphs on the Braſs Plates are obliterated, and many others have been deſtroyed, or removed. The following Account is taken from Wood's Manuſcript, which has been carefully compared with what now remains.

An Urn of white Marble, ſet upon an Altar Stone raiſed upon three Steps; on the three Sides of it are theſe Inſcriptions.

[30] On the Front.

Humph May hujus Collii ſocii, quia rarum virtutis Exemplar poſterorum intereſt non extingui haec urna. D.

On the other Side.

HM Natus Rawmeriae in Agro Suſſex Cal. Apr. An. Sal. mdcxiii. 1613.

On the other Side.

HM
Denatus Wintoniae in Coll. B. Mariae prid. Cal.
Sep. A. Sal. mdclvii

On a Braſs.

Orate pro aia Mri Willi Exule in Decretis bacalarii, Coll. B Marie Wintonie in Oxonia quonda Socii, et Epi Wintonienſis Capellani, qui obiit An. dni mvcxxi, menſis vero Martii die xvi. Cujus aie.

On a Braſs on the Ground.

Orate pro aia Mri Johis Beckynton quondam Socii iſtius Collegii, qi obiit ix die feb. An. D. mcccclxxiii, cujus aie &c.

On a Braſs on the Ground.

Orate pro aia Johis Barrat in Artibus bacala rii, quonda ſocii hujus Collii, qui obiit xiv di Maii an. mvcxxiii. Cujus aie.

[31] On another Braſs.

Hic jacet Henricus Keſewyk Specialis amicus hujus Collii qui obiit penultim. die Marcii An. Dom. mccccix, cujus aie.

On another.

Orate pro aia Johanne nuper Uxoris Johis Bedell que obiit xiiii die Menſis Feb. An. mcccclxxxxvii, cujus aie, &c.

On another.

Orate pro aia Mri Johannis Wyght quondam Socii hujus Coll. qui obiit po die Menſ. Januar. An. do. mcccclxxxxiiii. Cujus aie &c.

On a Scroll from his Mouth—‘per tua quinque vulnera ſuccurre mihi omni hora.’

On another.

Orate pro aia Dni Thome Lyripin olim Socii iſtius Coll qi ob. xxxdie Mens. Marcii, An. Dom. mcccccix. cujus aie &c.

On another.

Orate pro aia Mri Thome Aſhburn quonda Socii hujus Collii qi Obiit decimo die Januarii An. do. mvcxvi, cujus &c.

[32] On a Braſs in the Weſt Wall, near the S. Side.

Epit. Thom. Baſſet. ſoc. et Vicecuſt. defunct. xxiii Aug. an. mdlv.

Hic Baſſete jaces nullo memorandus in aevo
Si tua in haeredes gratia ſola foret.
Nunc quia me gratis Vicecuſtos eſſe Scholarem
Juſſeris, hoc gratis praeſto tibi officium.
Te (que) legent alii uttua (quanquam ô) facta ſequantur,
Et moniti dicant: optime vive Deo.
C. Johnſon poſuit MDLX.

On a Braſs on the Ground under the Arch.

Epitaphium Johis Leffe in jure Civili Doctoris.
Nominis hic quid habet (Lector) ſi forte requiras,
A folii ductum nomine nomen habet.
Wintoniae ſtuduit ſimul Oxoniae, ut tulit aetas,
Doctorem haec vidit, diſcipulum ille habuit.
Sede in utra (que) fuit verae pietatis Amator,
Sede alia pretium nunc pietatis habet.
Judicium ſi forte Deus ſuſpenderit, ut ſit
Judex propitius, Lector, habeto preces.
Obiit anno aetatis ſuae 66, an dni 1557 Auguſti 19 [...]

On another Braſs on the Ground.

D. O. M. S.

Hic poſitus eſt Nicholaus Love SS. Theol. Doctor, Collegii ad Ventam Wichamici primo [...] [33] informator, poſtea Cuſtos, docuit An. xi, praefuit xvii, ſta ut aedibus hiſce providentia ſua ſtatum optumum, dignitate honorem conciliaret. Eruditionis magnum teſtimonium accepit quod Jacobo Regum doctiſs. a Sacris fuerit. Mira res potuiſſe in unum hominem coire moleſtiam cum faelicitate, gravitatem cum comitate, cum judicio ingenium, prudentiam cum Eloquentia, ita ut omnia Summa Eſſent. Haec qui citra invidiam legis abi faelix et Collegio optuma quaeq. precare, hoc eſt Cuſtodes huic ſimiles.

At tu jam felix et diis conjunctior umbra,
Hunc tumulum, hos titulos, et breve carmen habe.
At pudet: at quae homines virtuti reddimus haec ſunt
Praemia: nil ultra Wickamus ipſe tulit.
Nic. Love haeres patris B. M. maerens poſuit.

On a Braſs on the Ground.

Orate pro aia Mri Johis Wyllynghall quondam Socii iſtius Collii, qi obiit quinto die Mens. Febr. an. dni mccccxxxii. cujus aie, &c.

On another Braſs.

Amice Sacer, hic Sepultus eſt, te (que) (ut ut feras) pulverem ſatagit, pauliſper ſibi immorari, huic ſubſunt marmori, quas Naturae cl. Johes Harris debuit, Exuviae, qui per annos 28 hujus Collii [34] Cuſtos, in difficili Saeculi illius Aeſtuario per varias tempeſtates navim cui praeficiebatur, cum deo rexit et ſoſpitavit, nec tamen Saecula quibus uſus eſt coluit, ſed ſaeculorum deum.

Natus Hardwichiae in Agro Bucks. patre preſb. Eccleſ. rectore, matri Academiae Oxon dulce Decus, procurator ſagax et providus, reverendus in S. Th. Doctor, Graecae linguae profeſſor regius, in Cathedral. Ventae ecclia aliquando praebendarius, Meonſtochiae rector pius et concionator frequens, fide, innocentia, pietate, prudentia ΣΤΟΡΓΗ, liberalitate, virtute deni (que) omni per dei gratiam ΑΡΙΣΤΕΥΩΝ, cui advolavit mens quem pulvis hic et teſta ΑΠΟΚΑΡΑΔΟΚΕΙ. obiit 11 die Auguſti An. Dom. 1658 aetat ſuae lxx.

On another Braſs on the Ground.

Orate pro aia Johis Bedell nuper majoris Civitatis Winton, quondam Scholaris hujus Collii, qi obiit penultimo die menſis Julii an. dni mcccclxxxxviii—Cujus &c.

On another.

This round the Verge of a large Stone.

- - - - - qui vero mala egerunt in reſurrectionem judicii . . Johanes . . quinto repoſita eſt haec ſpes . . . . . . milleſimo quingenteſimo . . . . . . . Cujus aie—At each Corner his Armes viz. a Mullet betw. 3 fountains.

[35] Under the Figure this Inſcription.

Hic tegor, hic poſt fata § Whitus propono jacere,
Scriptor Johanes Carminis ipſe mei.
Sin alibi ſors eſt putreſcere, qui meus eſſet
Tunc patior tumulus fiat ut alterius.
Ne ſine honore tenax ſine nomine linqueret heres
Id timui, exemplis turbor et inde novis.
Ingrati heredes! phas nil ſperare ſepulto
Ore tenus, putei Spes in Amicitia.
Nec mihi fama tamen de marmore quaeritur . . .
Sed ſpes magna piis ponitur in precibus.
Hoc cuſtode avet hic, hoc preceptore avet ille.
Hoc (que) puer puero (dixerit alter) eram.
Parce deus ſocio, cuſtodi parce magiſtro,
Hic avet, ille avet hoc, hoc etiam alter avet.
Septem annos docui, que lux poſtrema docendo
Stata preeſſendi munere prima fuit.
Mutavit mihi non minuit fortuna Labores,
Cura (que) non modicis rebus adaucta mihi.
Nunc ſubeat lector quia ſancta eſt at (que) ſalubris
Res pro defuncto fratre rogare deum.

On the North Side of the outer Chapel an Effigies engraven on Braſs, I ſuppoſe of a Warden, the Inſcription torn off, at his Mouth a Scroll. Thus.

Cum non poſſitis fratres evadere mortem, me . . .

[36] On another near the former under an Effigies.

Hic jacet Magiſter Johes Morys § primus cuſtos iſtius Collii qui obiit die undecim millia Virginum, anno dni milleſimo ccccxiii, et anno regni regis Henrici quinti primo, litera dominical A. Cujus &c.

On a Braſs on the Ground.

Hic jacet Dnus Johes Cleir quondam Socius iſtius Collii qi obiit xi die Menſis Julii anno milleſimo ccccxxi. cujus aie &c.

On another this.

Orate pro aia Dni Nicholai North quondam ſocii iſtius Collii qui obiit xii die Menſis Octob. An. Dni mccccxlv, cujus aie &c.

Againſt the North Wall on a Table of black Marble.

Marmor Henrici Madgwick Pullatum metroſis
Fruſtra Lacrymis plangentes lavamus.
Pretium viri integerrimi, perliterati concionatoris,
Seduli, utilis, carendo didicimus.
Triplex de corpore quieto certamen Collegii, Gregis,
Allingtonii, Nativi Dumer Initur.
[37] Solus Sapiens deus Arbiter aequiſſimus
Corpus ab omnibus humo Condens, ſibi Animam
Vindicavit.
Ille tandem ſibi Creditum theſaurum,
Omnibus aeque participandum perpetuo
refundet.
Cum ab omni oculo
Omnis Lacryma
Abſtergetur.
Vixit ab Anno Salutis mdxc Sep. 21.
ad Annum mdcxxiii Sept. 28

On another Marble Table near it.

M S.

Manta Viator nec parum ut ſcias refert, quis propter hic ſepultus eſt Gulielmus Wither natus in parochia de Dummer Comitatus Hantoniae auſtralis, cui parochus poſtea invigilavit annos ultra xxx, ubi conſilio, Charitate, doctrina, exeplo ſingulis profuit. Denatus in hoc juxta Wintoniam Coll. ubi puer humanioribus literis Educatus donec in Coll. Nov. Oxon promotus tandemque in Collegii hujus ſocietatem aſcitus Evangelium praedicando, pueros Catechizando, Burſarii, caetera (que) Colli Munia obeundo, annos itidem abſumpſit ultra xxx. quibus omibus exequendis, prudentiam, probitatem, fidem adhibuit egregiam, opes, ſcientias, virtutem, pietatem, habuit, et (quod vix credas) ſine Fuco, Fraude, [38] Vanitate habuit, Pacis ſemper eximius Cultor, In pace obiit ano aerae Chriſtianae mdclvi aetatis ſuae lxiiii.

Epit § T. Vole olim ſocii.
Ut Volus in Montem dni volat ore volenti,
Chriſto funde preces Chriſtum quicun (que) precaris.
Obiit x die Auguſti an. 1558.

W. Walynford olim ſocii hujus Collii qui . . . cccxxxix, cujus &c.

Hic jacet Magiſter Joh. Bouke, quondam cuſtos Collii B. Mariae Wynton in Oxon tertius, qi obiit ſecundo die menſis Martii an. dom. mccccxlii litera Dominicali G. Et anno regni regis Henrici Sexti xx, cujus &c.

Thomae Stempe Cuſtodis in hoc Collegio undecimi, LL Dris et ſacre theologiae muſiceſ (que) Laude Clariſſimi, Epitaphium.

Qui jacet hic Cuſtos viginti quatuor annos
Praefuit, et qui ſit ſi legis iſta, ſcies.
Voce manu (que) modo didicit formare canoros.
Addidit huic Linguas Rhetoricam (que) puer.
[39] Grandior ad leges civiles ibat, in illis
Doctor, et huic judex non ſine laude fuit.
Preſbyter in Sacris Scripturis plurimus haeſit,
Quas populo acceptas plauſibil Eſq debit.
Quid memorem vitâ quam ſe conſtanter in omni
Praeſtitit, et fluxas quam prope ſprevit opes.
Obiit nono die Feb. 1581.
Cuſtos § Robertus Thurbern cognomine dictus,
En morior certus cui non parcit necis ictus,
Spes mea vera quies, bone Jeſu ſuſcipe gratum
Quem tricena dies rapit Octobris vere ſtratum
Anno milleno domini C quater ſociato
Et quinquageno morior, bone Chriſte juvato,
Deprecor oratis pro me cuſtode ſecundo,
Diſcas lege pari cuſtos non credere mundo.

On four round Pieces of Braſs at the Corners of ſome old Monuments.

On one, St. Michael.

Satrapa Caelorum Michael Cuſtos paradiſi
Sortem juſtorum Cuſtodi da Michaeli.

Round another with the Picture of St. John,

More volans Aquilae ſcrutanſ (que) abſcondita verbi
Coeleſtis patriae requiem confer Michaeli.

[40] On a third, whereon are Arrows,

Cui Sebaſte dedit nomen confoſſe Sagittis
Praeſta perpetue Michaeli gaudia lucis.

On the fourth, one praying to the V. Mary.

Virgo facta parens dum conſentis Gabrieli
Servo Sancta tuo Natum placa Michaeli.

Orate pro anima dni Johis Fraunces quondam Socii iſtius Collii, qui obiit xxii die Menſis Maii An. dom. mccccxlv. Cujus &c.

Againſt the Walls on elegant Marbles.

H. S. E.
Johannes Cobb L.L.D.
Dni Thomae Cobb in argo Oxon.
Baronetti Filius,
Utriuſque Wiccamicorum Collegii
Succeſſive Cuſtos.
Qui generoſam unde ortus eſt, proſapiam
Moribus honeſtavit ornatiſſimis,
Illuſtriſſima, ubi educatus eſt, Collegia
Studiis ornavit honeſtiſſimis.
Fuit enim
Magni animi, et preclari, benefici, nihil non
Honorificum meditantis, nihil non audentis.
In negotiis ordinandis nec defuit ei Prudentia,
Nec in exequendis Induſtria.
In cuſtodis munere obeundo
Nec Diſciplinam paſſus eſt langueſcere,
Nec imminutum in Autoritatem. [41] Cui muneri per ac duod. ita totus incubuit, ut nihil
Wiccamicis deſiderandum relinqueret,
Praeter vitam ipſius longius producendam.

Ob. Nov. 25. Anno Dom: 1724 Aetat: 48.

Sarah, Vidua illius ſuperſtes,
Dmni Hugonis Stukely in Com.
Southton Barti.
Filia,
Monumentum hoc Optimo Marito.
H. S. E.
Thomas Cheyney Eccleſiae Wellenſis Canonicus.
Collegii hujuſce Informator.
Vir
In omni ſcientiarum genere,
In humanioribus etiam literis, et liguarum elegantiis
Optime exercitatus.
Quanto et quam felici labore
Theologorum ſtudiis incubuit
Et concionando, et vivendo palam fecit.
In animo effuſa Benevolentia,
In vultu placens Benignitas,
In verbis intemerata Fides.
Tranquillus, patiens, clemens, pudicus,
Et quas propulſare potuit injurias
Amabili candore obliviſci maluit.
Et ſanctiſſimis et facillimis moribus excelluit,
Nec voluptate trahebatur adoleſcens,
Nec Severitate induruit Senex,
In hoc unice intentus
Ut quod Deo, Sibi, quod amicis debuit [42] Id pro virili et graviter expedire poſſet.
Tali virtutum choro inſtructus
Sibi ſoli interea minime placuit,
Eâ quippe modeſtiâ
Ut quos abunde meruit Honores
Nullis rogandi aut ambiendi artibus
Solicitare potuit:
Sed quo minores ab hominibus affectare voluit,
Eo ſolenniores a Deo aliquando habiturus eſt.

Obiit 4to. die Octobris, anno Dni 1724 Aetat: 72

Thomas Cheyney
Filius unicus ſuperſtes
Patri optimo et defideratiſſimo
Poſuit.
M: S:
Thomae Braithwaite LLD
Qui Celeberrimo Collegiorum Pari,
Quae Wiccamus magnifice fundavit,
Digniſſime praefuit;
Utriuſ (que) loci Ornamentum et Deliciae.
Fuit enim
Multiplici et curiosâ Eruditione Inſtructiſſimus,
Singulari mentis dulcedine inter primos Conſpicuus,
Conſtanti vitae integritate nemini Secundus,
In privatis de Seipſo Sumtibus bene parcus,
In Amicis et hoſpitibus Excipiendis tantum non prodigus,
Quam benignâ et comi fuerit Indole,
Quam vivido et feſtivo Ingenio,
Quam antiquis et incorruptis moribus
Teſtantur Wiccamici, Teſtantur Academici, [43] Teſtantur quibuſcunque innotuit, Boni omnes et Cordati:
Fuit vir Egregius
Fidei Primaevae et Orthodoxae tenaciſſimus,
Eccliae Anglicanae firmiter et ſummopere devotus,
Peromnem Vitae Curſum Simplex Caelebs et ſemper Idem,
Obiit 23: die Julij Anno Dni: 1720. Aetat: 60.
Franciſca Dobſon Soror, et ex teſtamento
Haeres, Chariſſimo Fratri P.

Before the Chapel Door is the following Inſcription.

Orate pro anima Magiſtri Willhelmi Nyghtyngale quondam ſocii hujus Collegii qui ob. xxiv. Die Menſis Junii Ann. Dom. 1467.

From hence, turning on the Left, we paſs into the Cloiſters, near the Entrance of which we perceive, in the Eaſtern Wall, a Door Way, now cloſed up, by which the Society formerly paſſed from the Chapel, through a correſponding one in the oppoſite Wall, for celebrating the Proceſſion called the Circum, in which they every Morning circuited the College.

The Cloiſters conſtitute a Square of 132 Feet. In the Centre of the Area ſtands an elegant Gothic Edifice erected in the Reign of [44] Henry VI. by § John Fromond, and intended by him for a Chapel: He likewiſe appointed a Chaplain to officiate in it; for whom he alſo added ſpacious Lodgings to the Weſt End of the North Side of the firſt Court. This Chaplain was removed at the Reformation. The ſame Benefactor alſo ordained Liveries or Gowns, annually, for the Choriſters; and his Wife Maud gave two Cups to the College, on one of which was the following Inſcription:

He ſhall have Cryſtes bleſſing to his dele
Whoſo of me drinketh wele*.

This Chapel was converted into a Library, Ann. Dom. 1629, by Robert Pink, Warden.

  • Feſs fleury, between five Martlets.
  • Saltier between three de lis.
  • Quart. France & Eng. Label.
  • Quart. fr. & Eng. a bordure.
  • Quart. fr. & Eng.
  • Quart. fra. & Eng. gobony; over it a Cardinal's Hat.
  • Two Chev. between three Roſes. WYKEHAM.
  • Croſs fleury.

The following Paintings in the Windows, de [...]ribed by Wood, in the MS. abovementioned, are now entirely deſtroyed.

In one Window the Picture of a Biſhop writing in a Book; under him . . . . . . . S. Epus. . . . .

In another Window, a Biſhop writing as before, ‘"with Robertus Lincolnienſis."’

In another Window two Doctors writing; under them . . . . . . . Doctor . . . . . . . Under the whole, Matilda quondam Uxor Johannis Fromond legavit Collegio Winton Cyphum * harneſiatum cum argento deauratum vocatum. . . .

[46] In the Cloiſters, ſurrounding this Library, are the following Epitaphs.

In the Weſt Cloyſter.

On a Braſs on the Ground.

Orate pro aia Willi Laus quondam Socii iſtius Collii, qui obiit die jovis in Vigilia Sti Georgii An dni mccccxvii, Cujus aie, &c.

On a blue Stone engraven.

Hic jacet Johes Marſhall iſtius Collii Socius qui aiam Deo efflavit 25 Aug. An Dni 1670. Aet. ſuae 47.

On a Braſs in the Wall.

Epi. mi Jo. Dol. Socii defunct.
3 Aprilis 1560.
Clauſtri pro foribus Dolberum cerne Sepultum
Umbrarum aſſeſſor janitor ille loci eſt.
Non Malus; ille [...]uit qi verba noviſſima dixit
O bone Chriſte precor te miſerere Mei.
Sanctorum Aſſeſſor vel coeli janitor ut ſit
Funde pias Chriſto lector amice preces.

On a Braſs in the Wall.

Edmunde Hodſon Clerk and Fellow of this Colleg died the vii of Auguſt 1580.

Who ſo thow art, with loving harte,
Stonde, read and think on me,
For as I was, ſo now thou art,
And as I am ſo ſhalt thou be.

[47] On another Braſs in the Wall.

Epit. Will. Adkins in Artibus Magiſtri et ſocii [...]ſtius Collegii.

Nolle tuum nihil eſt ad Magni velle tonantis,
Jnvituſque licet nunc Gulielme jaces.
Ingenio tam laetus eras quam Corpore obeſus,
Commodus, et multa, non ſine teſte, fide.
Nunc te Chriſtus habet, habeaſque o xte precamur
Nec tibi qui Moritur deſinat eſſe tuus.
Obiit xviii die Deceb Ao mdlxiiii. Cujus aie &c.

On a Braſs in the Ground.

Hic jacet R. Dene Mag. in Art, et quondam informator Scholarium hujus Coll. qui ob. 28 D. Maii, A.D. mcccclxxxiiii. Cujus, &c.

On another.

Orate pro aia mri Thome Beche juris Canonici bacalaurei quondam hujus Collii Socii, qui obiit mvxxxi. die vero Menſis Julii vii, Cujus aie &c.

On a blue Stone is engraven this.

Thomas Colnet LLB. bujus Coll. Socius Obiit
2 die Aprilis Anno Salutis 1679 Aetatis 79.

On a Braſs in the Wall.

Thomas Emes hujus Collegii Capellanus poſt Annos tres et triginta Sacris hic impenſos obiit 24 die Sept. An dni 1629 Aetatis ſuae Climacterico.

[48] Innocuus multos Emuaeus vixerat Annos
Jamque Senex moriens hac requieſcit humo.
Nec dives nec inops qui paucos inter Amicos
Quaeſitaſque bona fruge reliquit Opes.

In the Wall.

Epitaph Joh. Boles Art. Mag. Olim hujus
Coll. Socii Obiit 7 Sept. 1910.
Wicchamicae cui cura domûs, cui cura peculi,
Cui fuit in ſtudiis irrequieta quies,
Cui corpus ſanum, cui meus validiſſima, velox
Ingenium, Et multus ſed ſine felle Lepos,
A Cura et Studiis nolens requieſcere vivus,
Mortuus hoc tumulo quo requieſcat habet.

On a Braſs on the Side.

Orate pro aia Mri Edw. Tacham quonda Soc [...] hujus Collegii, qui obiit xvii die Marcii Anno D [...] mccccxxiii, Cujus aie &c.*

On another Braſs.

Orate pro aia Mri Willi Ball quondam Socii hujus Collegii qui obiit iiii die Maii An Dni mcccclxxi. Cujus aie &c.

Engraven on the Pavement.

Gulielmus Emes hujus Collii Organiſta, Obiit 7 Aprilis an dni 1637.

[49] On a Braſs in the Wall.

Tho Daviſon Obiit 20 Julii 1586.
Hic nunc deinque Daviſone putres,
Triginta Socius perennis Annos,
Vivens ipſe tibi nimis ſeverus,
Expirans Aliis ſatis profuſus.

On a Braſs on the Ground.

Pray for the Soul of Edward . . . . . . . . .
New College of Wyncheſter . . . . . . . . . .
of Septemb. the yeare of our Lord . . . . . . . . .

On a Braſs on the Wall.

Epitaphium Thomae Geffres ſacrae Theologiae Baccalaur. olim hujus Collii Socii qui obiit 21 Aug. 1605.

Quem Chamus puerum, juvenem aula, virum (que) recepit
Venta Senem, quem Mors hunc rapit iſte locus.
Talis erat qualis cui quaeque fuere minuta,
Pectoris Exceptis ingeniique honis.
Muſaeo vixit, muſaeo mortem pereptus
Conveniens vitae mors fuit illa ſuae.

On a Braſs on the Side.

Orate pro aia Dni Willi Clyſſe primi Capellani iſtius Capelle, qui obiit xxiiii die Menſis Marcii an. Dni mccccxxxiii. Cujus aie, &c.

"Iſtius Capellae" means the Chapel in the Middle of the Cloyſters, now the Library.

[50] On a Stone on the Ground.

H. S. E.

Antonius Rous A.M. hujus Collii et ſocius et Luctus ppetuus, qui prudens facilis ingenuus omnibus, Amicis fidelis, Omnibus dignus, Nullius, Nifi minus vivendo, Spem fefellit.

Obiit an. Sal. mdclxxxi.
Aetatis xxxvi.

On a Braſs in the Wall.

Epitaphium Thomae Jones in legibus Baccalaurei quondam hujus Colli Socii.

Hic jaceo juvenis primum Civilia jura
Qui didici, qui idem ſacra ſequntus eram.
Qui vitam Morbis variis gravibuſ (que) peregi
Tandem per te (Mors) hoc requieſco loco.
Jura mihi multum, plus pagina ſacra placebat,
Nam (que) fuit morbis haec medicina meis.
Dum Vixit hoc Saepe in ore habuit, ſatis
diu mihi vixi, ſi deo ſatis. Obiit 26 die
Sept. An. Dni 1585.

On a Marble againſt the Wall.

Depoſit. Joſephi Cox LL Baccalaurei, hujus Collii Socii, Optime meriti, quem media Aetate floridum importuna febris Amicis maerentibus abripuit. Obiit 18 die Octobris An. Dni 1680.

Over all theſe Arms, viz. a Chev. betw. three Stags attired.

[51] On a Braſs on the Ground.

Orate pro aia Thome Ryve quondam iſtius Collii Scholaris qui obiit ix die Octob. an Dni mcccccxxiii. Cujus aie, &c.

In the South Cloiſter.

Againſt the Wall is this on a black Marble in Golden Letters.

H. S. E.

Joan. Chalkhill A M. hujus Collii Annos 46 Socius, vir quoad vixit ſolitudine et ſilentio, temperantia et Caſtitate orationibus et Eleemoſynis, Contemplatione et Sanctimonia Aſcetis vel primitivis par: qui cum a parvulo in regnum coelorum viam ſeciſſet Octogenarius tandem rapuit 20 die Maii 1679.

On a Stone on the Ground.

Hic jacet Corpus Xtophori Badger filii Ricci Badger Londin. hujus Collii olim Scholaris, qi obiit 26 mar. an dni 1635.

On a Braſs.

Hic jacet Mauritius Morrys quondam clericus Capellae hujus Collii, qui obiit xxiii Jun. an. dni mcccccxxiii. cujus aie &c.

On another.

Orate pro aia dni Richardi Cole qunodam Conductitii [52] hujus Collii, qui Obiit xxiii. die Deceb. an. dni mvcxix, cujus aie &c.

Engraven on a Stone on the Ground.

Mariott Stopes hujus Collii alumnus filius Jacobi Stopes S. T. B. Vicarii de Haddenham in Com. Bucks, qi Obiit et Abiit ad dnum die dominico Maii 4 An. dom 1673.

On a Braſs on the Ground.

Orate pro aia Dni Johis Hopkyns quondam Conductitii hujus Collii, qi Obiit xvi die Menſis Auguſti an. dni mvcxiv. Cujus Aie, &c.

On another.

Hic jacet Dnus Johes Curtoys quondam ſocius hujus Collii qi Obiit penultimo die Januarii An. Dni. m. Quingenteſſimo Nono, cujus aie &c.

On another.

Orate pro aia Johis Fylde, qi Obiit xxiiii die Menſis Febr. An. Dom. Mill. cccccvii, cujus aie &c.

Engraven on a Stone.

Orate pro aia Henrici Hendyg quondam Socii hujus Collii, cujus aie &c.

[He died 2 Jan. 11 Hen. 6.] MS. W. N.

[53] On a Stone on the Ground.

H. S. E. Joſhua Cooke A.M. hujus Collii Capellani qui obiit 8 die Febr. an. Sal. 1678 aet. 44.

On a Stone engraven.

Hic ſub marmore ſepultus eſt Thomas Welſted quem calculi icti mors proſtravit. in hac ſchola primus erat, nec ut ſperamus in Caelo Ultimus eſt, quod pro Oxonio adiit xiii die Januarii An. Dni 1676 aet. ſuae 18.

On a black oval Wall againſt the Wall.

Siſte viator.

Qui Lethi Calcas viam quiſquis es ex ſpartanorum Choro hic Choragus eſt tuus Stephanus Cooke L L. Baccalaureus et hujus Collii Socius, qui tantum aetatis vixit juvenis moriendo, quantum alii non degunt ſenes, obiit Novemb. 12,

Anno Sal. mdclxvi Aetat. xxxiv.

Inſequere nunc ad patriam et morere viator.

On another like the former.

H. S. E. Jonathan Cooke LLB et hujus Collii ſocius frater Stephani Cook juxta Sepult, quorum uter (que) circa unius luſtri ſpatium hoc in Coll. ſocii tranſegerunt, felices in hoc ambo quod in tam brevi [54] vitae loci (que) ambitu tantum amoris laudis et honoris apud omnes paſſim fibi conciliarint. Obiit Octob. 5 an. ſal. mdclxxiv. aetatis ſuae. 32.

On a Stone on the Ground.

Depoſitum Henrici Banks LL Bac. hujus Coll. ſocii in quo ad hominem abſolvendum omnibus Elogiis dignum nihil deſiderari potuit praeter vitam diuturniorem, quam tamen pro ſempiterna feliciter comutavit, Octob. 11. an 1672, aetat. ſuae 32.

Over all his Arms in a Croſs ingr. betw. 4 de lis.

On a white Marble Mon. againſt the Wall.

H. S. E. Audoenus Philips AM. hujus Coll. Hoſtiarius, de Clever. pepp. in Comitat. Wilts Oriundus, qui cum et pietatem et doctrinam quibus ipſe excelluit apud wiccamicos ſex et quod excurrit luſtra uberrime transfudiſſet, rem (que) publicam et eccleſiam numerofiſſima prole literaria locupletaſſet, ingens in Omnibus bonis deſiderium ſui x die Maii an dni 1654 aet. 54 ſuae moriens reliquit.

Over all his Arms Arg. a Lion ramp. ſab. chained, Or.

In the Eaſt Cloiſter*.

On a Braſs againſt the Wall.

Gulielmus Turner hujus Coll. Clericus obiit 14 die Martii an dni 1644.

[55] Olim Cantica, muſicae peritus,
Dulci voce dediſti, et arte multa;
At nunc (longe anima polis fruente)
Edis dulcius haec peritiuſque.

On a Braſs on the Ground.

Orate pro aia Mri Johis Dere Artium Mri quondam ſocii iſtius Collii, qui obiit ſecundo die Menſis Maii an dni mvcxxxii, cujus aie &c.

On three Braſſes on the Ground near and like one another.

Orate pro aia Dni Ricardi Skynnir olim ſocii iſtius Collii qui obiit penultimo die Menſis Julii an dni mvcxiiii. cujus aie &c.

Orate pro aia Dni Johis Grewaker olim ſocii iſtius Coll. qui ob. penultimo die Menſis Julii an dni mvcxiiii. cujus aie &c..

Orate pro aia dni Johis Gilbert olim ſocii iſtius Coll. qui obiit xvi Menſis Julii an dni mvcxiiii. cujus &c.

On a Braſs on the Wall.

Epita. Mri Ro. Watton ſocii hujus Coll. defunct 13 Jan. 1596.

Poſtquam tranſegi centum vel circiter annos
Longa mihi ſed non curva ſenecta fuit.
Languor inexhauſtos quaſſans paralyticus artus
Hinc animam Caelo, tradidit oſſa ſolo.

[56] On a Braſs on the Ground.

Orate pro aia Dni Johis Taknell quondam ſocii perpetui hujus Collii, qui obiit viceſimo viii die Januarii an. dni mcccclxxxxiiii. Cujus &c.

On a Braſs on the Wall.

Epitaphium Mri Thomae Lark nup. ſocii iſtius Coll. ob. 16. Maii 1582.

Qui premor hoc tumulo dicor praenomine Thomas,
Cognomen ſecit dulcis alauda mihi.
Bis ſeptem Menſes, ter ſeptem preſbyter annos,
Hic colui, cujus nunc ſruor, ore deum.

In the North Cloiſters.

Againſt the Wall at the End, this on a Braſs Plate.

A fronte hujus monum. fitum eſt Corpus Philippi Devereux preſbyteri nup. iſtius Coll. Capellani Conductitii, viri tum in Coll. quam in pauperes vere benefici at (que) pii. Obiit ix die Menſis Febr. An. 1578.

Engraven on a Stone on the Ground.

Robertus Beely hujus Collii ſocius, obiit 21 Dec. An. Dom. 1634. aet. 69.

[57] On a Braſs on the Wall.

Epita. Georgii Flower in Artibus Magiſtri.
Ecce Georgius hoc Florus ſub Marmore dormit,
Floruerat, ſed flos ille caducus erat,
Bis ſeptem ſocius vix hic tranſegerat annos
Mors pede cum pulſat Florus ut hinc abeat.
Obiit 18. Nov. an. 1578.

On another Braſs in the Wall.

Poſitum ob memoriam Jo. Scotte preſbyteri nup. ſocii iſtius Collii, Cujus corpus prope hoc monumentum lapide ſub Marmoreo humatum conditur, obiit vi die Menfis Decemb. an. dom 1575.

On a Braſs on the Ground.

John Gray obiit 6. Octob. 16. . . . . . . . . .

On another Stone engraven

Lancelotus White Art. Mag. hujus Coll. ſocius, obiit Apr. 17. an, dom. 1642. aetat. ſuae 40.

Lector candide ſtetur ad Sepulcrum,
Albus nomine mentis albioris
Orator vigil atq. paſtor, iſta eſt
Artis neſcia vita pulcrioris.
Defunctus jacet hàc repoſtus urna,
Sanctorum (que) ſimul repoſtus albo.

[58] On a Braſs in the Wall,

Epita. Johes Clerke.
Clauſus Johanes jacet hic ſub Marmore Clerkus,
Qui fuit hic quondam preſbyter et ſocius,
In terra roſeos ſolitus ſtillare liquores,
In Coelo vivis nunc quo (que) gaudet aquis.
Obiit x die Menſis Julii 1571.

On a little oval Marble againſt the Wall,

H. S. E. Georgius King hujus Collii Organiſta, qui obiit x die Menſis Maii an dni 1665 Aetatis ſuae 79.

Arms are. — —

Hic jacet Gulielmus Windham, Gulielmi Windham Equitis Aurati de Orchard Windham in Comitatu Somſet. filius tertius, qui Viceſimo Octavo die Novembris in hoc Collegio occubuit 1678.

On a blue Stone on the Ground,

L.R—Arms are Chev. betw. 3 fl. delis: the Creſt a fl. de lis with a Serpent about it.

On another blue Stone on the Ground,

Hic jacet Thomas Harris hujus Collii nup. Socius,
Obiit 10 die Apr. an. Dom. 1662 Aetatis ſuae 32.

Over all, a Chev. betw. three Hedge-Hogs.

On another blue Stone on the Ground,

Gulielmus Terry hujus Collii Socius obiit 19 Dec. 1657.

[59] Theſe Cloyſters appear not to have been comprehended in the Founder's original Plan; as in the Commiſſion he gives for the Conſecration of his Chapel, he calls the Place where they now ſtand ‘"Locum in cimiterio in dicto Collegio ordinatum*."’ This likewiſe appears from the outſide Buttreſſes which finiſh one Side of the Chapel; to which the Cloiſters are contiguous.

Weſtward of the Cloiſters, on one Side of a ſmall Area, ſtands the School. Over the Entrance is a Statue of the Founder, with the following Inſcription.

M. S.
Gulielmi de Wickham,
Epiſcopi Wintonienſis,
Collegii hujus fundatoris,
Statuam hanc e Metallo conflandam
Atque heic ſumptu ſuo ponendam curavit
Ex conjuge affinis ſua
Caius Gabriel Cibberus,
Statuarius Regius
M DC, LXXXXII.

[60] This Room is finely proportioned, and elegantly finiſhed. The Roof is adorned with beautiful Stucco, of a bold Relief; in which are introduced the Arms of many of the Benefactors. It is ninety Feet long, and thirty-ſix broad. On the Weſt End are inſcribed the following Laws, to be obſerved by the Scholars, &c.

TABULA LEGUM PAEDAGOGICARUM.
In TEMPLO.
Deus colitor. Preces cum devoto animi affectu peraguntor. Oculi non vagantor. Silentium eſto. Nihil profanum legitor.
IN SCHOLA.
Diligentia quiſque utitor. Submiſſe loquitor ſecum. Clare ad Praeceptorem nemini moleſtus eſto. Orthographice ſcribito. Arma Scholaſtica in promptu ſemper habeto.
In AULA.
Qui menſam conſecrat clare pronunciato. Caeteri reſpondento. Recti omnes ſtanto.
RECITATIONES.
Intelligenter & apte diſtinguntor. In menſa quies eſto. In atrio, oppido, ad montes, ſociati [61] omnes incedunto. Modeſtia ac obviis honeſtioribus genua flectuntor. Capita aperiuntor. Vultus, geſtus, inceſſus componuntor.
In CUBICULIS.
Noctu dormitor. Interdiu ſtudetor. Solum cubiculorum verritor. Sternuntor lectuli. Munda omnia ſunto. Per feneſtras nemo in atrium proſpicito. Contra qui faxit piaculum eſto. In omni loco & tempore qui plebeius eſt praefectis obtemperato. Qui praefectus eſt, Legitime imperato. Uterque a mendaciis, oſtentationibus, jurgiis, pugnis, & furtis, abſtineto. Togam, caeteramque veſtem, nec diſſuito nec lacerato. Patrium ſermonem fugito. Latinum exerceto.—Haec, aut his ſimilia, ſiquando deferantur, judicium damus.

On the oppoſite End, with proper Decorations, is inſcribed

Aut diſce, aut diſcede, manet ſors tertia caedi.

The Foundation of this ſuperb and elegant Edifice was laid in September, A.D. 1683, and it was finiſhed June 11, 1687. We have here annexed, from the College Regiſter, a Liſt of the Benefactors who contributed to raiſe this Structure.

[62]

George Morley,Biſhop of Winton, gave 10l. and forty Oaks8000
Francis Turner,Biſhop of Ely, formerly Fellow of New College2000
Thomas Kenn,Bp. of Bath and Wells, formerly Fellow of the College3000
William Pierpoint,Earl of Kingſton, formerly Commoner of the College10000
Charles Pawlet,Earl of Wiltſhire, eldeſt Son to the Marquis of Wincheſter, formerly Commoner of the College50200
Wriotheſley Baptiſt Noel,Viſcount Campden, only Son to the Earl of Gainſborough, formerly Commoner3000
John Nicholas,Knight of the Bath346
Henry Beeſton, L.L.D.Warden of New College5000
Richard Trafles,Fellow of New College, and Charles Trafles his Brother5000
Edwin Sandys,Fellows of New College,500
Thomas Lee,346
Robert Sweſter,230
Thomas Munday,230
William Hughes,200
Thomas Roberts,200
David Wickham,230
Charles Ford,230
George Thomas,460
John Ballard,2100
William Muſgrave,230
Samuel Palmer,346
Robert Woodward,Canc. Ecc. Sarum.2000
[63] Edward Spencer,Steward of New Coll.500
Sir Edward Law,formerly Fellow of New College2000
Edward Maſters,formerly Fellow of New College, Chancel. of Exeter10150
Robert Sharrock,formerly Fellow of New College, Prebendary1000
Dr. Bouchier, L.L.D.Regius Profeſſor of Oxon, formerly Child of this Col.576
William Oldys, L.L.D.formerly Fellow of New College500
Nicholas Stanley, M.D.formerly Fellow of New College500
Stephen Penton,Principal of Hartford Hall, formerly Fellow of New Coll.576
Thomas Harris, Eſqof Colern, formerly Fellow of New College1000
John Herſeat,formerly Fell. of N. C.1000
Richard Glyde,formerly Fell. of N. C.200
Thomas Penruddocke,formerly Child of this College576
Tho. Oxenbridge, Eſqformerly Child of this College500
John Bloodworth,formerly Commoner of this College500
John Franklyn,Maſter of Chancery, formerly Child of this College10150
George Reynel, S.T.P.formerly Child of this College230
Richard Pocock,formerly Child100
[64] Ambroſe Philips, EſqSerjeant at Law, formerly Fellow of New College2000
Henry Wallop,Hujus Coll. Commenſales,10150
John Wallop,576
Thomas Brown,1000
Robert Hyde,1000
Brian Turner,500
Richard Harris,500
William Beech,500
Richard Browne,116
James Batten,576
Roger Jones,Steward of the College, formerly Child10000
Allen Garway 1000
Henry Parker 1000
Matthew Hatton 1000
Charles Cutts 1000
Godſon Penton,of Wincheſter City576
Maria Brideoake,Widow of the Biſhop of Chicheſter2000
Elizabeth Mompeſon,the Warden's Siſter576
Suſan Daniel,the Warden's Siſter500
Jane Harris,the Schoolmaſter's Mother500
Eleonora Rawlinſon 5000
Richard Oſgood,Fellows of this College.2000
William Emmes,1000
Seth Ward,2000
Pharamus Fiennes,2000
Peregrine Thiſtlethwaite,1000
Edward Young, Dean of Sarum,1000
Thomas Cheney,1000
George Beaumont,1000
Thomas Peachman1000
Robert Eyre, 1000
[65] William Harris,Schoolmaſter10000
Johannes Nicholas,Collegii Beatae Mariae Winton, Cuſtos, quibus inſtituta ſua perfecit, dedit1477119
 Summa totius Operis2599189

Cui det Deus Aeternitatem. Amen.

The original School, ſpecified as ſuch by the Founder in his Statutes, was the Room which is now called the Seventh Chamber. He calls it magna illa Domus, ſituated under the Hall.

From the School Area we paſs into the College Meadow; in the Middle of which ſtands an Infirmary, built for the Uſe of the Scholars by Warden Harris in the Reign of Charles I. Part of this Meadow originally belonged to St. Elizabeth's College*, which ſtood in an adjacent Meadow to the Eaſt; in Remembrance of which are the following Inſcriptions on the Eaſtern Wall.

[66] Solum Eccleſiae
In Occiden
Tali: Parte:
Hujus: Muri
Ab: Hoc: An
gulo.

On the Weſtern Wall are theſe Inſcriptions.

In: Occidentali
Parte: hujus
Muri: Solum: Col
legi: extendit
Se
Super: Tene
mentu: Eccle
ſie Cathedra
lis Winton
46 Pedes: in
Longitudine
13: in Latitu
dine

On the Right of theſe we find the Date 1554, being the Year in which that Part of the Wall was built which includes the Additions from the Meadow, in which ſtood the College of St. Elizabeth.

From this Meadow we have a Proſpect of Catharine Hill abovementioned, on the Top of which is a Daniſh Circumvallation. To this Hill the Scholars are permitted to make Excurſions on Holidays.

Ah happy Hills! ah pleaſing Shade!
Ah Fields belov'd in vain!
Where once my careleſs Childhood ſtray'd,
A Stranger yet to Pain!
[67] I feel the Gales that from ye blow,
A momentary Bliſs beſtow,
As waving freſh their gladſome wing;
And redolent of Joy and Youth,
My weary Soul they ſeem to ſooth,
And breathe a ſecond Spring!
GREY.

Contiguous to the College, on the Weſt, is a ſpacious quadrangular Building, in which the young Gentlemen not on the Foundation, who are called Commoners, live in a Collegiate Manner, under the Care of the ſecond Maſter or Uſher; a Situation which muſt be acknowledged to be far more convenient ſor the Purpoſes of Learning, and good Diſcipline, than the uſual Cuſtom of our great Schools, where the Youth are boarded in the Town, and are at a Diſtance from the conſtant and immediate Inſpection of their proper Governors. On one Side of the Area of this Structure is a commodious Cloyſter. There is alſo a noble Hall, 50 Feet in Length, and 30 in Breadth, in which the Commoners dine, and, when abſent from the School, purſue their private Studies.

This College was founded by that magnificent Prelate William of Wykeham, Biſhop of Wincheſter, for one Warden, ten Fellows, one Schoolmaſter, one Uſher, three Chaplains, ſeventy Scholars, three Clerks, and ſixteen Choriſters.

[68] The firſt Stone was laid March the 26, 1387, at Nine o'Clock in the Morning, near a School in which Wykeham when a Boy was educated. The Building being compleated on the 28th of March, A.D. 1393, the Warden and Scholars made their ſolemn Entrance, at Nine in the Morning, chaunting in Proceſſion. It ſhould be obſerved, that the Founder, by his firſt Charter, eſtabliſhed only a Warden and ſeventy Scholars, which was the whole Society who took formal Poſſeſſion of the College, as abovementioned; and who, before the Building was finiſhed, were provided with Lodgings in the Pariſh of St. John upon the Hill. The Founder obtained a ſecond Charter for the Eſtabliſhment of the ten Fellows, and Officers of the Choir§.

THE CATHEDRAL.

[69]

SOME Writers report, that a Monaſtery was founded in this City by King Lucius, A.D. 169, which was deſtroyed in the Perſecution of Diocleſian, A.D. 266*. This, it is ſaid, was afterwards reſtored, and underwent various Revolutions; till Kyngeliſe, the firſt Chriſtian King of the Weſt Saxons, began a Cathedral Church, A.D. 611. which was probably finiſhed by his Succeſſor Kenwalch, and repleniſhed with Religious by Birinus, the Biſhop and Apoſtle of the Weſt Saxons, A.D. 646. Soon afterwards, viz. A.D. 660, the See of Dorcheſter, now in Oxfordſhire, was removed hither, and Wina was appointed the firſt Biſhop. But before this new Conſtitution commenced, Birinus and Agilbertus were the two firſt Biſhops of Wincheſter.

[70] The Chapter of this Foundation, who were Seculars, continued about 300 Years, and were at length removed by the Perſuaſion of Biſhop Ethelwold *, in the Reign of King Edgar, about A.D. 963, who ſubſtituted a Convent of Benedictines, which remained till the Reformation.

About the Year 1079 Biſhop Walkelyne began the preſent Edifice, and finiſhed the Tower, the Choir, the Tranſept, and probably the Weſt End§. Accordingly the Monks, in the Preſence of almoſt all the Biſhops and Abbots of England, paſſed with much State and Triumph from the old Monaſtery to the new one, A.D. 1093, on the Feaſt of their Patron St. Swythin; and in a moſt ſolemn Proceſſion tranſlated the Shrine of that Saint to the new Church. The next Day Walkelyne commanded the old Monaſtery to be demoliſhed; which was effected the ſame Year, one Porch and the high Altar excepted. The whole being nobly improved by William of Wykeham, was at lenth finiſhed, as it now appears, by Fox; of whoſe reſpective Benefactions and Alterations I ſhall find a proper Occaſion hereafter to ſpeak more particularly.

[71] Notwithſtanding the poſitive Aſſertions above, concerning Walkelyne's entire Demolition of the old Church, I am perſuaded that the low-built Iles at the Eaſt End of the Choir, exiſted before the Time of Walkelyne, and are a Part of the old Church erected by the Saxon Kings. This appears from ſeveral demonſtrative Proofs: For, they are in a more ſimple and confined Style of Architecture, than any Part of Walkelyne's new Work; and, admitting that Walkelyne demoliſhed great Part of the old Church, it ſeems probable that he ſhould leave that Part of it ſtanding in which many of the Saxon Kings, and Biſhops his Predeceſſors, are confeſſedly buried. Another Evidence of this Hypotheſis are the Crypts on which theſe low Iles ſtand to this day; and which, as appears from a Latin Epiſtle in Verſe of Wolſtan *, Precentor of the Church, to Aelphege, Biſhop of Wincheſter, A.D. 946, were conſtructed by Ethelwold in the Reign of King Edgar. He is ſpeaking of Ethelwold's rebuilding the Church.

Inſuper occultas ſtuduiſtis & addere cryptas.

Theſe Crypts, now remaining, if they do not prove the Antiquity of the Building they ſupport, [72] yet at leaſt they point out the original Situation of the Church; and invalidate thoſe Teſtimonies which aſſert that Walkelyne entirely demoliſhed the old Church, and choſe a new Ground-plot for his new Structure.

There is another Circumſtance mentioned by Rudbourne *, which ſtill further corroborates my Suppoſition. He obſerves that William Rufus was buried in the Choir under a Tower, which fell down a few Years afterwards, and that in the Place of it Walkelyn erected the preſent Tower. He adds, that Walkelyn did not build this Tower in his Life-time, but committed the Care of it to his Executors, who finiſhed it after his Death.

The Writer of the Epiſtle abovementioned, who lived A.D. 946, tells us that Ethelwold introduced a Water-Courſe into the Priory, now corruptly called the Log-Pond.

—Hucque
Dulcia piſcoſae flumina traxit aquae.
Seceſſuſque Laci penetrant ſecreta domorum,
Mundantes totum murmure coenobium.

This Water-Courſe is formed in a large Piece of ſubterraneous arched Stone-work. The antient [73] Courſe of it is thus deſcribed in a Paſſage faithfully tranſlated from Wykeham's Regiſter*, ‘"And becauſe there is a certain Water-courſe, running from within the City of Winton into the aforeſaid Priory of St. Swythun, through the Middle of the Dormitory, Cloiſters, Buttery, Malt-houſe, Kitchen, and the Middle of the Court, or Quadrangle, of the ſaid Priory; which Courſe of Water is called Lourte-borne, in which, and by which, Rubbiſh, Offalls, &c. [are carried through the Priory to Wolveſy Houſe.] It is agreed that the Prior and Convent ſhall place a ſtrong and ſufficient Grate of Iron, in the outward Southern Wall§ of the ſaid Priory, to prevent, &c."’ ‘"From the Chapter-Houſe within the Priory of the Church of Winton, A.D. 1398."’

[74] After this eminent Convent, which conſiſted of a Prior and § forty-two Monks, had flouriſhed in the Splendor of its Ornaments, the Magnificence of its Buildings, and the Extent of its Poſſeſſions, for near 900 Years, it was diſſolved by Henry VIII. Nov. 15, A.D. 1539; who within leſs than five Months afterwards, viz. on March 28, A.D. 1540, inſtituted a new Foundation, conſiſting of one Dean, twelve Prebendaries, ſix Minor Canons, ten Lay Clerks, or Singing Men, eight Choriſters, and other Members, which he dedicated to the holy and undivided Trinity. The Revenues at the Diſſolution were valued at 1507l. 17s. 2d. the greateſt [75] Part, if not all, of which, was * appropriated, by the King, to the new Dean and Chapter. The laſt Prior was William Baſyng, alias Kyngeſmell, who was made the firſt Dean, and died A.D. 1548.

Of the Conventual Buildings, which were transferred with the Revenues, nothing conſiderable at preſent remains. Some, we may reaſonably ſuppoſe, were demoliſhed in the Reign of Henry VIII. or ſoon afterwards, as uſeleſs to the new Foundation; and others have given Way to modern Improvements. The principal Part, now ſtanding, is the Dean's, formerly the Prior's, Hall. It was very loſty with a Roof of Rafter-Work ſtill to be traced, and was 65 Feet long, and 22 broad. But as the whole is ſubdivided into ſeveral Apartments, its Height, Length, and Breadth, are at preſent loſt to the Eye. Five Windows on the Weſt Side of it remain, with its End-Window on the South. The Traces of two Windows, remarkably long and narrow, diſcernible in the Eaſt End of the Prebendal Houſe, now belonging to the Reverend Mr. Letchmere, and of three Arches on the North [76] Side of the ſame, indicate one End of the Reſectory: And the Houſe itſelf, which has ſeveral Apartments with arched Stone-Roofs, ſeems to be made up of the Kitchen, Buttery, Cellars, and other Offices. The Cloiſters formed an Area on the Southern Church-yard, and were built § againſt the South Side of the Church, which on that Account is not furniſhed with Buttreſſes and Pinnacles as is the North Side. The oppoſite Wall retains the Veſtiges of Arches, and of a large Gateway, which probably led from the Cloiſters to the Refectory before mentioned; or perhaps was the public Entrance from the Monaſtery into the Cloiſters, and from thence to the Church. Through an antient Portico on the Eaſtern Square of theſe Cloiſters, near the Deanery, they paſſed into the Chapter-Houſe, which is deſtroyed, and makes a Part of the Dean's Garden. It was extended under the End of the Southern Tranſept to the Length of ninety Feet, againſt which the Heads of Arches, with ſome of their Pillars ſtill appear; and prove from their Style, that it was built with the Tranſept by Walkelyne. Some of the Priors were interred [77] in it; particularly Godfrey, a famous Scholar in his Time, A.D. 1107, towards the Eaſt End. That Side of the Cloiſters which was contiguous to the Church appears to have been terminated, on the Weſt, where the rough End of a Wall forming the Outſide of the Weſtern Square, appears againſt the Church; beyond which, the Cloiſter cea [...]ing, the Remainder of this Side of the Church is finiſhed with a Window lower than the reſt, and of enlarged Dimenſions: Under it is a lofty Gateway, which was an Entrance into the Church on the Outſide of the Cloiſters.

It is conjectured by Camden , that the ruinous Walls of Flint, near the Weſt End of the Church, are Part of a College, the Foundation and Diſſolution of which are equally obſcure, where Conſtans the Monk, Son of Conſtantine, who uſurped the Empire againſt Honorius, A.D. 408, was educated. But it ſeems more probable that theſe are the Remains of the moſt antient Part of the Convent in Queſtion, erected by ſome of the Saxon Kings; that Part, perhaps, which, as Rudborne already quoted, relates, was demoliſhed by Walkelyne. The Height of the Ground hereabouts demonſtrates the Demolition of ſome [78] conſiderable Pile. It appears alſo, that there was a Garden with ſeveral Houſes within the Cemetery, under the Weſt End of the Church, an Encroachment which aroſe after the Reformation, and which by Archbiſhop Laud's Injunctions was ordered to be removed, A.D. 1635. Leland obſerves that there was a Chapel with a Carnary, at the Weſt End of the Cathedral§.

But the conventual Buildings ſeem to have been for the moſt Part deſtroyed by the Preſbyterians in the Civil Wars; who A.D. 1646, demoliſhed more than Half of the Deanery and eight Prebendal Houſes, together with the magnificent Epiſcopal Palace of Wolveſey, and afterwards ſold the Materials. Moſt of the preſent Prebendal Houſes, and Part of the Deanery, were rebuilt after the Reſtoration. The Library, at the South End of the Southern Tranſept, was reduced to it's preſent Form, and repleniſhed with a valuable Collection of Books, A.D. 1686, by Biſhop Morley. But it was evidently a Room belonging to the Convent, as appears by the initial Letters of Prior Silkeſtede's, Name cut in a Moulding of the Eaſt Window, anſwering to the Arms of the See in the oppoſite Moulding. The preſent Chapter-Houſe, being the [79] Weſtern Ile of the South Tranſept, was appropriated to that Purpoſe, A.D. 1621. The antient one abovementioned was totally demoliſhed, as I conjecture, with the adjacent Deanery, though long before decayed and diſuſed.

The principal Repairs of the Devaſtations committed by fanatic Enthuſiaſm and Ignorance, were made about A.D. 1663, ſoon after the Return of the Dean and Chapter; who having been ſuppreſſed and expelled, during Cromwell's Uſurpation, retook Poſſeſſion of the Cathedral, Aug. 19, 1660§.

[80] The Arms of England, painted on the Windows of the Dean's Hall, were put up in Honour of James I. A.D. 1621, who was entertained at the Deanery; during which Time he planted a Fig-Tree in the Dean's Garden, which ſtill remains, with an Inſcription on the Wall behind it. In the ſame Window is another Coat for King Charles I. and his Queen Mary; with the Inſcription C. M. viz. Carolus, Maria, as in the Roof of the Choir of the Church.

In the Windows of the Dean's Library, which is 28 Yards long, built ſoon after the Reſtoration, are ſome ancient Pieces of ſtained Glaſs, which originally belonged to the Prior's, now the Dean's Houſe; viz. three Saints, the Arms of King * Edgar or of Edward the Elder, of the See, and of William Kyngeſmil, the firſt Dean. Among the Fragments is the Name of Thomas Silkeſtede, who was a Prior of the [81] Church, and probably was a Benefactor to the Buildings of the Deanery. At leaſt it appears that he added the Stone-building with round-headed Windows, at the South Entrance of the Deanery, as his Initials T.S. connected with his uſual Device of a Skain of Silk, ſtill remain in the uppermoſt Windows. He died A.D. 1524. The Entrance, or arched Gateway, under this Building, is however evidently much older than the Superſtructure.

The Precincts of the Church, called the Cloſe, are ſurrounded, on the South and Weſt Sides, by a loſty Wall of Flint, originally belonging to the Convent, Part of which alſo remains on the North Eaſt. The Communication between the Epiſcopal Palace, called Wolveſey-Houſe, and the Church*, was through a Gate ſtill remaining, Eaſtward of the Church, on which the Arms and Name of Biſhop Fox appear. On the Gate beyond is inſcribed ‘"Georgius Morley Epus, 1670."’ The Dean's Garden, and thoſe of the Prebendaries, on the South Eaſt Side of the Cloſe, are extremely delightful; being watered by a Branch of the River Itchin, remarkably clear and rapid, diſpoſed in an elegant Taſte, and opened on the Eaſt to a Proſpect of the magnificent and extenſive Ruins of Wolveſey-Houſe, and other ſtriking Objects.

[82] The Ruins juſt mentioned, are the Remains of a noble Palace belonging to the Biſhops of Wincheſter, built A.D. 1138, by Henry De Bloys, Biſhop of Wincheſter, Nephew to Henry I. and Brother to King Stephen . This Palace being demoliſhed by the Preſbyterians, Biſhop Morley erected near it a convenient Houſe for his Succeſſors, over the Gate of which appears his Name, with the Date 1684. But it afterwards received conſiderable Improvements from Biſhop Trelawney. The Chapel ſtill remaining is undoubtedly ancient, and belonged to the old Palace; but is much more modern than De Bloys's Building. The Reſidence of the Saxon Kings is by ſome conjectured to have been on this Spot; and the Name Wolveſey is ſuppoſed to be formed from the Wulphian Kings, and Eye, which ſignifies a Nook of a Meadow. Leland ſays of this Palace, that the Caſtle or Palace of Wolveſey is ‘"well touirrid, and for the moſt Part waterid about§."’ And Camden obſerves, that, in his Time, it was very ſpacious, and ſurrounded with ſeveral Towers*.

After this introductory Detail, I proceed to a diſtinct Deſcription of the Church itſelf.

[83] The Length of this magnificent Fabric, from Eaſt to Weſt, is 545 Feet: Of, theſe, our Lady's Chapel includes 54 Feet, and the Choir 136. The Length from the Iron Door, near the Entrance of the Choir, to the Porch at the Weſt End, is 351 Feet. The Length of the Tranſepts is 186 Feet. The Breadth of the Body, below the Tranſepts, is 87 Feet; and of the Choir 40. The Vaulting in the Inſide is 76 Feet high. The exact Height of the Tower, which is an oblong Square, and contains ten Bells, is 138 Feet and an Half, and its Breadth 50 Feet by 48.

The Proſpect from the Weſt End of the middle Ile, to the Eaſt Window beyond the Choir, muſt ſtrike every Mind which is ſuſceptible of thoſe aweful Feelings that ariſe from the Contemplation of that Greatneſs and Extent which are peculiar to the Proportions of Gothic Architecture. A judicious and entertaining Paſſage from Lowth's Life of Wykeham will here be properly introduced.

‘"This Ile was originally of the Saxon Architecture not greatly differing from the Roman; with round Pillars much ſtronger than Doric or Tuſcan, or ſquare Piers, adorned with ſmall Pillars; round-headed Arches and Windows; and plain [84] Walls on the Outſide without Buttreſſes; as appears by the Croſs-ile and Tower which remain of it to this Day. The Nave of the Church had been for ſome Time in a bad Condition: Biſhop Edyngdon undertook to repair it in the latter Part of his Time, and by his Will ordered his Executors to finiſh what he had begun. And whether in Purſuance of his Deſign and by his Benefaction, or otherwiſe, it appears, that in the Year 1371, ſome Work of this Kind was carrying on at a great Expence. However, Wykeham, upon due Conſideration and Survey, found it either ſo decayed and infirm, or elſe ſo mean in its Appearance, and ſo much below the Dignity of one of the firſt Epiſcopal Sees in the Kingdom, that he determined to take down the whole from the Tower weſtward, and to rebuild it both in a ſtronger and more magnificent Manner. This great Work he undertook in the Year 1394, and entered upon it the Beginning of the next Year, upon the following Conditions ſtipulated between him and the Prior and Convent, who acquit the Biſhop of all Obligation to it, and acknowledge it as proceeding from his mere Liberality, and Zeal for the Honour of God: They agree to find the whole Scaffolding neceſſary for the Work; they give the Biſhop free Leave to dig and to carry away Chalk and Sand from any of their Lands, as he ſhall think [85] moſt convenient and uſeful for the ſame Purpoſe; and they allow the whole Materials of the old Building to be applied to the Uſe of the new. He employed William Winford as Architect: Simon Membury was appointed Surveyor of the Work on the Biſhop's Part, and John Wayte, one of the Monks, Controller on the Part of the Convent. As the Church of Wincheſter is ſituated in low Ground, which, without great Precaution and Expence, affords no very ſure Foundation for ſo weighty a Structure, Wykeham thought it ſafeſt to confine himſelf to the Plan of the former Building, and to make Uſe of a Foundation already tried, and ſubject to no Hazard. He even choſe to apply to his Purpoſe ſome Part of the lower Order of Pillars of the old Church, though his Deſign was in a different Style of Architecture; that which we commonly call Gothic, with pointed Arches and Windows, without Keyſtones, and Pillars conſiſting of an Aſſemblage of many ſmall ones cloſely connected together; but which is more properly Saracen, for ſuch was its Origin: The Cruſades gave us an Idea of this Form of Architecture, which afterwards prevailed throughout Europe. The Pillars or Piers of the old Building, which he made Uſe of, were about ſixteen Feet in Height; of the ſame Form with thoſe in the Eaſt Side of the Northern Croſs-ile: Theſe he carried up higher, [86] according to the new Deſign, altering their Form, but retaining their Strength, and adopting them as a firm Baſis for his own Work. The new Pillars are nearly equal in Bulk to the old ones; and the Intercolumniation remains much the ſame. Theſe Circumſtances, in which Stability and Security were very wiſely in the firſt Place conſulted, have been attended however with ſome Inconvenience, as it ſeems owing to them, that this Building has not that Lightneſs and Freedom, and that Elegance of Proportion, which might have been expected from Wykeham's known Taſte in Architecture, and from the Style and Manner of his other Works in this Kind; of which we have evident Examples in the Chapels of both his Colleges, eſpecially in the Weſtern Part of that of New College in Oxford, which is remarkably beautiful. To the further Diſadvantage of its preſent Appearance, an Alteration which could not then be foreſeen has ſince happened. At that Time the Buildings of the Monaſtery covered the whole South Side of the Church, ſo that it ſeemed needleſs to be at a great Expence upon Ornaments in that Part which was like to be for ever concealed. By the Demolition of the Monaſtery this Side is now laid open, and diſcovers a Defect of Buttreſſes and Pinnacles, with which the North Side, which was then the only one in View, is properly [...]urniſhed. Another [87] Alteration of the ſame Kind has been made in Inſide, and with the like Effect: Immediately before the Entrance of the Choir ſtood the Veſtry, which extending from Side to Side of the Nave, prevented the intire Conformation of thoſe Pillars againſt which it reſted to the new Deſign, but at the ſame Time concealed the Irregularity: In the Time of Charles the Firſt this was pulled down, and the preſent beautiful Skreen, the Work of Inigo Jones, was erected; but no Care was taken, by an eaſy and obvious Alteration, to correct a Deformity, which was then uncovered, and ſtill continues to diſgrace the Building, in a Part which, of all others, is the moſt frequently expoſed to Obſervation. However, with its Defects, which appear thus to be owing partly to an accidental and unforeſeen Change of Circumſtances, partly to the Care of avoiding greater Inconveniencies, there is no Fabric of its Kind in England, after thoſe of York and Lincoln, which excells this Part of the Cathedral Church of Wincheſter, in Greatneſs, Statelineſs, and Majeſty. This great Pile took up about ten Years in erecting, and was but juſt finiſhed when the Biſhop died. He had provided in his Will for the intire Completion of his Deſign by his Executors, in Caſe of his Death; and allotted 2500 Marks for what then remained to be done, beſides 500 Marks for the [88] Glaſs Windows: This was about a Year and Half before it was finiſhed; by which ſome Sort of Eſtimate may be made of the whole Expence."’

From this Ile, by a ſtately Flight of eight Steps, we approach the Choir. The Screen abovementioned is of the Compoſite Order, and adorned on the Right Hand with a Statue of James I. and on the Left of Charles I. They are both of Braſs, and were given, together with the Screen itſelf, by the latter of theſe Monarchs. During the Civil Wars, the Preſſbyterians, among other Outrages, barbarouſly defaced and abuſed both theſe Statues, but particularly that of Charles; at tempting to break off the Crown, and declaring with much malicious Triumph, that they would bring him back to the Parliament §.

The Stalls are of Norway Oak, and are a maſterly Piece of Gothic Spire Work, being at once elegant and majeſtic. They were erected by Prior Silkeſtede, as appears by his Name out on the Pulpit*, with which they are terminated on the North Side. He died A.D. 1524. On [89] the ſame Side ſtands the Organ, which was removed thither by the Command of Charles I. from the old Screen, where it was juſtly ſuppoſed to intercept the View from the Weſt to the Eaſt End. The Stalls on the South Side are bounded by the Biſhop's Throne, erected by Biſhop Trelawney, tranſlated from Exeter, A.D. 1706. The Pediment, which is embelliſhed with a Mitre and the Arms of the See impaling thoſe of his Family, is ſupported by fluted Columns of the Corinthian Order. The Vaulting of the Roof of the Choir was executed in the Reign of Charles I. there being, before this, an Opening from the Choir into the firſt Story or Room of the Tower; on which Account the Side Arches of this firſt Story, being intended to be ſeen from below, are wrought and ornamented. We find the ſame Opening in the Tower of St. Croſs, built about the ſame Time. It was undoubtedly looked upon as a Beauty in the Architecture; and had, in ſome Meaſure, the ſame Effect, as the Louvre, or open Lantern formerly uſed in great Halls. Height of Roof in the Inſide was alſo a favourite Circumſtance in Structure of this Sort, which was produced from this Expedient in a very ſtriking Degree. The Arms and Initials of the King, with thoſe of his Queen Mary, and of John Young, Dean at that Time, are introduced among the Ornaments of the Vaulting, which is of Wood. The two Branches are the [90] Gift of the late Dean, Dr. Cheney; who has left, by Will, 220l. for paving the Choir with Marble.

In the Pannels below the Stalls, under the Organ, and on the oppoſite Side are ſome Memorials of the new Foundation of Henry VIII. viz. the Date 1540, in which the new Eſtabliſhment commenced: The King's Arms with H.R. Henricus Rex: The Arms of the Church, given by the ſaid King§: The Portcullis, and the Arms of William Kyngeſmill, the firſt Dean, with W.K. The Arms of a Biſhop of Wincheſter . Theſe, I ſuppoſe, were put up at the Alteration of the Houſe.

In the Area leading to the high Altar, is a plain raiſed Monument, of a greyiſh Stone, without any Inſcription, under which, William Rufus, who was killed in the neighbouring new Foreſt, A.D. 1000, is buried. This Tomb was opened by the Rebels in the Civil Wars, who ſtole from thence the Remains of a Cloth of Gold, a Ring ſet with Rubies, ſaid to be worth 500l. and a ſmall Silver Chalice.

With this Area the Preſbytery begins, which is ornamented with a Roof highly finiſhed in a different Taſte from that of the Tower, and is [91] ſeparated, on each Side, from the North and South Iles, by a well-executed Partition Wall of open Work. On the Top of either Wall are placed three Shrines, or Cheſts, beautifully carved, painted, and gilded, with a Crown on each, in which are encloſed the Bones of ſeveral of the Weſt Saxon Kings, Biſhops, and ſome later Princes, who had been originally buried behind the Altar or in different Parts of the Church. Theſe Remains were thus no leſs piouſly than carefully collected and depoſited, by Biſhop Fox, A.D. 1525. Their Names, &c. are inſcribed on every Cheſt, which the Reader will find among the Tombs and Monumental Inſcriptions.

The Aſcent to, and Area of, the high Altar, is paved with Marble, by the Benefaction of Dr. William Harris, Prebendary, and School-maſter of Wincheſter College, who dying, A.D. 1700, bequeathed 800 l. for ornamenting the Altar. The Wood Work about the Altar was erected by Biſhop Fox: But the Canopy, with its Feſtoons, and other Ornaments, were added, about the Time when the new Screen of Inigo Jones, at the Choir-Entrance, was built, as I conjecture from C R in the Cornice.

The two Doors or Entrances on each Side ſtill remain, through which the Prieſt approached the Altar from the Sanctum Sanctorum. The [92] Tops of three Niches are likewiſe remaining over the Altar, which probably contained three Images repreſenting the Trinity. A good Piece of Painting would be a noble and proper Improvement of this ſuperb Altarpiece. Behind is a a very lofty Screen, or Partition of Stone, charged with moſt exquiſite Embelliſhments of Gothic Workmanſhip, and infinitely ſuperior, in Point of finiſhing, to another of the ſame Sort in St. Alban's Abbey Church. The Niches, before the Reformation, were filled with Statues; but are at preſent ſupplied with Urns, which by ſome are thought inconſiſtent Decorations. Theſe were the Gift of Dr. William Harris abovementioned.

The Screen, Side Partition-Walls, Roof of the Preſbytery, and of the adjoining Side Iles, with their Walls and Windows, were finiſhed at the Expence, or by the Intereſt, of Biſhop Fox, A.D. 1525, as appears by his Name and Arms carved in many Places. The ſame liberal Benefactor new glazed, with painted Glaſs, as he had new made, the Windows of this Part of the Church; that is, the Choir Windows, and thoſe of the parallel Iles. He likewiſe fronted the Boundary of the Choir, on the Outſide, with two beautiful Pinnacles, and other ornamental Architecture, among which his Statue is placed, cloathed in the Epiſcopal Habit. He probably [93] intended to complete the Remainder of the Eaſt End in the ſame Style.

It is ſaid, and from good Authority, that the Biſhop was aſſiſted in this Work by Prior Silkeſtede §. This Prior, at leaſt, co-operated with Fox in improving the Church by building the Stalls, and a Chapel, about the Time when Fox began theſe Alterations. His Initials T.S. are in the Roof of Fox's Preſbytery. It ſhould ſeem that Cardinal Henry Beaufort left ſome Money for this Purpoſe, as H.B. appears on the Outſide of the South Partition Wall, and over its Entrance. He died not many Years before Fox was advanced to the Biſhoprick.

In the Grand Rebellion, the Altar-Screen, juſt mentioned, was artfully protected from the Violence of the Preſbyterians, by Means of an extemporaneous Wall, or Partition, erected in a parallel Line juſt before it, ſo as entirely to conceal its Beauties from the Obſervation of the ſacrilegious Intruders. Other Parts of the Church did not however eſcape the miſtaken Zeal of theſe Enemies to all that was graceful or majeſtic. On the 16th of December, 1642, the Soldiers of Sir William Waller entered the Church, [94] where they broke in Pieces the carved Work of the Choir, containing the Story of the Old and New Teſtament in admirable Imagery, deſtroyed the Organ, ſeized the rich Tapeſtry, Cuſhions, and Veſtments of the Choir, with the Veſſels of the Altar, threw down the Communion Table, and carrying off the Rails, which encloſed it, burnt them in their Quarters. After this, they defaced many of the Monuments; and pulling down ſome of the Cheſts which contained the Remains of the Saxon Kings, they threw their Bones againſt the painted Glaſs, which they thus deſtroyed throughout the Church. But the beautiful Window over the Altar, exhibiting the Pourtraits of ſeveral Saints and Biſhops of this Church, being more out of their Reach, and leſs expoſed than the reſt, is ſtill preſerved entire, together with a few Figures on the Windows contiguous. The grand Weſt Window ſeems to be made up of the diſperſed Fragments, which, imperfect as it is, has a fine Effect, and leaves the penſive Imagination to ſupply that religious [95] Light which was diffuſed over all the Church, when every Window retained its original Splendor.

The Eaſt End of the Church is terminated by three Chapels. That on the South is adorned with a Monument of Thomas Langton, Biſhop of Wincheſter, who died A.D. 1500. The Rood-Loft conſiſts of elegant Gothic Carving in Wood; and both the Sides are finiſhed in the ſame Taſte. But the Work has been much damaged. Under the Window are ſeveral Niches for Statues. The Biſhop is ſaid to have built this Chapel. The Roof is painted with a Hen on a Tun, being a Rebus on Henton, the Place of his Nativity, and partly on his Name. The Inſcription ‘"Laus tibi Chriſte."’

The Chapel in the Centre, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, was erected by Prior Silkeſtede before mentioned, and is uſed at preſent for early Prayers. His Name is on the Roof; and on the Sides, which are adorned with ancient Painting, are emboſſed the Arms of England, of Silkeſtede, of the See, a Rebus on T. Langton, viz. T.L. with a Tun, as in his Chapel juſt deſcribed, and who was Biſhop in the former Part of Silkeſtede's Priorate, for whom alſo a Tun is introduced on the Cieling. The Inſcriptions, ‘"ad gloriam dei."’ The ſame Emboſſments appear on the Outſide [96] of the Building in the Church-yard. In this Chapel Queen Mary was married to King Philip, and the Chair in which ſhe was ſeated, during the Ceremony, ſtill remains near the Altar. It is a Miſtake that this Prior built the Chapel in the South Ile, called Silkeſtede's Chapel. Probably he might uſe it as a private Oratory, or perhaps might be interred in it. He ſeems to have born ſome Relation to it, for oppoſite to it are the Remains of a Canopy, under which the Preſſes for the Ch [...] Veſtments are placed, which formerly ſeems to have been the Covering of Stalls, and ſtill preſerves in the Cornice the initial Letters of Silkeſtede's Name often repeated. Theſe I ſuppoſe belonged originally to the oppoſite Chapel. It is not unlikely that Silkeſtede altered the Windows on this Side of the Tranſept; for on the Library Window, contiguous to them on the Outſide, is carved T.S. for Thomas Silkeſtede, as I have before obſerved. The elegant Screen of this little Chapel was at leaſt erected by this Prior; for on it is carved in large ornamented Gothic Capitals,

C HD MA S S

On the North Side of the Virgin Mary's Chapel, is a ſmall Chapel perhaps dedicated to [97] S. Michael, as the Pourtraiture of that Angel appears in many Parts of the Roof.

About the Middle of the great Weſtern Ile ſtands an ancient Font. It is a ſquare maſſy Block of jet-coloured Marble, in which a circular Baſon is formed for the Water. It is three Feet three Inches over, and ſupported by a plain Pedeſtal of Stone. The Sides of the Square are embelliſhed with rude Baſs Relievos, which ſeem to repreſent the Miracles of ſome Saint belonging to this Church. If we may judge from the Stile of the Architecture introduced in the Carving on the South Side, this ſingular Monument of Antiquity was the Workmanſhip of the Saxon Times.

In the Northern Tranſept are ſome imperfect Traces of antient Painting, ſuppoſed to repreſent the Combat of Guy Earl of Warwick, with the Daniſh Champion before mentioned§.

By Way of recapitulating what has been ſaid concerning the building this Church, I ſhall obſerve, that it contains three Stiles of Architecture, [98] agreeable to the Taſte of the three different Ages, in the Progreſs of which it grew to the preſent Perfection. The firſt is the Saxon, of which is the Tower, the Tranſept, and the Eaſtern Iles, for the moſt Part built, or begun, by Walkelyne. The ſecond is the Gothic, ſimply ſo called, of which are the Weſtern Iles and Weſt Front, erected by Wykeham. The third is the ornamental or improved Gothic, which began about the Reign of Henry VI. and of which the Preſbytery, Side Iles, and outward Eaſt End of the Choir, by Fox, as well as our Lady's Chapel, by Silkeſtede, are elegant Specimens.

TOMBS AND MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS.

On the South Partition Wall of the Preſbytery, the firſt Cheſt from the Altar has this Inſcription.

Edredus Rex, obiit Anno 955.
Hic pius in tumulo Rex Edredus requieſcit
Qui has Britonum terras rexerat egregie.

On the ſecond is inſcribed:

Edmundus Rex obiit . . . . . .
Quem theca haec retinet Edmundum ſuſcipe Chriſte
Qui vivente Patre Regia ſceptra tulit.

[99] The third Cheſt formerly contained the Bones of Canutus, and of William Rufus, who was interred below. This Cheſt had once this Inſcription.

Hic jacent Oſſa Cnutonis et Willelmi Rufi.

The preſent Inſcription is this.

In hac et altera è regione ciſtà Reliquiae ſunt Oſſium Canuti et Rufi Regum; Emmae Reginae, Winae et Alwini Epiſcoporum.

On the firſt Cheſt on the Outſide of the North Partition Wall.

Rex Kingilſus obiit 641.

On the Choir Side of the Cheſt.

Adulphus Rex obiit 857.

On the Outſide.

Kingulſti in ciſta hac ſimul offa jacent et Adulphi
Alter Fundator hic Benefactor erat.

On the ſecond Cheſt.

Adulphus Rex obiit 754.

[100] On the Outſide of the ſame.

Egbertus obiit 837.
Hic Rex Egbertus pauſat cum Rege Kenulpho
Nobis egregie munera uterque tulit.

The third Cheſt formerly contained the Bones of Biſhop Wina.

Hic jacent oſſa Winac Epiſcopi.

With Biſhop Wina's were encloſed the Bones of Stigand, at firſt Biſhop of Wincheſter; afterwards tranſlated to the See of Canterbury, A.D. 1052: and on the North Side of the Coffin was this Inſcription.

Hic jacet Stigandus Archiepiſcopus.

But at preſent this Inſcription is placed thereon.

In hac ciſtà, A.D. 1661, promiſcuè recondita ſunt Oſſa Principum et Praelatorum ſacrilegà barbarie diſperſa, A.D. 1642.

Under the ſecond Cheſt, on the South Wall, we read the following Inſcription.

Intus eſt Corpus Ricardi, Willielmi Conqueſtoris Filii, et Beorniae Ducis.

[101] Under the ſame Wall, under the ſecond Cheſt, is entombed the Heart of Ethelmarus, Biſhop of Wincheſter, with this Inſcription.

Obiit Anno 1261.
Corpus Ethelmari, cujus cor nunc tenet iſtud
Saxum, Pariſiis morte datur tumulo.

Near the Choir Entrance in the ſame Wall is this Inſcription.

Intus eſt cor Nicolai olim Wintonienſis Epiſcopi cujus corpus eſt apud Waverly.

On the North Side of the Wall formerly ſtood a fourth Cheſt, containing the Bones of the Biſhops Elmſtan and Kynulphus, with this Inſcription.

Pontifices haec capſa duos duos tenet incineratos,
Primus Elmſtanus, huic ſucceſſorque Kynulphus.

The Monument of Biſhop Alfimus was on the ſame Wall, Eaſtward from Biſhop Elmſton's, with this Inſcription.

Alfymus plumbo praeſul requieſcit in iſto.

Under Kingulſtus's Cheſt, in the ſame Wall, is this Inſcription.

[102]
Qui jacet hic Regni Sceptrum tulit Hardicanutus
Emmae Cnutonis gnatus et ipſe fuit.
Obiit A.D. IIIIo.

In the ſame Wall.

Alwinus Obiit 1047.
Hic jacet Alwini corpus, qui munera nobis
Contuli [...] Egregia, parcito Chriſte pio.

In the ſame Wall, within the Choir, is this Inſcription for Queen Emma.

Hic Emmam ciſta Reginam continet iſta,
Duxit Etheldredus Rex hanc, et poſtea Cnutus;
Edwardum parit haec, ac Hardicanutum
Quatuor hos Reges haec vidit Sceptra tenentes;
Anglorum Regum fuit haec ſic Mater et Uxor.

Under the Monument of Biſhop Alfimus, we read this Inſcription.

Defuncti Corpus tumulus tenet iſte Johannis
Pointes, Wintoniae praeſulis eximii.
Obiit Anno 1304.

In the Wall on the ſame Side, under the Cheſt of Wina, is the Monument of Biſhop Toclive, with this Inſcription.

Praefulis egregii pauſant his membra Ricardi
Toclive, cui ſummi gaudia ſunto poli.
Obiit Anno 1189.

[103] At the Eaſt End of the Southern Partition lies the Body of Richard Fox, Biſhop of Wincheſter, the pious Founder of Corpus Chriſti College in Oxford, under a Shrine, which is a moſt finiſhed Specimen of the improved ornamental Gothic. Adjoining to the Shrine is a ſmall private Oratory, built with the reſt, which he uſually frequented for his Devotion, and which is ſtill called Biſhop Fox's Study. He died A.D. 1528.

At the Eaſt End of the Northern Partition Wall is interred Stephen Gardiner, Biſhop of this See, under a Shrine of plain Architecture. He died A.D. 1555. The recumbent Figure of the Biſhop was much injured in the Civil Wars.

Behind the Sanctum Sanctorum is a traverſe Wall, at the Bottom of which we diſcern the Entrance into the Vault, where the Saxon Kings already mentioned were firſt buried. Over it is this Inſcription.

Sancta Maria et Dominus Jeſus.

Over the Entrance from End to End are theſe Names.

Kyngulſtus Rex. Kinewaldus Rex. Adulphus Rex. Edwardus Rex Senior. S. Birinus Epiſcopus. Egbertus Rex. Aluredus Rex filius ejus. Athelſtanus Rex filius ejus.

[104] Edredus Rex. Edgar Rex. Emma Regina. Alwinus Epiſcopus. Etheldredus Rex. S. Edwardus Rex filius ejus. Canutus Rex. Hardi-Canutus filius ejus.

Over each Name is a well ornamented Niche and Pedeſtal. Under the whole is this Inſcription.

Corpora Sanctorum ſunt hic in pace ſepulta
Ex meritis quorum fulgent miracula multa.

The Niches abovementioned ſeem to have made, or ornamented, by Fox. The Arms above are of Charles I.

In the Area, on the Eaſt Side of this Wall, is a ſumptuous and ſtately Monument, to the Memory of Henry Beaufort, Cardinal of St. Euſebius, and Biſhop of Wincheſter. His Effigies is repreſented in the Cardinal's Habit. The Inſcription is now totally loſt, this being all, according to Godwyn, that remained legible near two hundred Years ago.

Tribularer ſi neſcirem miſericordias tuas.

He was a liberal Benefactor to the Hoſpital of St. Croſs, near this City, as I have before obſerved, and died A.D. 1447.

Oppoſite to it, and deſigned in evident Imitation of it, is the magnificent Shrine and Monument of William Wainfleet, Biſhop of Wincheſter, [105] the munificent Founder of Magdalen College in Oxford. He is repreſented on the Tomb in his Epiſcopal Habit, graſping his Heart between his Hands. The Roof and Spire Work of the Shrine is perhaps ſuperior, in Exuberance of Ornament, and Height of finiſhing, to any Structure of the ſame Kind. It was gratefully repaired by Magdalen College A.D. 1741. Hedied A.D. 1486.

Weſtward of this are the Traces of the Effigies of a Biſhop, ſaid to be St. Swythun.

Near theſe is a Monument, raiſed ſomewhat higher than the Pavement, ſaid to be that of Lucius the firſt Chriſtian King. It has no Inſcription to illuſtrate this improbable Conjecture.

At the Bottom of the Steps, on the South Side of the Choir, are two very ancient Monuments; one of which has no Inſcription, the other belongs to a Prior of the Convent, who died A.D. 1295, and is thus inſcribed.

Hic jacet Williemus de Baſing, quondam Prior iſtius Eccleſiae, cujus animae propitietur Deus, & qui pro anima ejus oraverit, tres annos & quinquaginta dies Indulgentiae percipiet.

His Predeceſſor may with equal Probability be the Prior here interred, whoſe Name was likewiſe William de Baſynge, and who died A.D. 1284.

Near the Stone Pulpit in the Body of the Church, we read the following Epitaph to the firſt Dean of this Cathedral.

[106]
Wilhelmus Kingſmell prior ultimus, Decanus
primus Eccleſiae . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Obiit 1548. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Almoſt contiguous is the following Inſcription.

Robertus Horne Theologiae Doctoreximius, quondam Chriſti caufa exul, deinde Epiſcopus Winton. pie obiit in Domino Jun. 1. 1580. Epiſcopatus ſui Anno 19.

Oppoſite to the former, upon another Marble, this Inſcription appears.

D. Johannes Watſon hujus Eccleſiae Winton. Praebendarius, Decanus ac Deinde Epiſcopus, Prudentiſſimus Pater, Vir optimus, praecipue erga inopes miſ [...]icors. Obiit in Domino Januar. 23. Anno Aetatis ſuae 63, Epiſcopatus 4. 1583.

Nearer the Choir is the Tomb of William of Edingdon, Biſhop of Wincheſter, with this Epitaph.

Edyndon natus Wilhelmus hic eſt tumulatus,
Praeſul praegratus, in Wintonia Cathedratus,
Qui pertranfitis, ejus memorare velitis,
Providus & mitis, anfit cum mille peritis,
Pervigil Anglorum fuit adjutor populorum,
Dulcis egenorum Pater, & Protector eorum,
M.C. tribus junctum, poſt LXV fit I punctum
Octava Sanctum notat hunc Octobris inunctum.
1366.
He was a noble Benefactor to the Church.

Not far from the little South Door is the ſuperb Tomb and Shrine of WILLIAM of WYKEHAM, Biſhop of Wincheſter, the munificent [107] Founder of Wincheſter College, and of New College in Oxford, who died A.D. 1404. His nobler Shrine is the magnificent Ile, under which he lies entombed, and which was erected at his Expence. The Figure of the Biſhop is remarkably freſh, and well preſerved: But the Shrine was much injured by the Preſbyterians. This grand Mauſoleum is placed on the very Spot on which an Altar ſtood, where Wykeham, when a Boy, conſtantly frequented a Maſs called Pekiſmaſs §. At the Feet of the Biſhop are three ſmall Figures of Benedictine Monks; and at his Head two Angels. This Epitaph encompaſſes the Tomb.

Wilhelmus dictus Wickham jacet hic nece victus,
Iſtius Eccleſiae praeſul reparavit, eamque,
Largus erat, dapifer, probat hoc cum divite pauper,
Conſiliis pariter Regni fuerat bene dexter.
Hunc docet eſſe pium fundatio Collegiorum
Oxoniae primum ſtat, Wintoniaeque ſecundum.
Jugiter oretis, Tumulum quicunq (que) videtis
Pro tantis meritis quod ſit ſibi vita perenni [...].

Near the Choir is the Figure of a martial Perſonage, which is much defaced. We learn his Name from the following Inſcription.

Hic jacet Willielmus Comes de Inſula
Vana alias Wineall.

Beſides the Saxon Kings already recited, Ethelwulf, Edſed and Edwin were interred in this [108] Church; together with ſome of its more ancient Biſhops not yet mentioned, viz. Denewulf, E [...] wold, Brithwald, Walkelyne, Henry de Bloys, &c.

The more modern Monuments and Inſcripſcriptions of this Church, which are very numerous, are here purpoſely omitted, [...] a formal and entire Recital of them would have exceeded the Limits of our Plan, and extended our Work to a tedious, and perhaps unneceſſary, Prolixity. Thoſe I have deſcribed are moſt likely to engage the Attention of curious Obſervers, and their Inſcriptions are ſuch as are not immediately obvious to every Spectator.

From this Survey of the Inſide of the Church we would conduct the Spectator to the Weſt End, which is a ſtriking Specimen of the maſſy Gothic Manner. It is finiſhed with two ſmall Side Spires and a central Pinnacle, with a Niche containing an Epiſcopal Statue of WILLIAM of WYKEHAM, from whoſe ample Beneficence this venerable Pile derives its principal Magnificence and Beauty.

FINIS.
Notes
*
But. p. 1 [...] Ed. Cib.
Kennet's Paroch. Ant. pag. 63.

Leland acquaints us, that the Staple Houſes ‘"lay from the Weſt Gate in a back Way to the North Gate."’ Itiner. vol. iii. pag. 86, ed. 2.

§
Camden, ubi ſupra.
*
Leland ſays that St. Michael's Gate is ſpoken of by antient Writers, and conjectures that King's Gate was ſometimes ſo called, on account of St. Michael's Church ſtanding near it. Itinerar. vol. iii. pag. 86.
Leland, ut ſupra, pag. 87. ſays it was called B [...]rne-gate, and that it led to a ſmall Suburb.
*
Coſmograph. pag. 312. edit. 1666.
William Rufus was crowned here every Chriſtmas. Angl. ſacr. vol. i. pag. 259. Our Kings often kept their Chriſtmas and Eaſter here.
§
It appears to have been in the Crown in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, who allows 6l. 13s. 4d. to the Conſtable of Wincheſter Caſtle. Peck's Deſid. Curioſ. vol. i. l. 2. p. 19.
Wharton's Angl. Sacr. vol. ii. pag. 635.
§
Willis's Mitr. Abb. vol. ii. p. 209. a Penſion of 6l. is allowed to Nicholas Hill, late Incumbent, Anno Dom. 1553.
*
Deſcript, Region.
*
Thom. Walſing. edit. i. pag. 49. See alſo Selden, De Duello, pag. 64. Works, Fol. vol. iii.
Called Morte Arthur, &c. printed by Caxton, 1484.
§
Leland, ut ſupra, pag. 85.
See Rudbourne apud Wharton, vol. i. pag. 211.
Leland, ut ſupra, pag. 86. but Camden ſays Waltheof Earl of Huntingdon, pag. 143. edit. Gib. vol. i.
Ut ſupra, pag. 87.
§
Ut ſupra, pag. 85.
Tanner Not. Mon. pag. 155, 156. Fol.
§

‘"In Atrio Hydae,"’ MSS. Coll. Wint.

As at Winchecombe, Co. Gloceſter, Cirenceſter, ibid. Eveſham, Co. Worceſter, &c.
Tanner, ibid.
§
Brit. vol. i. Gib. edit. pag. 143.
See Tanner, Not. Mon. in Hampſhire.

The ſame Writer obſerves, that ‘"Blak Brydge, made of Wood, is betwixt Eliſabeth and Eſt Bridge."’ Ibid. pag. 89. Eaſt Bridge is, I ſuppoſe, the Bridge juſt without the Eaſt Gate.

§
Leland, ut ſupra. pag. 85.
Dugdal. Mon. vol. iii. Eccleſ. Coll. pag. 49.
From Lowth's Life of Wykeham, edit. 1. pag. 72. Tanner's Account varies in one or two Circumſtances. Ut ſupra, pag. 161.
"We have ſome Examples of the ancient SAXON Manner; which was with Peers or round Pillars, much ſtronger than Tuſcan; round-headed Arches, and Windows. Such was Wincheſter-Cathedral of old; and ſuch, at this Day, the Royal Chapel, in the White Tower at London: The Chapel of St. Croſſes; the Chapel [the Cathedral] of Chriſt-Church in Oxford, formerly an old Monaſtery: and divers others, I need not name, before the Conqueſt."

Life of Sir Ch. Wren. PARENTALIA; or Memoirs, &c. pag. 296, from a Letter of Sir C. Wren, &c.

He is mentioned in Catal. Willis, Magiſt. Circ. 1292. Mitr. Abb. vol. i. p. 344.
Richard Harwood, or Harward, Magiſt. 1489. Willis ut ſupra, p. 345. et Mſs. Wood.
Circ. 1383. Willis, ibid. He was alſo Canon of Southwell, and a Benefactor to Wincheſter College. Regiſt. Coll. Winton.
Lowth, ut ſupra.
§
Printed for R. Baldwin in Pater-noſter Row.
§
See the Founder's Pedigree in Lowth's Wykeham, Append. No. 1.
§
John White adm. Warden. 1541. Willis, ut ſupra.
A more correct Copy could not be given, Halt the Inſcription being covered with a Pew.
§
The firſt, after the Foundation was entirely ſettled. Willis, pag. 333, ut ſupra.
§

‘"Theſe following, which were on Braſs Plates, were torn off long ſince, and their Braſſes are preſerved."’ Wood's Note. Some of them do not at preſent appear.

Wood, Ath. vol. i. 244. & faſt. 79. ob. 9 Feb. 1580. Willis, ibid.
§
Admiſſ. Cuſtos 10 Dec. 1413. A.M.
Sc. Michael Cleeve, admitt. Ward. 1487.
§
John Beckington, Biſhop of Bath and Wells, was his Executor. This Biſhop had been Fellow of New College, in Oxford, and was a Benefactor to both Wykeham's Societies. He gave to New College the Manor of Newton Longueville, Bucks: A Silver Cup weighing ten Pounds: The Bible written on Vellum, finely illuminated, in four Volumes: a Silver Cup weighing ten Pounds, beſides Veſtments for the Choir of that College, A.D. 1465. To Wincheſter College he bequeathed a Silver Cup gilt, weighing ten Pounds nine Ounces: two Silver Candleſticks of the ſame Weight, and Veſtments for the Chapel.
John Clyffe was the firſt Chaplain, buried in the Cloiſters, ut inf.
*
Regiſt. Coll.
Ex Albo Bibliothee.
*

I ſuppoſe, ornamented. Dame Catharine Rede of Borſtall, Bucks, by Will, dat. 1489, leaves among other Things, ‘"a Girdle of Tysſhew harneſſed."’ Kennet's Paroch. Ant. p. 678. In an Invento [...] of the Veſtments and Furniture of St. George's Chapel at Windſor, we find ‘"duo Baculi harnizati cum berillo."’ Dugd. Mon. vol. 3. Eccleſ. Coll. p. 85.

*

‘"Ed. Tacham, or Thacham, Vic. de Writtle, Com. Eſſex."’ W. Ms. N.

*

‘"Here was a Braſs for Rich. Bowrman, once Fellow, where now the School Boys learn in the Summer Time."’ He died 1464. Ms. W. N.

‘"This Man is often written in the Regiſter of this College Grewaker Capellanus Conductitius."’Ms. W. N.

‘"He was born at Gloſſop in Derbyſhire. and admitted perpetual Fellow of New College in 1586."’ Wood's Ms. N.

*

While he was indiſpoſed at Farnham Caſtle in Surrey, he directs another Biſhop ‘"Capellam Collegii noſtri prope Winton. Necnon Altaria in eodem erecta, et locum in cimiterio [cimiterium] dicti Collegii ordinatum, et lapides pro ſupraaltaribus ordinatos dedicate et conſecrare."’ Regiſt. Wyk. part. 3. b. fol. 136. A.D. 1395. As he ſpecifies every Particular ſo minutely, he certainly would have mentioned the Cloiſters diſtinctly by their proper Name, had they exiſted, or even been intended.

*
At the Diſſolution of this Houſe, Thomas Lord Wriotheſley ſold it to Wincheſter College for 360l. on Condition that the Warden and Fellows wouid either convert it into a Grammar School for twenty Scholars, or pull it down before Whitſuntide 1547. The College choſe the latter. Regiſt. Coll. Winton.
§
See the Charters in Dugd. Mon. vol. iii. Eccl. Coll. pag. 106. 133.
*
Tho. Rudborne Hiſt. Maj. Wint. Ang. Sacr. tom. i. pag. 182, 183.
*
Hiſt. Maj. ut ſupr. pag. 218.
See Annal. Ec. Wint. ut ſupr. pag. 294, 295.
§
Rudborne, ibid. 271.
Ut infra.
*
Apud Leland. Collecta [...]. vol. i. pag. 151.
*
Pag. 270, 271, apud Whart. Angl. Sacr. vol. i.
Sic.
F. Mu [...]centes.
*
Part 2. fol. 178. ſeq.
Celerariae.
§
Now called the Cloſe-Wall.

In the ſame Inſtrument Mention is made of the Courſe of the River now running through the Gardens of the Prebendaries on the Eaſt. ‘"And becauſe the ſaid Prior and Convent have agreed to maintain Half the Bridge at le Floudeſtoke in the Soke of Wincheſter over the River which runs from within the Priory of St. Swythun towards the South, and paſſes directly by the College there, commonly called Seinte Marie College of Wyncheſtre, and it's Cloſe on the Eaſt Side; alſo by the College and Cloſe of St. Eliſabeth, and its Meadow called St. Stephen's Mede, on the Weſt Side, into the large and deep River which runs from the ſaid College of St. Eliſabeth towards the Hoſpital of St. Croſs: And the Bridge, near the great Northern Gate of the Siſterhood of the Hoſpital of St. Swythun's, but on the Eaſt Side of the ſaid Gate, &c."’

§
They were originally ſixty. About A.D. 1404, forty-two. Leger B. of Church Winton, No. 1. fol. 20. citat, apud Lowth's Wykeham, p. 215. edit. 2d. At a Viſitation of the Convent 1505, they are reported to be thirty-five. Succeſſ. Priorum Eccl. Winton. apud Wharton, Angl. S. 1. 325; and again in Lowth's Wykeham, forty-ſix, pag. 69. In the Catalogue ſpecified in the next No [...], Mention is made of forty-two Copes of Tiſſue.
The curious Reader may find an Account of them in Strype's Cranmer, Append. No. 16. pag. 24. Alſo in S [...]vens's Monaſtic. b. i. pag. 222. with an Inventory of the Furniture of the Prior's, and Sub-prior's Houſe, &c.
*
It appears likewiſe by the Epiſcopal Regiſters before the Reformation, that moſt of the Livings, formerly preſented to by the Convent, are now in the Patronage of the Dean and Chapter.
Willis Mitr. Abb. vol. i. pag. 301. Tanner, Not. Monaſt. edit. fol. pag. 152.
§
This, with the Addition of other Circumſtances, appears from a Precept in the Regiſter of Wykeham's Epiſcopate, to prohibit the Inhabitants of Winton, or others, from claiming a public Way, or Paſſage, through the Cloiſters, or Court, of the Monaſtery. Regiſtr. Wykeham. pag. 2. ſol. 180. penes Epiſcopi Winton. Officiar.
T. Rudborne, Ang. f. vol. i. pag. 285.
Britannia, edit. Gibſ. vol. i. pag. 139. See Burton on Antonin. pag. 221.
Wilkins's Concil. vol. iv. pag. 517.
§
Itin. vol. iii. pag. 85. ed. 2.
Heylin's Hiſt. of Preſbyt. pag. 540. edit. 1670.
Inſcribed over the Chimney, with J.Y.D. Joh. Young Decanus. His Arms are over a modern Doorway in the North Tranſept with the Date 1630. The Church received many Improvements during his Government. His Arms are alſo on the Roof of the Choir, and in a Window of a Chapel in the South Tranſept.
§

Walker's Sufferings, part 2, pag. 77.—The King was proclaimed in May preceding. ‘"At Wincheſter the Mayor and Aldermen in their ſcarlet Gowns met at the Market Croſs, and went down to the Cathedral, where they heard a very loyal and eloquent Sermon from Mr. Complyn, Miniſter of Avington near Wincheſter. Marching thence into the Highſtreet, the Mayor with the reſt of the Corporation aſcended a Scaffold, covered with red Cloth, and there ſolemnly proclaimed King Charles. The which ended, the Muſketeers gave a gallant Volley; then, Silence being commanded, the remaining Part of the Cathedral Singing Men, whereof Mr. Burt, a Gentleman of eighty Years of Age, was one, with the Maſter of the Choriſters, and other muſical Gentlemen, ſung a ſolemn Anthem, in a Room built on Purpoſe ſomewhat above the Mayor's Scaffold. The Words, O Lord, make thy Servant Charles our gracious King to rejoice in thy Strength, &c."’ Kennet's Regiſter and Chronic. Lond. 1728. pag. 144. See alſo Mercur. Publ. 4to. No. 21.

*
The ſame Arms, on the Preſbytery Partition-Wall of the Choir, are inſcribed EDWARDUS REX. But Edgar was properly the Founder of the Convent. See Dugd. Mon. vol. i. 37, 38, and pag. 981, 982. Alſo Wilkins's Conc. vol i. pag. 244. In Speed's Hiſt. Eng. pag. 368. edit. 1614, Edward's Arms are only the Croſs. But Edgar's, ibid. pag. 369, The Croſs with the Birds, as in this Window, and the Partition-Wall abovementioned. Edgar was the firſt who added the Birds.
*
See Wykeham's Regiſtr. ſupr. citat. part 2. fel. 181.
Hiſt. maj. Winton. Angl. Sacr. vol. i. p. 284.
Heylin's Coſmograph. pag. 312. ed. 1666.
§
Itinerar. vol. iii. pag. 84. ed. 2.
*
Britann. edit. ſec. pag. 142. 70l. i.
Willis Mitr. Abb. vol. ii. pag. 207 & 296; and vol. i. pag. 295 & 70. in addend.
Willis, ibid. vol. ii. 207. Gale's Menſuration is imperfect and erroneous, pag. 25.
Lowth's Life of Wykeham, pag. 208.
§
Dugdale, ubi infr.
*

The Stone-Pulpit in the Body of the Church was probably uſed for preaching before the Reformation, as it was for many Years after. ‘"Wykeham buildid the great Body of the Church of St. Swithun's, where now the Sermons are made, and where [...] [...]odie is enter [...]ed, a very princelie Work."’ Stowe's Annals, by Howes, pag. 351. ed. 1615. This is now entirely diſuſed.

§
Vid. Sigill. Eccleſ. A Church, in the Gate of which is the Image of the Trinity.
As appears by the Garter, and a Mitre, with the initial S, and another Letter doubtful.
From his Epitaph.
He ſeems to have reduced the Windows in the Weſt Side of the Northern Tranſept to their preſent Form.
§
Willis's Mitr. Ab. vol. i. pag. 301.
See Wood's Hiſt. Univ. Oxon. L. ii. p. 230.

One of their Friends has recorded a moſt extraordinary Anecdote, that in the Houſes of the Prebendaries ‘"they found great Store of Popiſh Books, Pictures, and Crucifixes,"’ which after a mock Proceſſion were burnt, with the Organ-pipes, in the Streets. John Vicars's God in the Mount, or England's Parliamentarie Chronicle, &c. 4to. London, 1644, p. 229.

Heylin H.ſt. of Preſbyt. pag. 450. edit. 1670. Dugdale's Short View, &c. pag. 558.
Leland, Collectan. vol. i. pag. 116.
Willis Mitr. Abb. vol. i. pag. 301.
§

Mention is made of a Painting in the Queen's Chapel at Wincheſter. "The King to the Sheriff of Hants."—‘"Cauſe to be painted in the Queen's Chapel at Wincheſter, upon the Gable-End towards the Weſt, the Image of St. Chriſtopher, who holds in his Arms our Bleſſed Saviour."’ From a Latin Record in the Court of Liveries, 32 Henry III. m. 7. citat. apud Stukeley, Palaeograph. Brit. No. 1. pag. 36. I preſume this was ſome Chapel in the Caſtle of Wincheſter, where the Royal Family reſided.

Sometimes called John De Pontiſſara, who built St. Eliſabeth's College, mentioned ſupr. pag. 15.
§
Lowth's Wykeham, pag. 278.
It is [...]d that he was buried before the high Altar, A.D. 1171. But T [...], among his many curious manuſcript Inſertions in Le [...]'s FAST. [Bibl. Bodl. Oxon. In Muſeola Bibliothecarii.] acquaints us, that he was buried at Ivinghoe, Co. Bucks, a Manor belonging to the Biſhop of Wincheſter, where he founded a Nunnery. There is a Statue in that Church, which the Inhabitants ſuppoſe to be his. See Mon. Angl. T. 1. pag. 490. Ivinghoe was, or is, in the Patronage of the Biſhop of Wincheſter.
Distributed by the University of Oxford under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License

Zitationsvorschlag für dieses Objekt
TextGrid Repository (2020). TEI. 4408 A description of the city college and cathedral of Winchester The whole illustrated with several curious particulars collected from a manuscript of Anthony Wood. University of Oxford Text Archive. . https://hdl.handle.net/21.T11991/0000-001A-5872-1