• Satyrus Geſner quad. 863.
• Pongo Purchas's Pilgr. II. 982. v. 623.
• Homo ſylveſtris, orang outang. Bontius Java. 84. Beckman's Bor⯑neo 37.
• Baris Nieremberg. 179.
• Barrys Barbot's Guinea. 101.
• Quojas morrou. idem 115.
• Chimpanzee Scotin's print. 1738.
• Man of the wood Edw. 213.
• Le Jocko de Buffon xiv. 44. tab. I.
• Le Pongo ibid.
• L'Homme de bois. Simia ungui⯑bus omnibus planis et rotundatis caeſarie faciem cingente. Briſſon quad. 134.
• Homo Troglodytes. Homo noc⯑turnus Lin. ſyſt. 33. Amoen. Acad. vi. 68.69.72.
• Simia ſatyrus. S. ecaudata ferru⯑ginea, lacertorum pilis reverſis, natibus tectis. Lin. ſyſt. 34. Br. Muſ.

A. with a flat face, and a deformed reſemblance of the human: ears exactly like thoſe of a man: hair on the head longer than on the body: body and limbs covered with reddiſh and ſhaggy hair; longeſt on the back, thinneſt on the fore-parts: face and paws ſwarthy: buttocks covered with hair.

Inhabits the interior parts of Africa, the iſles of Sumatra, Borneo, and Java. Are ſolitary, and [97] live in the moſt deſert places: grow to the height of ſix feet: has prodigious ſtrength, will over-power the ſtrongeſt man. The old ones are ſhot with arrows; only the young can be taken alive: live entirely on fruits and nuts: will attack and kill the negroes who wander in the woods: will drive away the elephants, and beat them with their fiſts, or pieces of wood: will throw ſtones at people that offend them: ſleep in trees; make a ſort of ſhelter from the inclemency of the weather: are of a ſo⯑litary nature, grave appearance, and melancholy diſpoſition, and even when young not inclined to frolick: are vaſtly ſwift and agile: go erect: ſome⯑times carry away the young negroes^*.

When taken young are capable of being tamed; very docil, are taught to carry water, pound rice, turn a ſpit. The Chimpanzee ſhewn in London, 1738, was extremely mild, affectionate, good-natured; like the ſatyr of Pliny, mitiſſima natura; very fond of the people it was uſed to: eat like a human creature: lay down in bed like one, with its hand under its head: fetch a chair to ſit down on: drink tea, pour it into a ſaucer if too hot: would cry like a child; be uneaſy at the abſence of its keeper. This was only two feet four inches high, and was a young one: that deſcribed by Doctor Tylon ^** two inches ſhorter. There is great poſſibility that [98] theſe animals may vary in ſize and in color, ſome being covered with black, others with reddiſh hairs.

Not the Satyrs of the antients, which had tails ^*, and were a ſpecies of monkey. Linnaeus's Homo nocturnus, an animal of this kind, unneceſſarily ſepa⯑rated from his Simia Satyrus. Some of the authori⯑ties in the Amaen Acad. very doubtfull. Sir John Mon⯑deville, p. 361, certainly meant this large ſpecies, when he ſays he came to another yle where the Folk ben alle ſkynned roughe heer, as a rough beſt, ſaf only the face, and the pawme of the hond.

• [...]. Ariſtot. hiſt. an. lib. c. 8.
• Simia Geſner quad. 847. Raii ſyn. quad. 149.
• Ape 2d. ſp. Boſman's Guinea. 242.
• Le Singe. Simia unguibus om⯑nibus planis planis, et rotundatis Briſſon quad. 133.
• Le Pitheque de Buffon xix. 84.
• Simia ſylvanus. S. ecaudatus, na⯑tibus calvis capite rotundato. Lin. ſyſt. 34.

A. with a flattiſh face: ears like thoſe of a man: body of the ſize of a cat: color above of an olive brown, beneath yellowiſh: nails flat buttocks nak⯑ed: ſits upright.

Inhabits Africa. Not uncommon in our exhibi⯑tions of animals: very tractable, and good-natur'd: moſt probably the pygmy of the antients. Abounds in Aethiopia ^**, one ſeat of that imaginary nation: [99] were believed to dwell near the fountains of the Nile ^*; deſcended annually to make war on the cranes, i. e. to ſteal their eggs, which the birds may be ſuppoſed naturally to defend; whence the fiction of their combats. Strabo judiciouſly ^** ob⯑ſerves, that no perſon worthy of credit ever ven⯑tured to aſſert he had ſeen this nation: Ariſtotle ſpeaks of them only by hear-ſay, [...], they were ſaid to be mounted on little horſes, on goats, on rams, and even on partridges. The Indians taking advantage of the credulity of people, em⯑balmed this ſpecies of ape with ſpices, and ſold them to merchants as true pygmies ^†: ſuch, doubt⯑leſs, were the diminutive inhabitants mentioned by Mr. Groſe ^‡ to be found in the foreſt of the Carnatic.

Feed on fruits; are very fond of inſects, parti⯑cularly of ants; aſſemble in troops ^‖, and turn over every ſtone in ſearch of them. If attacked by wild beaſts, take to flight; but if overtaken, will face their purſuers, and by flinging the ſubtile ſand of the deſert in their eyes, often eſcape ^§.

Le grand Gibbon de Buffon, xiv. 92. tab. ii.

A. with a flat ſwarthy face ſurrounded with grey hairs: hair on the body black and rough: but⯑tocks bare: nails on the hands flat; on the feet, [100] long: arms of a moſt diſproportioned length, reach⯑ing quite to the ground when the animal is erect, its natural poſture: of a hideous deformity.

Inhabits India, Malacca, and the Mollucca Iſles: a mild and gentle animal: grows to the height of four feet. The great black ape of Mangſi, a pro⯑vince in China, ſeems to be of this kind ^*.

α LESSER. Reſembling the former, but much leſs: its colors brown and grey. From Ma⯑lacca. Le petit gibbon de Buffon xiv. tab. iii.

β A ſpecies in poſſeſſion of Lord Clive about two years ago, much reſembling the laſt, but more ele⯑gant in its form, and the arms ſhorter; but ſo nearly allied in ſhape, as not to be ſeparated: face, ears, crown of the head, feet and hands, black: the reſt of the body and arms covered with ſilvery hairs: about three feet high: good-natured, and full of frolick.

• [...] Ariſtot. hiſt. an. lib. ii. c. 8.
• Cynocephalus Plinii, lib. viii. c. 54. Geſner quad. 859.
• Simius cynocephalus Pr. Alp. Aegypt, I. 241. tab. xv.xvi.
• Le Magot de Buffon, xiv. 109. tab. vii.viii.
• Le Singe Cynocephale. Briſſon quad.
• Simia Inuus. S. ecaudata na⯑tibus calvis, capite oblongo. Lin. ſyſt. 35.
• Yellow ape? Du Halde China, I. 120. La Roque voy. Arabia, 210.

A. with a long face, not unlike that of a dog: ca⯑nine teeth, long and ſtrong: ears like the human: nails flat: buttocks bare: color of the upper part [102] of the body a dirty greeniſh brown: belly of a dull pale yellow: grows to above the length of four feet.

Inhabits many parts of India, Arabia, and all parts of Africa, except Aegypt, where none of this genus are found. A few are found on the hill of Gibraltar, which breed there: probably from a pair that had eſcaped from the town; for I never heard that they were found in any other part of Spain.

Are very ill-natured, miſchievous and fierce; agreeing with the character of the antient Cynoce⯑phali: are a very common kind in exhibitions: by force of diſcipline, are made to play ſome tricks; otherwiſe, are more dull and ſullen than the reſt of this genus: aſſemble in great troops in the open fields in India ^*: will attack women going to mar⯑ket, and take their proviſions from them. The fe⯑males carry the young in their arms, and will leap from tree to tree with them. Apes were worſhipped in India, and had magnificent temples erected to them. When the Portugueſe plundered one in Cey⯑lon, they found in a little golden caſket ^** the tooth of an ape; a relique held by the natives in ſuch ve⯑neration, that they offered 700,000 ducats to re⯑deem it, but in vain; for it was burnt by the Vice⯑roy, to ſtop the progreſs of idolatry.

• Mantegar Ph. Tr. No: 290. Abridg. V. 182.
• Bradley's Nat. 117. tab. xv. fig. 1.

A. with a noſe and head fourteen inches in length▪ the noſe of a deep red, face blue, both naked: black eye-brows: ears like the human; on the top of the head a long upright tuft of hair; on the chin ano⯑ther: two long tuſks in the upper jaw: fore feet exactly reſembling hands, and the nails on the fin⯑gers flat: the hind feet have the thumbs leſs per⯑fect, and the nails imbricated: the fore part of the body, and the inſide of the legs and arms, naked: the outſide covered with mottled brown and olive hair; that on the back duſky: the buttocks red, and bare: length, from the noſe to the rump, three feet two inches.

A ſpecies of diſguſting deformity; very fierce and falacious; went on all fours; but would ſit up on its rump, and ſupport itſelf with a ſtick: in this atti⯑tude would hold a cup in its hand, and drink out of it: its food was fruits.

Ariſtotle barely mentions another ſpecies of ape under the title of [...], ſimia Porcaria. M. de Buffon imagines it to be the baboon; but ſince the Philoſopher expreſly ſays, that his [...], or apes, had no tails, we cannot aſſent to its being the baboon. I rather think it a ſpecies we have not at preſent knowlege of. Among my drawings is the copy of one in the Britiſh Muſeum, with a noſe exactly re⯑ſembling that of a hog, which poſſibly may be Ari⯑ſtotle's animal; but there is no account attending the painting to enable us to trace its hiſtory.

[]

• Le Mandrill de Buffon, xiv. 154. tab. xvi. xvii.
• S. maimon. S. caudata ſubbar⯑bata genis caeruleis ſtriatis. Lin. ſyſt. 35.

B. with a long naked noſe compreſſed ſideways, of a purple color, and ribbed obliquely on each ſide: on the chin a ſhort picked orange beard: tail very hairy, about two inches long, which it carries erect: buttocks naked: hair ſoft, duſky mottled with yel⯑low: length, from noſe to tail, about two feet.

Inhabits Guinea. Thoſe I have ſeen ſat erect on their rump, but walked on all fours: were good-natured, but not ſportive.

By the rude figure in Geſner ^*, this ſeems to be the animal he intended, by his Papio: (the Simia Sphinx of Linnaeus, 35.) but it muſt be obſerved, that able Naturaliſt here makes a great miſtake, in thinking it the Hyaena of the Antients; but his de⯑ſcription is taken from a drawing, not from nature.

Linnaeus places this among the ſimiae cauda elon⯑gata, and applies to it ſome of the ſynonyms of the [...]d ſpecies: but his deſcription agrees with this ſo exactly, that there can be no doubt but that it is his Simia maimon.

This animal is well deſcribed by M. de Buffon, Mr. [...], Linnaeus, and M. Briſſon; and indeed every [104] Naturaliſt, except M. de Buffon, has copied Geſ⯑ner: but we think the firſt ought to have applied the name of Baboon to this ſpecies, inſtead of that deſcribed by him, p. 133. the one having the cha⯑racter of this ſection, the other having a length of tail, that conſtitutes that of the monkey.

The animal called, by Barbot and Boſman ^*, SMITTEN, is a large ſpecies to be referred to this genus: it is deſcribed with a great head, ſhort tail, and of a mouſe color; that it grows to the ſize of five feet, is very fierce, and will even attack a man.

The mandrill mentioned by Smith, in his voyage to Guinea, is another kind; probably only a variety of the Smitten. He ſays it grows to a vaſt ſize: the body as thick as that of a man: the teeth large and yellow: head vaſtly large: face broad and flat, wrinkled, and covered with a white ſkin: noſe al⯑ways running: body covered with long black hair like a bear. M. de Buffoon makes this laſt ſynony⯑mous with his mandrill; but both the ſize and length of hair, and greatneſs of the head, ſhew them to be of a very different ſpecies.

The Tretretretre of Madagaſcar is another animal of this kind; deſcribed to be of the ſize of a calf of two years old; to have a round head, viſage and ears of a man, feet of an ape, hair curled: a ſoli⯑tary ſpecies: the natives are greatly afraid of it, and fly its haunts as it does theirs ^**.

[]

• Simia apedia. S. ſemicaudata, palmarum pollice approximato, unguibus oblongis, pollicum ro⯑tundatis, natibus tectis. Lin. ſyſt. 35.
• Simia cauda abrupta, unguibus compreſſis obtuſiuſculis, pollice palmarum digitis adhaerente. A⯑man. Acad. I. 558.

B. with a roundiſh head, mouth projecting, ears roundiſh, and naked; thumb not remote from the fingers: nails narrow, and compreſſed; thoſe of the thumbs rounded: color of the hair yellowiſh tipt with black: face brown, with a few ſcattered hairs: tail not an inch long: buttocks covered with hairs: ſize of a ſquirrel, according to Linnaeus. But Mr. Balk, in the Amaen. Acad. ſays it is as large as a cat.

Inhabits India: is a lively ſpecies.

• Pig-tailed Monkey. Edw. 214. Le Maimon de Buffon, xiv. 176. tab. xix.
• Simia Nemeſtrina. S. Semi⯑caudata ſub-barbata griſea iridi⯑bus brunneis, natibus calvis. Lin. ſyſt. 35. Br. Muſ.

B. with a pointed face, not ſo long as that of the laſt: eyes hazel: above and beneath the mouth ſome few black hairs: face naked, of a ſwarthy redneſs; two ſharp canine teeth: ears like the hu⯑man: crown of the head duſky: hair on the limbs and body brown inclining to aſh color, paleſt on the belly: fingers black: nails long and flat: thumbs on the hind feet very long, connected to the neareſt toe by a broad membrane: tail four inches long, ſlender, exactly like a pig's, and al⯑moſt [106] naked: the bare ſpaces on the rump red, and but ſmall: length, from head to tail, twenty-two inches.

Inhabits the iſle of Sumatra and Japan ^*: is very docil: in Japan is taught ſeveral tricks, and carried about the country by mountebanks. Kaempfer was informed by one of theſe people, that the Baboon he had was 102 years old.

• [...] Ariſtot. hiſt. An. II. c 8.
• C [...]ephalus Plinii, lib. viii. c. [...]1 Geſner quad. 862. Clus. exot. 3 [...]0.
• [...] Tartarin Belon portraits 102. S [...]mia. Aegyptiaca cauda elongata, [...] tuberoſis nudis. Haſſel⯑ [...]n. 189.
• S [...] Hamadryas. S. caudata cinerea, auribus comoſis, ungui⯑bus acutiuſculis, natibus calvis. Lin. ſyſt. 36.
• Cercopithecus cynocephalus, parte anteriore corporis longis pilis obſita, naſo violaceo nudo. Le Magot ou le Tartarin. Briſſon quad. 152.
• Le Babouin de Buffon, xiv. 133. tab. xiii.xiv. Edw. fig. ined.

M. with a long, thick and ſtrong noſe, covered with a ſmooth red ſkin: eyes ſmall: ears pointed, and hid in the hair: head great, and flat: hair on the head, and fore part of the body, as far as the waſte, very long and ſhaggy; grey and olive brinded; that [...]n the ſides of the head very full: the hair on the [...]bs and hind part of the body very ſhort: limbs ſtrong and thick: hands and feet duſky: the nails on the fore feet flat; thoſe on the hind like a dog's: buttocks very bare, and covered with a ſkin of a [...]ody color: tail ſcarce the length of the body, and carried generally erect. The Baboon deſcribed [108] by M. de Buffon, had loſt part of its tail; therefore is imperfectly deſcribed and figured. Well repre⯑ſented in Belon.

Inhabits the hotteſt parts of Africa and Aſia: keep in vaſt troops: are very fierce and dangerous: rob gardens: run up trees when paſſengers go by; ſhake the boughs at them with great fury, and chatter very loud: are exceſſively impudent, indecent, laſ⯑civious: moſt deteſtable animals in their manners, as well as appearance. Mr. Edwards communicated to me an account and a fine print ^* of one, which was ſhewn in London ſome years ago: it came from Moco, in the Perſian gulph; was above five feet high; very fierce, and untameable; ſo ſtrong, as eaſily to maſter its keeper, a ſtrong young man: its inclinations to women appeared in the moſt violent manner. A Footman, who brought a girl to ſee it, in order to teize the animal, kiſſed and hugged her: the beaſt, enraged at being ſo tantalized, caught hold of a quart pewter pot, which he threw with ſuch force, and ſo ſure an aim, that had not the man's hat and wig ſoftened the blow, his ſcull muſt have been fractured; but he fortunately eſ⯑caped with a common broken head.

[]

• Cercopithecus barbatus primus. Cluſii exot. 371. Raii ſyn. quad. 159. Klein quad. 89.
• Wanderow Knox's Ceylon. 26.
• Simia veter. S. caudata barbata alba barba nigra. Lin. ſyſt. 36. Briſſon quad. 147.
• Simia ſilenus. S. caudata bar⯑bata nigra, barba nigra prolixa. Lin. ſyſt. 36. Briſſon quad. 149.
• Cercopithecus niger Aegyptiacus, ibid.
• Simia Faunus. S. caudata bar⯑bata, cauda apice floccoſa. Lin. ſyſt. 36.
• Cercopithecus barbatus infra al⯑bus, barba incana mucronata, cauda in floccum deſinente. Briſ⯑ſon quad. 144.

M. with a long dog-like face, naked, and of a duſky color: a very large and full white or hoary beard: large canine teeth: body covered with black hair: belly of a lighter color: nails flat: tail terminated with a tuft of hair like that of a Lion: bulk of a middling ſized dog.

Inhabits the Eaſt-Indies and the hotter parts of Africa: I think, ſubject to variety.

α. One ſhewn in London three years ago: exceſſively fierce, and ill-natured: the tail not longer than the back, ending with a large tuft: beard reaching quite up the cheeks, as far as the eyes. This is certainly the Ouanderou of M. de Buffon, xiv. 169. tab. xviii. which he makes a ſort of Baboon, or Monkey with a ſhort tail; for he ſeems to have met with a ſpeci⯑men mutilated in that part; and deſcribes it accord⯑ingly.

[...]. with a triangular white beard, pointed at the bottom and on each ſide the ears, ſtanding out far beyond them: face and hands purple: body black: [110] tail long, black, and terminated with a dirty white tuft. Ceylon. Mr. Loten. This is the Cercopithecu. barbatus, barba incana mucronata of M. Briſſon p. 148. Cercopithecus Barbatus ſecundus Cluſii exot 371.

γ. with the whole body milk white, but bearded like the others. Ceylon. Knox.

δ. the little bearded men of Barbot voy. Guinea, 212 and Boſman, 242. are about two feet high, and are black as jet, with long white beards. The negroes ſet a great value on the ſkins of this ſpecies, and ſell them to one another at eighteen or twenty ſhillings each. Of the ſkins of theſe they make the caps for the Tie-Tie's, or public Criers.

ε. another bearded man, found on the Gold Coaſt, with white beard, and black muſtachoes; ſpeckled ſkin, white belly, a broad tawny ſtroke on the back, black paws, and black tail ^*.

• Cercopithecus angolenſis major, macaquo. Marcgrave Braſil, 227. Rau ſyn. quad. 155. Klein quad. 89. Cercopithecus cynocephalus, na⯑ribus bifidis elatis, natibus calvis Briſſon quad. 152. C. Cynoceph. ex virid. &c. 151.
• S. Cynomolgus. S. caudata im⯑berbis, naribus bifidis elatis, cau⯑da arcuata, natibus calvis. Lin. ſyſt. 38. S. cynocephalus. ibid. Le Macaque de Buffon, xiv. 190. tab, xiv.

M. with the noſtrils divided, like thoſe of a hare: noſe thick, flat, and wrinkled: head large: eyes ſmall: teeth very white: body thick, and clumſy: buttocks naked: tail long: color varies; ſome⯑times like that of a wolf; but others, are brown, tinged with yellow, or olive: the tail is rather ſhorter than the body, and is always carried arched.

Inhabits Guinea and Angola: is full of frolick, and ridiculous grimaces.

Le Malbrouck of M. de Buffon, xiv. 224. tab. xxix. ſo much reſembles this ſpecies, that I place it it here as a variety. That able Zoologiſt ſuſpected the ſame; but ſeparates them, on account of ſome trifling diſtinctions, and the difference of country: this being a native of India, the other of Africa: but ſince thoſe very diſtinctions may ariſe from the laſt cauſe, it ſeems better to unite them, than to multiply the ſpecies already ſo numerous. A few years ago, one that ſeemed of this ſpecies was ſhewn in London, equal in ſize to a ſmall greyhound.

• Cercopithecus barbatus guineen⯑ſis, Exquima. Marcgrave Braſil. 227. Raii ſyn. quad. 156.
• Cercopithecus barbatus fuſcus punctis albis imperſis barba alba. Briſſon quad. 147. No. 23.148. No. 24.
• Simia Diana. S. caudata barbata, fronte barbaque faſtigiata. Lin. ſyſt. 38.
• L'Exquima de Buffon, xv. 16.

M. with a long white beard: color of the upper parts of the body reddiſh, as if they had been ſinged, marked with white ſpecks: the belly and chin whitiſh: tail very long: is a ſpecies of a middle ſize.

Inhabits Guinea and Congo, according to Marc⯑grave: the Congeſe call it Exquima. M. de Buffon denies it to be of that country: but, from the cir⯑cumſtance of the curl in its tail, in Marcgrave's fi⯑gure, and the deſcription of ſome voyagers, he ſup⯑poſes it to be a native of South America.

Linnaeus deſcribes his S. Diana ſomewhat differ⯑ently: he ſays it is of the ſize of a large cat; black, ſpotted with white: hind part of the back ferrugi⯑neous: the hairs on the forehead erect, forming the ſhape of a creſcent: beard pointed; black above, white beneath; placed on a fattiſh excreſcence: breaſt and throat white: from the rump, croſs the thighs, a white line: tail long, ſtrait, and black: face, ears, and feet, of the ſame color: canine teeth, large.

• Simius Callitrichus. Proſp. Alp. Aegypt. I.
• Simia ſabaea. S. caudata imber⯑bis flavicans, facie atra, cauda cinerca, natibus calvis. Lin. ſyſt. 38.
• Cercopithecus ex cinereo flaveſ⯑cens, genis longis pilis albis ob⯑ſita. Briſſon quad. 145. et Cerco⯑barbatus rufus facie nigra, caeſa⯑rie alba cincta. 140.
• Le Callitriche de Buffon xiv. 272. tab. xxxvli.

M. with a black and flattiſh face: the ſides of it bounded by long white hairs; falling backwards, and almoſt covering the ears, which are black, and like the human: head, limbs, and whole upper part of the body and tail, covered with ſoft hair, of a yellowiſh green color at their ends, cinereous at their roots: under ſide of the body and tail, and inner ſide of the limbs, of a ſilvery color: tail very long and ſlender: ſize of a ſmall cat.

Inhabits different parts of Africa: keep in great flocks, and live in the woods: are ſcarce diſcerni⯑ble when among the leaves, except by their breaking the boughs with their gambols, in which they are very agile and ſilent: even when ſhot at, do not make the leſt noiſe; but will unite in company, knit their brows, and gnaſh their teeth, as if they meant to attack their enemy ^*: are very common in the Cape Verd iſlands.

• βSimia Aethiops. caudata imber⯑bis, capillitio erecto lunalaque frontis albis. Lin. ſyſt. 39. Haſ⯑ſelquiſt itin? 190.
• Le Mangabey de Buffon, xiv. 244 tab. xxxii. xxxiii.

M. with a long, black, naked, and dog-like face: the upper eye-lids of a pure white: ears black, and like the human: no canine teeth: hairs on the ſides of the face beneath the cheeks, longer than the reſt: tail long: color of the whole body tawny and black: flat nails on the thumbs and fore-fingers; blunt claws on the others: hands and feet black.

Shewn in London a few years ago: place uncer⯑tain: that deſcribed by M. de Buffon came from Madagaſcar: was very good-natured, went on all fours.

Le Mangabey a collier blanc ^*, is a variety, with the long hairs on the cheeks and round the neck white.

• Cercopithecus alius Guineenſis. Marcgrave Braſil, 228. Raii ſyn. quad. 156.
• S. cephus. S. caudata buccis barbatis, vertice flaveſcente, pe⯑dibus nigris, cauda apice ferru⯑ginea. Lin. ſyſt. 39.
• Cercopithecus nigricans, genis et auriculis longis pilis ex alba flavicantibus obſitis, ore caer [...] ⯑leſcente. Briſſon quad. 146.
• Le Mouſtac de Buffon, xiv. 283. tab. xxxix.

M. with a ſhort noſe, the end marked with a tranſ⯑verſe line of pure white: the face naked, and of a duſky blue: on the cheeks, before the ears, two large tufts of yellow hairs, like Muſtaches: the hair on the top of the head long and upright: round the [115] mouth are ſome black hairs: the color of the hair on the head yellow; on the body and limbs, a mix⯑ture of red and aſh-color: the part of the tail next the body of the ſame color; the reſt yellowiſh: the under part of the body paler than the upper: the feet black: nails flat: its length, one foot; that of the tail, eighteen inches.

Inhabits Guinea.

e Talapoin de Buffon, xiv. 287. tab. xi.

M. with a ſharp noſe, round head, large black naked ears: eyes, and end of the noſe, fleſh-color⯑ed: hair on the cheeks very long, and reflected to⯑wards the ears: on the chin a ſmall beard: the co⯑lor of the whole upper part of the body, and the outſide of the limbs, a mixture of duſky yellow and green: the lower part white tinged with yellow: the tail very long and ſlender; above, of an olive and duſky color; beneath, cinereous: the paws black: length, about one foot; of the tail, one foot five inches.

Inhabits India.

Middle-ſized black monkey Edw. 311.

M. with a round head: noſe a little ſharp: face, of a tawny fleſh color, with a few black hairs: [...]irides, a reddiſh hazel: hair above the eyes long, [...]uniting with the eye-brows; that on the temples partly covering the ears: breaſt and belly of a [116] ſwarthy fleſh color, almoſt naked: hair on the body, limbs and tail, black, and pretty long: paws co⯑vered with a black ſoft ſkin: ſize of a large cat.

Inhabits Guinea: active, lively, entertaining, good-natured.

S. aygula. S. caudata ſubimber⯑bis griſea, eminentia piloſa ver⯑ticis reverſa longitudinali. Lin. ſyſt. 39. Oſbeck's voy. I. 151. L'Aigrette. de Buffon, xiv. 190. tab. xxi.

M. with a long face, and an upright ſharp-pointed tuft of hair on the top of the head: hair on the fore⯑head black: the tuft and upper part of the body light grey: the belly white: eye-brows large: beard very ſmall: ſize of a ſmall cat.

Inhabits Java: fawn on men, on their own ſpe⯑cies, and embrace each other; play with dogs, if they have none of their own ſpecies with them: if they ſee a monkey of another kind, greet him with a thouſand grimaces: when a number of them ſleep, they put their heads together; make a continual noiſe during night.

Le Patas a bandeau noir. de Buffon, xiv. 208. tab. xxv.

M. with a long noſe: eyes ſunk in the head: ears furniſhed with pretty long hairs: body ſlender: over each eye, from ear to ear, extends a black line: the upper part of the body of a moſt beautifull and bright bay, almoſt red, ſo vivid as to appear paint⯑ed: the lower parts aſh-color, tinged with yellow: [117] tail not ſo long as the body: whoſe length is about one foot ſix inches.

M. de Buffon gives a variety of this ſpecies, tab. xxvi. with a white band croſs the face, which he calls Le Patas a bandeau blanc.

Inhabits Senegal: is leſs active than the other kinds: very inquiſitive: when boats are on their paſſage on the river, will come in crowds to the ex⯑tremities of the branches, and ſeem to admire them with vaſt attention: at length, will become ſo fami⯑liar, as to throw pieces of ſticks at the crew: if ſhot at, will raiſe hideous cries; ſome will throw ſtones, others void their excrements in their hands, and fling them among the paſſengers ^*.

Barbot ^** mentions another ſort of red monkey, called in Guinea Peaſants, becauſe of their ugly red hair and figure, and their natural ſtink and naſti⯑neſs.

• [...] Knox's C [...]ylon, 26.
• Le Bonnet-Chinois. de Buffon, xiv. 190. tab. xxx. Br. Muſ.

M. with a long ſmooth noſe, of a whitiſh color: hair on the crown of the head long, lying flat, and parted like that of a man: color, a pale cinereous brown.

Inhabits Ceylon: keep in great troops: rob the gardens of fruit, and fields of the corn: the natives are obliged to watch the whole day; yet theſe mon⯑kies are ſo bold, that, when drove from one end of [118] the field, will immediately enter at the other, and carry off with them as much as their mouth and arms can hold. Boſman ^*, ſpeaking of the thefts of the monkies of Guinea, ſays, that they will take in each paw one or two ſtalks of millet, as many under their arms, and two or three in their mouth; and thus laden, hop away on their hind legs; but if pur⯑ſued, fling away all, except what is in their mouths, that it may not impede their flight: they are very nice in their choice of the millet, examine every ſtalk, and if they do not like it, fling it away; ſo this delicacy does more harm to the fields than their thievery.

• [...]? Ariſt. hiſt. An.
• Monne? Leo Afr. 342.
• Monichus Proſp. Alp. Aegypt. I. 242.
• La Mone de Buffon, xiv. 258. tab. xxxvi.
• Cercopithecus pilis ex nigro et rufo variegatis veſtibus, pedibus nigris, cauda cinerea. Le ſinge variè. Briſſon quad. 1411

M. with a ſhort thick noſe, of a dirty fleſh color: hair on the ſides of the face, and under the throat, long; the color yellow and black; on the forehead, grey: above the eyes, from ear to ear, a black line: the upper part of the body duſky and red: the belly whitiſh: outſide of the thighs, and the feet, black: the tail of a cinereous brown: length, about a foot and a half; the tail, above two.

Inhabits Barbary, Aethiopia, and other parts of Africa: is the kind which gives the name of Mon⯑key to the whole tribe, from the African word Men⯑ne; [119] or rather its corruption, Monichus. M. de Buf⯑fon ſuppoſes it to be the [...] of Ariſtotle: but the Philoſopher ſays no more, than that the Cebi are apes furniſhed with tails.

Of this kind is the Cercopithecus Guineenſis alius of Marcgrave Braſil. 228. Briſſon quad. 139. which the firſt deſcribes as being of the color of the back of a hare.

• Le Doue de Buffon, xiv. 298. tab. x [...]i
• Cercopithecus cinereus, genis longis pilis ex albo flavicantibus, obſitis, torque ex caſtaneo pur⯑puraſcente. Le grand ſinge de la Cochin-chine. Briſſon quad. 146.

M. with a ſhort flattiſh face, bounded on each ſide by long hairs of a yellowiſh white color: on the neck a collar of purpliſh brown: the lower part of the arms, the thighs, and tail, are white: the upper part of the arms, and thighs, black: the back, belly and ſides, grey tinged with yellow: above the root of the tail is a ſpot of white, which extends be⯑neath as far as the lower part of the belly and part of the thighs: the feet black: the buttocks ^* co⯑vered with hair: is a very large ſpecies, about four feet long, from the noſe to the tail; but the tail not ſo long.

Inhabits Cochin-China and Madagaſcar ^**: lives on beans; often walks on its hind feet.

M. with a face a little produced; that and the ear fleſh colored: noſe flattiſh: long canine teeth in the lower jaw: hair on the upper part of the body pal [...] tawny, cinereous at the roots: hind part of the back orange: legs cinereous: belly white: ſize o [...] a cat: tail ſhorter than the body.

Inhabits India. From one in Mr. Brooks's exhi⯑bition, very ill-natured.

• Simia nictitans. S. caudata im⯑berbis nigra punctis pallidis al⯑perſa, naſo albo, pollice palma⯑rum breviſſimo, natibus tectis. Lin. ſyſt.
• Cercopithecus Angolenſis alius ^*. Marcgrave Braſil. 227.
• White Noſes. Purchas's Pilg II. 955.

M. with a ſhort face covered with hair: noſe white: orbits naked: irides yellow: hair on the body black, marked with ſome circles of a lighter color: tail ſtrait, longer than the body: feet and tail black: buttocks covered: thumbs very ſhort: not quite the ſize of the Pygmy ape.

Inhabits Guinea: very ſportive; perpetually winking.

M. with a blue naked face ribbed obliquely: a long beard, like that of a goat: whole body and limbs of a deep brown color: tail long. Deſcribed from a drawing in the Britiſh Muſeum, by Kikius, an ex⯑cellent painter of animals.

[]

M. with a flat face: long hairs on the forehead and cheeks: upper part of the body and limbs of a tawny brown; belly cinereous: tail ſhorter than the body, annulated with a darker and lighter brown: from a drawing in the Britiſh Muſeum.

• Cercopithecus Luzonicus mini⯑mus, magu vel Root Indorum. F [...]. Gaz. 21. tab. 13.
• Simia ſyrichta. S. caudata im⯑berbis ore ciliiſque vibriſſatis. Lin. ſyſt. 44.

M. with its mouth and eye-brows beſet with long hairs: an obſcure ſpecies, mentioned only by Peti⯑ver; ſaid to come from the Philippine iſles.

• Guariba Marcgrave Braſil, 226. Raii ſyn. quad. 153.
• Aquiqui De Laet. 486. Grew's Muſcum, 11.
• Howling Baboons, Guareba. Dancroft's Guiana. 133.
• Simia Beelzebub. S. caudata barbata nigra, cauda prehenſili extremo pedibuſque fuſcis. Lin. ſyſt. 37.
• Cercopithecus niger, pedibus fuſcis. Briſſon quad. 137.

M. with black ſhining eyes: ſhort round ears: a round beard under the chin and throat: hairs on the body of a ſhining black, long, yet lie ſo cloſe on each other that the animal appears quite ſmooth: the feet and end of the tail brown; tail very long, and always twiſted at the end: ſize of a fox.

Inhabits the woods of Braſil and Guiana in vaſt numbers; and makes a moſt dreadfull howling: ſometimes one mounts on a higher branch, the reſt ſeat themſelves beneath; the firſt begins as if it was to harangue, and ſets up ſo loud and ſharp a howl as may be heard a vaſt way, a perſon at a diſtance would think that a hundred joined in the cry; after a certain ſpace, he gives a ſignal with his hand, [123] when the whole aſſembly joins in chorus; but on another ſignal, is ſilent, and the orator finiſhes his addreſs^*: their clamor is the moſt diſagreeable and tremendous that can be conceived, owing to a hollow and hard bone placed in the throat, which the Engliſh call the throttle bone ^**. Theſe mon⯑kies are very fierce, untameable and bite dreadfully.

• α. ROYAL. Cercopithecus bar⯑batus maximus, ferruginoſus, ſtertoroſus. Ala [...]iita, ſinge rouge. Barrere France Aequin. 150.
• Cercupithecus barbatus ſaturaté rufus. Briſſon quad. 147.
• Simia ſeniculus. S. caudata bar⯑bata rufa, cauda prehenſili. Lin. ſyſt. 37.
• Arabata Gumilla Orenóque, II. 8. Bancroft Guiana, 135.
• L'Allouatte, de Buffon, xiv. 5.

A variety of a ferruginous or reddiſh bay color, which the Indians ^† call the king of the monkies: is large, and as noiſy as the former: the natives eat this ſpecies, and ſeveral other ſorts of monkies, but are particularly fond of this; Europeans will alſo eat it, eſpecially in thoſe parts of America where food is ſcarce: when it is ſcalded in order to get off the hair, it looks very white, and has a reſem⯑blance ſhocking to humanity, that of a child of two or three years old, when crying ^‡.

• Cercopithecus major niger, faci⯑em humanam referens. Quouata. Barrere France Aequin. 150.
• Quato Bancroft Guiana, 131.
• Cercopithecus in pedibus ante⯑riobus pollice carens cauda infe⯑rius apicem verſus pi [...]is deſtituta. Le Belzebut. Briſſon quad. 150.
• Simia Paniſcus. S. caudata im⯑berbis atra, cauda prehenſili, ad apicem ſubtus nuda. Lin. ſyſt. 37.
• Le Coaita de Buffon xv. 16.
• Spider Monkey. Edw. Gleanings. III. 222. Br. Muſ.

M. with a long fiat face, of a ſwarthy fleſh color: eyes ſunk in the head: ears like the human: limbs of a great length and uncommonly ſlender: hair black, long and rough: only four fingers on the hands, being quite deſtitute of a thumb: five toes on the feet: nails flat: tail long, and naked below, near the end: body ſlender: about a foot and a half long: tail near two feet, ſo prehenſile as to ſerve every purpoſe of a hand.

Inhabits the neighbourhood of Carthagena, Gui⯑ana, Braſil, and ^* Peru: aſſociate in vaſt herds: ſcarce ever are ſeen on the ground. Dampier ^** deſcribes their gambols in a lively manner: ‘There was, ſays he, a great company, dancing from tree to tree over my head, chattering and making a terrible noiſe, and a great many grim faces and antick geſtures; ſome broke down dry ſticks and flung them at me, others ſcattered their urine and dung about my ears; at laſt one bigger than the reſt came to a ſmall limb juſt over my head, and leaping directly at me, made me leap back, but the monkey caught hold of the bough with the tip of his tail, and there continued ſwinging to [125] and fro, making mouths at me. The females with their young ones are much troubled to leap after the males, for they have commonly two, one ſhe carries under her arm, the other ſits on her back, and claps its two fore paws about her neck: are very ſullen when taken; and very hard to be got when ſhot, for they will cling with their tail or feet to a bough, as long as any life remains; when I have ſhot at one, and broke a leg or arm, I have pitied the poor creature to ſee it look and handle the broken limb, and turn it from ſide to ſide.’

They are the moſt active of monkies, and quite enliven the foreſts of America: in order to paſs from top to top of lofty trees, whoſe branches are too diſ⯑tant for a leap, they will form a chain, by hanging down, linked to each other by their tails, and ſwing⯑ing in that manner till the loweſt catches hold of a bough of the next tree, and draws up the reſt ^* and ſometimes they paſs ^** rivers by the ſame ex⯑pedient.

Are ſometimes brought to Europe: are very ten⯑der, and ſeldom live long in our climate: Mr. Brookes had one or two, which, as long as they con⯑tinued in health, were ſo active, and played ſuch tricks, as to confirm the account of voyagers.

• Simia trepida. S. caudata im⯑berbis, capillitio arrecto, manibus pedibuſque caeruleis, cauda pre⯑henſili villoſa. Lin. ſyſt. 39.
• Simia capucina. S. caudata im⯑berbis fuſca, cauda prehenſili hirſuta, pileo artubuſque nigris, natibus tectis. Lin. ſyſt. 42. Muſ. Ad. Fred. I. tab. ii. S. Apella. S. caudata imberbis cauda ſub⯑prehenſili, corpore fuſco, pedi⯑bus nigris, natibus tectis. ibid Muſ. Ad. Fred. I. tab. ii.
• Cercopithecus fuſcus, capitis vet⯑tice fuſco. Briſſon quad. 137.
• Le Sajou brun—et gris, de Buffon xv. 37. tab. iv.v.
• Buſh-tailed Montey Edw. 312. Simiolus Ceylonicus Seb. Muſ. I. 77. tab. 48. Br. Muſ.

M. with round head; and ſhort fleſh colored face, with a little down on it: hair on the forehead more or leſs high and erect in different ſubjects: top of the head black or duſky, hair on it pretty long: hind part of the neck, and middle of the back, co⯑vered with long duſky hairs; reſt of the back and the limbs of a reddiſh brown: hands and feet co⯑vered with a black ſkin: tail longer than the head and body, and often carried over the ſhoulders; the hair on it very long, of a deep brown color, and appears very buſhy from beginning to end: is a ſpe⯑cies that varies a little in colors, and in the diffe⯑rent length of the hair, which induced Linnaeus to form three ſpecies out of this one.

Inhabits Guiana, not Ceylon, as Seba aſſerts: is a lively ſpecies; but capricious in its affections in a ſtate of captivity, having a great fondneſs for ſome perſons, and as great a hatred to others.

• Cercopithecus Braſilienſis ſecun⯑dus Cluſii exot. 372.
• Cay? De Laet. 486. Raii ſyn. quad. 155.
• Cercopithecus totus niger. Briſſon quad. 139.
• Le Sai—Le Sai a gorge blanc. de Buffon, xv. 51. tab. viii. ix. Br. Muſ.

M. with a round and flat face, of a reddiſh brown color, very deformed: the hair on the head, and upper part of the body, black, tinged with brown; beneath and on the limbs, tinged with red: tail black, and much longer than the head and body: the young exceſſively deformed; their hair very long, and thinly diſperſed; in the Britiſh Muſeum are ſpecimens of old and young. M. de Buffon has a variety with a white throat.

Inhabits Surinam and Braſil: appear as if they were always weeping^*: of a melancholy diſpoſi⯑tion: but very full of imitating what they ſee done: theſe probably are the monkies Dampier ſaw in the Bay of All Saints, which he ſays are very ugly, and ſmell ſtrongly of muſk ^**: keep in large companies; and make a great chattering, eſpecially in ſtormy weather: reſide much on a ſpecies of tree, which bears a podded fruit, which they feed on^†.

• Caitaia Marcgrave Braſil 227. Raii ſyn. quad. 175.
• Cercopithecus pilis ex fuſco, fla⯑veſcente, et candicante variega⯑tus veſtitus, pedibus ex flavo ru⯑feſcentibus. Briſſon quad. 140.
• Cercopithecus ex albo flaveſcens, moſchum redolens. Briſſon 139.
• Cercopithecus minor luteus; Le ſapajou jaune. Barrere France Ae⯑quin. 151.
• Simia ſciurea. S. caudata imber⯑bis, occipite prominulo, ungni⯑bus quatuor plantarum ſubulatis; natibus tectis. Lin. ſyſt. 43.
• Le Saimiri de Buffon, xv. 67. tab. x. Br. Muſ.

M. with a round head, noſe a little pointed; the end duſky: orbits fleſh colored: ears hairy: hair on the body ſhort and fine, of a yellow and brown color; but in its native country, when in perfec⯑tion, of a brilliant gold ^* color: the feet orange: nails of the hands flat: of the feet like claws: tail very long; leſs uſeful for prehenſile purpoſes than that of the reſt: body of the ſize of a ſquirrel.

Inhabits Braſil and Guiana: when provoked, ſcreams: is a very tender animal: ſeldom brought here alive: ſmells of muſk ^**. The Simia Morta of Linnaeus, 43; and Cercopithecus cauda murina of Briſſon, 143; engraved in Seba, tab. 48. under the name of Simiolus Ceylonicus, is only the foetus of ſome monkey: probably, as Linnaeus conjectures, of this ſpecies.

• Cercopithecus ex nigro et fuſco variegatus, faſciculis duobus pi⯑lorum capitis corniculorum ae⯑mulis. Le Sapajou cornu. Briſ⯑ſon quad. 138.
• Simia Fatuellus Lin. ſyſt. 42.

M. with two tufts of hair like horns on the top of the head: eyes bright; of a duſky color; ears like the human: face, ſides, belly, fore legs brown: top of the head, middle of the back, hind legs, and all the feet black: tail prehenſile, covered with ſhort bright hair: body fourteen inches long, tail fifteen.

Inhabits America.

M. with a ſhort noſe; black face; hair on each ſide long; back and ſides orange and black, intimately mixed; belly white; outſide of the legs black; in⯑ [...]ide aſh-colored; tail of a duſky aſh: its length [...]wenty inches; that of the body eighteen.

Lately in poſſeſſion of Richard Morris, Eſq of [...]he Navy-Office: brought from Antigua: but its [...]ative place uncertain: very good-natured, lively, [...]nd full of tricks: frequently hung by its tail.

• Cagui major Marcgrave Braſil, 227.
• Cercopithecus pilis nigris, apice albido, veſtitus, cauda pilis lon⯑giſſimis nigris obſita. Briſſon quad. 138. C. pilis cinereſcentibus ni⯑gro mixtis, cauda rufa. Briſſon, 141.
• Simia Pithecia. S. caudata im⯑berbis, vellere nigro apice albo cauda nigra villoſiſſima. Lin. ſyſt 40.
• Le Saki de Buffon, xv. 88. tab xii.
• Saccawinkee Bancroft Guiana 135. Br. Muſ.

M. with a ſwarthy face, covered with ſhort white down: forehead and ſides of the face with whitiſh, and pretty long hair: body with long duſky brown hairs; white or yellowiſh at their tips: hair on the tail very long and buſhy; ſometimes black, ſome⯑times reddiſh: belly and lower part of the limbs a reddiſh white: length from noſe to tail near a foot and a half: tail longer, and like that of a fox: hands and feet black, with claws inſtead of nails.

Inhabits Guiana.

• Cercopithecus minimus niger Leontocephalus, auribus ele⯑phantinis. Barrere France Aequin. 151.
• Simia midas. S. caudara imber⯑bis, labio ſuperiore fiſſo, auri⯑bus quadratis nudis, unguibus ſubulatis, pedibus croceis. Lin. ſyſt. 42.
• Le Tamarin. de Buffon xv. 92. tab. xiii.
• Little black monkey. Edw. 196. Br. Muſ.

M. with a round head, ſwarthy, fleſh-colored, naked face: upper lip a little divided: ears very large, erect, naked, and almoſt ſquare: hair on the fore⯑head upright and long; on the body ſoft, but ſhaggy: the head, whole body, and upper part of the limbs, black, except the lower part of the back, which was tinged with yellow: hands and feet covered with light orange-colored hairs, very fine and ſmooth: nails long and crooked: tail black, and twice the length of the body: teeth very white.

Inhabits the hotter parts of South America, and the iſle of Gorgona, ſouth of Panama, in the South Sea. There are, ſays Dampier, a great many little black monkies: at low water, they come to the ſea ſide to take muſcles and perriwinkles, which they dig out of the ſhells with their claws ^*.

• Cagui minor Marcgrave Braſil, Cercopithecus Braſilianus tertius Sagouin. Cluſii Exot. 372. Geſ⯑ner quad. 869. Raii ſyn. quad. 154. Klein quad. 87. tab. iii. Lu⯑dolph. Com. Aethiop. 58.
• Cercopithecus taeniis tranſverſis alternatim fuſcis et e cincreo albis variegatus, auriculis pilis albis circumdatis. Briſſon quad. 143.
• Simia Iacchus. S. caudata auri⯑bus villoſis patulis, cauda hirſo⯑tiſſima curvata, unguibus ſubu⯑latis; pollicum rotundatis. Lin. ſyſt. 40.
• L'Ouiſtiti de Buffon, xv. 96. tab. xiv.
• Sanglin or Cagui minor. Edw. 218. Ph. Tr. abridg. 1751. p. 146. tab. vii. Br. Muſ.

M. with a very round head: about the ears two very long full tufts of white hairs ſtanding out on each ſide: irides reddiſh: face ſwarthy fleſh-color: ears like the human: head black: body aſh-colored, reddiſh, and duſky; the laſt forms ſtriated bars croſs the body: tail full of hair, an⯑nulated with aſh-color and black: body ſeven inches long: tail near eleven: hands and feet covered with ſhort hairs: fingers like thoſe of a ſquirrel: nails, or rather claws, ſharp.

Inhabits Braſil: feeds on vegetables; will alſo eat fiſh ^*: makes a weak noiſe: very reſtleſs: often brought over to Europe.

[]

• Cercopithecus minor dilutè oli⯑vaceus, parvo capite, Acarima a Cayenne. Barrere France Aequin. 151.
• Cercopithecus ex albo flavicans, fucie circumferentia, ſaturaté ru⯑fa. Le petit ſinge Lion. Briſſon quad. 142.
• Simia Roſalia. S. caudata imber⯑bis, capite piloſo, facie circum⯑ferentia pedibuſque rubris, un⯑guibus ſubulatis. Lin. ſyſt. 41.
• Le Marikina de Buffon, xv. 108. tab. xvi.

M. with a flat face, of a dull purple color: ears round and naked: on the ſides of the face the hairs very long, turning backwards, of a bright bay co⯑lor; ſometime yellow, and the former only in patches: the hair on the body long very fine, ſilky, gloſſy, and of a pale but bright yellow: hands and feet naked, and of a dull purple color: claws inſtead of nails to each finger: length of head and body ten inches: tail thirteen and a half; a little buſhy at the end.

Inhabits Guiana.

• Pinche Condamine's voy. 83.
• Simia Oedipus. S. caudata im⯑berbis, capillo dependente, cau⯑da rubra, unguibus ſubulatis. Lin. ſyſt. 41.
• Cercopithecus pilis ex fuſco et rafo veſtitus, facie ultra auricu⯑las uſque nigra et nuda, vertice longis pilis obſita. Briſſon quad. 150.
• Le Pinche de Buffon, xv. 114. tab. xvii.
• Little Lion Monkey. Edw. 195.

M. with a round head and black pointed face: ears round and duſky: hair on the head white, long, and ſpreading over the ſhoulders: ſhoulders and back covered with long and looſe brown hairs: rump and half the tail deep orange-colored, almoſt red; the remaining part black: throat black: [134] breaſt, belly, and legs, white: inſides of the hands and feet black: claws crooked and ſharp: length of the head and body eight inches; tail above twice as long.

Inhabits Guiana, Braſil, and the banks of the river of Amazons, whoſe woods ſwarm with numberleſs ſpecies: is agile and lively, and has a ſoft whiſtling note.

• A Sagoin, &c. Condamine's voy. 83.
• Cercopithecus ex cinereo albus argenteus, facie auriculiſque ru⯑bris ſplendentibus, cauda caſta⯑nei coloris. Briſſon quad. 142.
• Le Mico. de Buffon, xv. 121. tab. xviii.

M. with a ſmall round head: face and ears of the moſt lively vermillion color: body covered with moſt beautifull long hairs of a bright and ſilvery whiteneſs, of matchleſs elegance: tail of a ſhining dark cheſnut: head and body eight inches long; tail twelve.

Inhabits the banks of the Amazons, diſcovered by M. de Condamine.

[]

• Leo Plinii, lib. viii. c. 16. Geſner quad. 572. Raii ſyn. quad. 102.
• Lowe Klein quad. 81.
• Felis cauda in floccum deſineute. Briſſon quad. 194.
• Felis Leo. F. cauda elongata, corpore helvulo. Lin ſyſt. 60.
• Le Lion de Buffon, ix. 1. tab. I.II.

C. with a large head: ſhort rounded ears: face co⯑vered with ſhort hairs: upper part of the head, chin, whole neck and ſhoulders, with long ſhaggy hairs, like a mane: hair on the body and limbs ſhort and ſmooth; along the bottom of the belly long: limbs of vaſt ſtrength: tail long, with a tuft of long hairs at the end: color tawny, but on the belly inclines to white: length of the largeſt lion from noſe to tail above eight feet: the tail four feet: the lioneſs or female is leſs, and wants the mane.

An inhabitant of all parts of Africa; and the hot parts of Aſia, ſuch as India and Perſia, and a few are ſtill met with in the deſerts between Bagdat and Baſſorah, on the banks of the Euphrates; but they are found in greateſt numbers in the torrid zone, where their ſize is the largeſt, and their rage more [165] tremendous, being enflamed by the influence of a burning ſun, on a moſt arid ſoil. In the interior parts of Africa ^*, amidſt the ſcorched and deſolate deſerts of Zaara, or Biledulgerid, they reign ſole maſters; they lord it over every beaſt, and their courage never meets with a check, where the cli⯑mate keeps mankind at a diſtance: the nearer they approach the habitations of the human race, the leſs their rage, or rather the greater is their timi⯑dity ^**; they have often experienced the unequal combat, and finding that there exiſts a being ſupe⯑rior to them, commit their ravages with more cau⯑tion: a cooler climate again has the ſame effect; for in the burning deſerts, where rivers and fountains are denied, they live in a perpetual fever, a ſort of madneſs fatal to every animal they meet with: the author of the oeconomy of nature gives a wonder⯑full proof of the inſtinct of theſe animals in thoſe unwatered tracts. There the Pelican makes her neſt; and in order to cool her young ones, and ac⯑cuſtom them to an element they muſt afterwards be converſant in, brings from afar, in their great gular pouch, ſufficient water to fill the neſt; the lion, and other wild beaſts, approach and quench their thirſt, yet never injure the unfledged ^† birds, as if conſcious that their deſtruction would immediately put a ſtop to thoſe gratefull ſupplies.

The courage of the lion is tempered with mercy ^‡, [166] and has been known to ſpare the weaker animals, as if beneath his attention: there are many inſtance; of its gratitude; relations ſo ſtrange, that the reader is referred to them in the notes ^* to the au⯑thorities themſelves. Lions are capable of being tamed: the monarch of Perſia, full of ſavage ſtate, has, on days of audience ^**, two great ones chain⯑ed on each ſide of the paſſage to the room of ſtate, led there by keepers, in chains of gold. As they have been ſo far ſubdued, why may we not credit the ſtory of their being harneſſed for the triumphal car of the conqueror Bacchus?

The lion preys on all kinds of animals: as his ſcent is bad, his peculiar and tremendous roar ſtrikes terror into every beaſt of the deſert, and ſets them in motion, in open view; he then ſelects his object, and takes it not ſo much by purſuit, as by a vaſt bound, ſtriking it with his talons, and tearing it to pieces: in inhabited countries he invades the folds, leaps over the fences with his prey; and ſuch is his ſtrength, that he can carry off a middling ox with the utmoſt eaſe ^†: in many places it takes its prey by ſurprize, lurking in the thickets, and ſpringing on it: oft-times mankind falls a victim to his hun⯑ger, but then it is rather thro' neceſſity than choice. The Arabs have a notion of his ſparing the tender ſex, but Doctor Shaw informs us ^‡ that they make no diſtinction in theſe days: the ſame writer ac⯑quaints [167] us, that the fleſh of the lion is often eaten in Barbary, and it reſembles veal in taſte.

Formerly found in Europe, between the rivers Achelous and Neſſus ^*; none in America; the animal called Puma ^†, which is miſtaken for the lion, is our 129th ſpecies.

• Tigris Plinii, lib. viii. c. 18. Bon⯑tius Java, 53. Geſner quad. 936. Raii ſyn. quad. 165. Klein. quad. [...]8.
• Felis Tigris. F. cauda elongata, corpore maculis omnibus virga⯑tis. Lin. ſyſt. 61.
• Felis flava, maculis longis nigris variegata. Briſſon quad. 194.
• Le Tigre de Buffon, ix. 129. tab. ix.

C. with a ſmooth head and body; vaſt ſtrength in its limbs; of a pale yellow color, beautifully marked with long ſtripes of black from the back, pointing to the belly, with others croſs the thighs: the tail ſhorter by a third than the body; annulated with black: often ſuperior in ſize to a lion; that called the Royal ^‡ Tiger of a tremendous bulk. M. de Buffon mentions one that was (tail included) fifteen feet long. Du Halde II. 254, ſays, that the Chineſe tigers vary in color, ſome being white, ſtriped with black and gray.

The tiger is peculiar to Aſia ^§; and is found as far North as China, and Chineſe Tartary; it inhabits mount Ararat, and Hyrcania of old, famous for its [168] wild beaſts; but the greateſt numbers, the largeſt, and the moſt cruel, are met with in India, and its iſlands; they are the ſcourge of the country; they lurk among the buſhes, on the ſides of rivers, and almoſt depopulate many places: they are inſidious, blood thirſty, and malevolent; and ſeem to prefer preying on the human race preferable to any other animals: they do not purſue their prey, but bound on it from their ambuſh, with an elaſticity, and from a diſtance that is ſcarce credible: if they miſs the object, they make off; but if they ſucceed, be it man, or be it beaſt, even one as large as a Buffalo ^*, they carry it off with ſuch eaſe, that it ſeems not the leſt impediment to their flight: if they are un⯑diſturbed, they plunge their head into the body of the animal up to their very eyes, as if it were to ſa⯑tiate themſelves with blood, which they exhauſt the corps of before they tear it to pieces^**: there is a ſort of cruelty in their devaſtations, unknown to the generous lion; as well at a poltronery in their ſud⯑den retreat on any diſappointment. I was informed, by very good authority, that in the beginning of this century, ſome gentlemen and ladies, being on a party of pleaſure, under a ſhade of trees, on the banks of a river in Bengal, obſerved a tiger prepar⯑ing for its fatal ſpring; one of the ladies, with amazing preſence of mind, layed hold of an um⯑brella, and furled it full in the animal's face, which inſtantly retired, and gave the company opportunity of removing from ſo terrible a neighbor.

[169]Another party had not the ſame good fortune: a tiger darted among them while they were at dinner, [...] on one gentleman, and carried him off, and [...] was more heard of. They attack all ſorts of animals, even the lion; and it has been known that both have periſhed in their combats: there is in ſome parts of India a popular notion ^*, that the rhinoceros and the tiger are in friendſhip, becauſe they are often found near each other: the fact is, the rhinoceros, like the hog, loves to wallow in the mire; and on that account frequents the banks of rivers; the tiger, to quench its raging thirſt, is met with in places contiguous to them.

Pliny has been frequently taken to taſk by the moderns, for calling the tiger, animal tremendae ve⯑ [...]tatis ^**; they allow it great agility in its bounds, but deny it ſwiftneſs in purſuit: two travellers of authority, both eye-witneſſes, confirm what Pliny ſays; the one indeed only mentions, in general its vaſt fleetneſs; the other ſaw a tryal between one and a ſwift horſe, whoſe rider eſcaped meerly by getting in time amidſt a circle of armed men. The chaſe of this animal was a favorite diverſion with the great CAM-HI, the Chineſe monarch, in whoſe company our countryman, Mr. Bell, that faithfull traveller; and the Pere Gerbillon, ſaw theſe proofs of the tiger's ſpeed ^†.

[170]They are ſaid to roar like a lion; but thoſe I have ſeen in captivity, emitted only a ſurly growl.

• Varia et Pardus? Plinis, lib. viii. c. 17.
• [...]? Oppian Cy⯑neg. lib. III. [...]. 63.
• Panthera, Pardus, Pardalis, Leo⯑pardus Geſner quad. 824. Raii ſyn. quad. 166. Klein. quad. 77.
• Felis Pardus. F. cauda elongata, corpore maculis ſuperioribus or⯑biculatis; inferioribus virgatis. Lin. ſyſt. 61 ^*. Briſſon quad. 198.
• La Panthere de Buffon, ix. 151. tab. xi. xii.

C. with ſhort ſmooth hair, of a bright tawny color: the back, ſides, and flanks elegantly markes with black ſpots, diſpoſed in circles from four to five in each, with a ſingle black ſpot in the centre of each: on the face and legs ſingle ſpots only: on the top of the back is a row of oblong ſpots; the longeſt next the tail: the cheſt and belly white; the firſt marked with tranſverſe duſky ſtripes: the belly and tail with large irregular black ſpots: ears ſhort and pointed: end of the noſe brown: limbs very ſtrong: the ſkin of one I meaſured, was, from the end of the noſe to the origin of the tail, ſix feet ten inches; the tail near three.

Inhabits Africa, from Barbary to the remoteſt parts of Guinea ^†. This ſpecies is next in ſize to the tiger; next to it in cruelty, and in its general enmity to the animal creation: it is to Africa what the former is to Aſia, with this alleviation, that it prefers the fleſh of brutes to that of mankind; but when preſſed with hun⯑ger, [171] attacks every living creature without diſtinction: its manner of taking its prey is the ſame with that of the tiger, always by ſurprize, either lurking in thickets, or creeping on its belly till it comes within reach: it will alſo climb up trees in purſuit of mon⯑kies, and leſſer animals; ſo that nothing is ſecure from its attacks: it is an untameable ſpecies, always retains its fierce, its malevolent aſpect, and perpe⯑tual growl or murmur.

The antients were well acquainted with theſe ani⯑mals; theſe and the leopards were the Variae, and Pardi of the old writers: one ſhould think that the Romans would have exhauſted the deſerts of Africa, by the numbers they draw from thence for their public ſhews: Scaurus exhibited at one time 150 Panthers; Pompey the great 410; Auguſtus 420^*: probably they thinned the coaſts of Mauritania of theſe animals, but they ſtill ſwarm in the Southern parts of Guinea.

Oppian deſcribes two ſpecies of Panthers; a large ſpecies and a ſmall one; the firſt of which has a ſhorter tail than the leſſer, and may poſſibly be this kind.

An animal of this ſpecies is found in Buckharia, called there Babr; is ſeven [...]eet long; very deſtruc⯑tive to horſes, and even camels: the ſkin is fine, and valued in Ruſſia at 1l. ſterling^†.

• Uncia Caii opuſc. 42. Geſner quad. 825.
• Le Leopard des Marchais voy. I. 202.
• Le Leopard de Buffon, ix. 151. tab. xiv.

C. with hair of a lively yellow color; marked on the back and ſides with ſmall ſpots, diſpoſed in cir⯑cles, and placed pretty cloſely together: the face and legs marked with ſingle ſpots: the breaſt and belly covered with longer hairs than the reſt of the body, of a whitiſh color: the ſpots on the tail large and oblong: the length of this ſpecies, from noſe to tail, four feet; the tail two and a half.

[173]Inhabits Senegal and Guinea; ſpares neither man nor beaſt: when beaſts of chaſe fail, deſcends from the internal parts of Africa in crowds, and makes great havoke among the numerous herds that cover the rich meadows of the lower Guinea: it tears its prey to pieces with both claws and teeth; is always thin, tho' perpetually devouring. The Panther is its enemy, and deſtroys numbers of them. The Negreſſes make collars of their teeth, and attribute to them certain virtues. The Negroes take theſe animals in pit-falls, covered at the top with ſlight hurdles, on which is placed ſome fleſh as a bait. The Negroes made a banquet of theſe animals, whoſe fleſh is ſaid to be as white as veal, and very well taſted. The ſkins are often brought to Europe, and reckoned very valuable.

C. with the face ſpotted with black: chin white: a great black ſpot each ſide of the upper lip: breaſt marked with ſmall ſpots: belly white, ſpotted with black: back, ſides and rump, covered with hair of a bright yellow color: marked with circles of ſpots, like the former; but the ſpots much leſs: not half the bulk of the laſt; but the tail ſhorter in propor⯑tion, and tapering to a point, and the hair on it ſhort. The tails of the two laſt ſpecies are of equal thickneſs from top to bottom.

Inhabits the Eaſt Indies? kept a few years ago in the Tower: ſeemed a good-natured animal.

Le Leopard voy. de la Boullaye-le-gouz. 248.

C. with a ſmall head: irides pale orange: end o [...] the noſe black: from each corner of the mouth to that of each eye, a duſky line: ears ſhort, tawny marked with a brown bar: face, chin and throat of a pale yellowiſh brown: the face ſlightly ſpot⯑ted: body of a light-tawny brown, marked with numbers of ſmall round black ſpots; not in cir⯑cles, but each diſtinct: the ſpots on the rim and outſide of the legs were larger: the inſide of the legs plain: hair on the top of the neck longer than the reſt: that on the belly white, and very long: tail longer than the body; of a reddiſh brown color; marked above with large black ſpots; the hair on the under ſide very long.

Size of a large gre-hound: of a long make: cheſt narrow: legs very long.

Inhabits India: is tamed and trained for the chace of antelopes: carried in a ſmall kind of waggon, chained and hoodwinked, till it ap⯑proaches the herd: when firſt unchained does not immediately make its attempt, but winds along the ground, ſtopping and concealing itſelf till it gets a proper advantage, then darts on the animals with ſurprizing ſwiftneſs; overtakes them by the rapi⯑dity of its bounds: but if it does not ſucceed in its firſt efforts, conſiſting of five or ſix amazing leaps, miſſes its prey: loſing its breath, and find⯑ing itſelf unequal in ſpeed, ſtands ſtill: gives up []

[175] the point for that time ^*, and readily returns to its maſter.

• [...]. Oppian Cyneg. III. [...].95.
• Panthera? Plinii, lib. viii. c. 17.
• L'Once de Buffon, ix. 151. tab. xiii.

C. with a large head: ſhort ears: long hair on the whole body: color a whitiſh aſh, tinged with yel⯑low: on the breaſt and belly with a ſmaller caſt of yellow: head marked with ſmall round ſpots: behind each ear a large black ſpot: the upper part of the neck varied, with large ſingle ſpots: the ſides of the back with longitudinal marks, conſiſting of ſeveral ſpots, almoſt touching each other, leaving the ground color of the body in the middle: the ſpots beneath theſe irregular, large, and full: thoſe on the legs ſmall, and thinly diſperſed: the tail full of hair; irregularly marked with large black ſpots. This ſpecies is of a ſtrong make: long backed: ſhort legged: length from the noſe to the tail, about three feet and a half: tail upwards of three feet.

Inhabits Barbary ^**, Perſia, Hyrcania ^† and Chi⯑na ^‡; is an animal of a more gentle and mild na⯑ture than moſt of the preceding; is, like the laſt, [176] uſed for the chace of antelopes, and even hares; but, inſtead of being conveyed in a waggon, is car⯑ried on the crupper on horſeback; it under as much command as a ſetting dog, returns at the leſt call, and jumps up behind its maſter ^*.

Is ſuppoſed to be the leſſer Panther of Oppian, and the Panthera of Pliny ^†.

• Jaguara Marcgrave Braſil, 235. Piſo Braſil, 203.
• Pardus aut Lynx Braſilienſis Ja⯑guara dicta, Luſitanis onza. Raii ſyn. quad. 168. Klein. quad. 80.
• Le Tigre de La Guiane Des Mar⯑chais, voy. III. 299.
• Tigris americana. Felis flaveſ⯑cens, maculis nigris orbiculatis quibuſdam roſam referentibu [...] variegata. Briſſon quad. 196.
• Felis onça. Felis cauda mediocri, corpore flaveſcente, ocellis nigris rotundato angulatis medio flavis. Lin. ſyſt. 91.
• Le Jaguar de Buffon, ix. 201. tab. xviii.

C. with hair of a bright tawny color: the top of the back marked with long ſtripes of black: the ſides with rows of irregular oblong ſpots: open in the middle, which is of the ground-color of the hair: the thighs and legs marked with full ſpots of black: the breaſt and belly whitiſh: the tail not ſo long as the body: the upper part deep tawny, marked with large black ſpots, irregularly: the lower part with ſmaller ſpots: grows to the ſize of a wolf, and even larger.

Inhabits the hotteſt parts of S. America, from the iſthmus of Darien to Buenos Ayres: fierce and deſtructive to man and beaſt. Like the tiger it plunges its head into the body of its prey, and [177] ſucks out the blood before it devours it: makes a great noiſe in the night, like the howling of a hungry dog: is a very cowardly animal: eaſily put to flight; either by the ſhepherds dogs, or by a light⯑ed torch, being very fearfull of fire: it lies in ambuſh near the ſides of rivers: there is ſometimes ſeen a ſingular combat between this animal and the crocodile; when the Jaguar comes to drink, the cro⯑codile, ready to ſurprize any animal that approaches, raiſes its head out of the water, the former inſtantly ſtrikes its claws into the eyes of this dreadfull rep⯑tile, the only penetrable part, who immediately dives under the water, pulling his enemy along with it, where they commonly both periſh ^*.

• Tac [...]ozelotl; Tlalocelotl. Catus⯑pardus mexicanus. Hernandez. Mex. 512.
• L'O [...]e [...] de Buffon, xiii. 239. tab. xxxv. xxxvi.
• Felis ſylveſtris, americanus, Ti⯑grinus. Seb. Muſ. I. 47. tab. xxx. fig. 2, & 77. tab. xlviii. fig. 2.

C. with its head, back, upper part of the rump and tail of a bright tawny: a black ſtripe extends along the top of the back, from head to tail: from the noſtrils to the corners of the eyes, a ſtripe of black: forehead ſpotted with black: the ſides whitiſh, marked lengthways with long ſtripes of black, hol⯑low, and tawny, in the middle; in which are ſprink⯑led ſome ſmall black ſpots: from the neck towards the ſhoulders point, others of the ſame colors: the ramp marked in the ſame manner: legs whitiſh, va⯑ried [178] with ſmall black ſpots: tail ſpotted with ſmall ſpots near its baſe; with larger near the end, which is black.

An animal, ſuppoſed to be the female^*, was ſhewen two years ago in London: its ground color was cinereous; paleſt on the legs and belly: irides hazel: tip of the noſe red: ears ſhort, and rounded, black on the out-ſide, grey within: from the noſe to the eye, on each ſide, a black line; above and beneath each eye a white one: ſides of the mouth white, marked with four rows of ſmall black ſpots: from the hind part of the head, to the back and ſhoulders, ran ſome long, narrow, hallow ſtripes: along the top of the back two rows of oval black ſpots: the marks on the ſides long, hollow, and ir⯑regular, extending from ſhoulders to thighs: ſhoul⯑ders both barred and ſpotted: legs and belly only ſpotted: tail not ſo long at the body; had large ſpots above, ſmall beneath.

It was ſtrongly made: and above four times the ſize of a large cat.

Inhabits Mexico, the neighborhood of Carthagena, and Braſil: lives in the mountains: is very voraci⯑ous; but fearfull of mankind: preys on young calves^**, and different ſorts of game: lurks amidſt the leaves of trees; and ſometimes will extend itſelf [179] along the boughs, as if dead, 'till the monkies, tempted by their naturall curioſity, approaching to examine it, become its prey ^*.

• Cugacuarana. Marcgrave Braſil. 2 [...]. Raii ſyn. quad. 169.
• Cugacuara Piſo Braſil, 103.
• Panther Lawſon Carolina, 117.
• C [...]ſby Carolina App.
• Tigris fulvus Barrere France Ae⯑quin. 166. Du Pratz. II. 63.
• Tigris fulva. Felis ex flavo ru⯑feſcens, mento et infimo ventre albicantibus. Briſſon quad. 197.
• Le Couguar de Buffon, ix. 216. tab. xix.

C. with a very ſmall head: ears a little pointed: eyes large: chin white: back, neck, rump, ſides, pale browniſh red, mixed with duſky hairs: breaſt, belly, and inſide of the legs cinereous: hair on the belly long: tail duſky, and ferruginous; the tip black: the teeth of a vaſt ſize: claws white: the outmoſt claw of the fore feet much larger than the others: it long bodied, and high on its legs: the length from noſe to tail, five-feet three inches; of the tail two feet eight.

Inhabits the continent of America, from Canada to Brazil: in South America is called Puma ^†, and miſtaken for the lion: is the ſcourge of the colonies of the hotter parts of America; fierce and ravenous to the higheſt degree: ſwims over the broad rivers, and attacks the cattle, even in the encloſures; and when preſſed with hunger, ſpares not even mankind. In N. America their fury ſeems to be ſubdued by the rigor of the climate; the ſmalleſt cur, in company with its maſter, makes them ſeek for ſecurity, by [180] running up trees: but then they are equally deſtruc⯑tive to domeſtic animals, and are the greateſt nu [...] ⯑ſance the planter has: when they lay in wait for the Mooſe, or other deer^*, they lie cloſe on the brand of ſome tree, 'till the animal paſſes beneath, whe [...] they drop on them, and ſoon deſtroy them: they alſo make wolves their prey: that whoſe ſkin is in the Museum of the Royal Society, was killed juſt as it had pulled down a wolf: conceal ſuch part of the prey which they cannot eat: purr like a cat: the fur ſoft, and of ſome value among the Indians, who cover themſelves with it during winter: the fleſh is alſo eaten, and ſaid to be as good and as white as veal^†.

• Jaguarete Marcgrave Braſil, 235.
• Piſo Braſil, 103.
• Raii ſyn. quad. 169.
• Once des Marchais, III. 300.

C. with the head, back, ſides, fore part of the legs, and the tail, covered with ſhort and very gloſſy hairs, of a duſky color; ſometimes ſpotted ^‡ with black, [181] but generally plain: upper lips white: at the corner of the mouth a black ſpot^*: long hairs above each eye, and long whiſkers on the upper lip: lower lip, throat, belly, and the inſide of the legs, whitiſh, or very pale aſh-color: paws white: ears pointed: grows to the ſize of a heifer of a year old: has vaſt ſtrength in its limbs.

Inhabits Braſil and Guiana: is a cruel and fierce beaſt; much dreaded by the Indians; but happily is a ſcarce ſpecies.

C. with ſhort hair, of a bright ferruginous color: the face marked with black ſtripes, tending down⯑wards: from the hind part of the head to the tail, the back is marked with oblong ſtripes of black: the ſides with very numerous ſmall, and round ſpots of black: belly white: tail long, of a bright tawny color, ſpotted with black: length from the noſe to the tail, near three feet.

Deſcribed from a ſkin in a furrier's ſhop in Lon⯑don, who thought it came from the Cape of Good Hope.

• Maraguao Marcgrave Braſil, 233.
• Felis fera tigrina Barrere France Aequin. 152.
• Tepe Maxlaton Fernand, Nov. Hiſp. 9. c. 28.
• Le Pichou, Cat-a-mount du Pratz Louiſian II. 64.
• Felis ſylveſtris tigrina. F. e [...] griſeo, flaveſeens, maculis nigris variegata Briſſon quad. 193.
• Le Margay de Boffon, xiii. 248. tab. xxxvii.

C. with the upper part of the head, the neck, back, ſides, ſhoulders and thighs of a bright tawny color: the face ſtriped downwards with black: the ſhoul⯑ders and body marked with ſtripes, and oblong large black ſpots: the legs with ſmall ſpots: the breaſt, and inſide of the legs and thighs whitiſh, ſpotted with black: the tail very long, marked with black, tawny, and grey: ſize of common cat.

Inhabits S. America: lives on the feathered game, and on poultry: is untameable: makes a noiſe like the common cat.

Theſe ſmall ſpotted ſpecies are called by the ge⯑neral name of tiger-cats: ſeveral kinds are found in the Eaſt-Indies ^*, and in the woods near the Cape of Good Hope; but ſo negligently, or ſo unſcientifically mentioned, as to tender it impoſſible for a zoologiſt to form a deſcription from them: yet a good hiſtory of theſe animals being among the many deſiderata of the naturaliſt; the following maim accounts may ſerve to direct the enquiries of future voyagers. Kolben ^** mentions two kinds; one he calls

[183]The WILD RED CAT, which has a ſtreak of bright red, running along the ridge of the back to the tail, and loſing itſelf in the grey and white on the ſides: the ſkins are ſaid to give eaſe in the gout, and are much valued on that account at the Cape. The other he calls

The BUSH CAT; of which he ſays no more, than that it is the largeſt of wild cats in the Cape coun⯑tries.

• (WILD CAT.) Catus ſylveſtris.
• Boumriitter. Geſner quad. 325.
• Catus ſylveſtris, ferus vel feralis, eques arborum. Klein quad. 75.
• Wilde Katze. Kram Auſtr. 311.
• Felis ſylveſtris. F. pilis ex fuſco, flavicante, et albido, variegatis veſtita, cauda annulis alternatim nigris et ex ſordidé albo flavican⯑tibus cincta. Briſſon quad. 192.
• Kot Driki, Zbik. Rzaczinſki Po⯑lon. 217.
• Le chat ſauvage de Buffon, vi. 1. tab. I. Br. Zool. I. 47.

C. with long ſoft hair, of a yellowiſh white color, mixed with grey; the grey diſpoſed in ſtreaks, point⯑ing downwards, riſing from a duſky liſt, that runs from the head to tail, along the middle of the back: tail marked with alternate bars of black and white, its tip black: hind part of the legs black: three times as large as the common cat; and very ſtrongly made^*.

Inhabits the woods of moſt parts of Europe: a variety of a blue color is met with at the Cape of Good Hope: moſt deſtructive to lambs, kids, and fawns; and to all ſorts of feathered game. The [184] ſtock, or origin of the DOMESTIC CAT ^*, which is ſubject to many varieties.

α. ANGORA CAT. With long hair; of a ſilvery whiteneſs, and ſilky texture; very long, eſpecially about the neck, where it forms a fine ruff: the hairs on the tail very long, and ſpreading: is a large variety: found about Angora; the ſame country which produces the fine haired goat, p. 15. Degenerates after the firſt generation in our climate.

β. TORTOISE SHELL CAT: black, white, and orange. Le chat d'Eſpagne de Buffon vi. tab. III.

γ. BLUE CAT. Le chat des chartreux de Buffon vi. tab. iv. probably deſcended from the blue wild cats of the Cape.

The cat a uſefull but deceitfull domeſtic: when pleaſed purrs, and moves its tail: when angry, ſpits, hiſſes, ſtrikes with its foot: in walking, draws in its claws: drinks little: is fond of fiſh: the fe⯑male very ſalacious; a piteous, jarring, ſqualing lover: its urine corroſive: buries its dung: then na⯑tural [185] enemy of mice; watches them with great gra⯑vity: does not always reject vegetables: waſhes its face with its fore feet, Linnaeus ſays, at the approach of a ſtorm: ſees by night: its eyes ſhine in the dark: its hair emits fire, when rubbed in the dark: always lights on its feet: proverbially tenacious of life: very cleanly; hates wet: is fond of perfumes; marum valerian, catmint. The unaccountable anti⯑pathy of multitudes: beloved by the Mahometans: Meillet, who ſays that the cats of Aegypt are very beautifull, adds, that the inhabitants build hoſpitals for them ^*.

• [...] Chat-pard Memoires pour ſervir [...]. Nat. An. part. I. 110.
• [...] Pardus ſive Catus Monta⯑nus Americanorum. the Cat a [...]ntain. Raii ſyn. quad. 169.
• Felis Pardalis. F. cauda elonga⯑ta, corpore maculis ſuperioribus virgatis, inferioribus orbiculatis. Lin. ſyſt. 62. Briſſon quad. 199.

C. with upright pointed ears, marked with two brown tranſverſe bars: color of the head, and whole upper part of the body, a reddiſh brown, marked with long narrow ſpots on the back; and with nu⯑merous round ſmall ſpots on the ſides: the belly whitiſh: the chin and throat of a pure white: the tail barred with black: the length of this animal two feet and a half; that of the tail eight inches.

Inhabits America: grows very fat: is a mild and gentle animal.

[186]α. Le Serval de Buffon xiii. 233. tab. xxxiv.

Differs from the preceding in theſe particulars: the orbits are white: the ſpots on the body univer⯑ſally round: in its nature very fierce, and untame⯑able: inhabits the woods in the mountanous parts of India: lives in trees, and ſcarce ever deſcends on the ground, for it breeds in them: leaps with great agility from tree to tree: called by the natives of Malabar, the Maraputé; by the Portugueſe, the Serval ^*.

Mr. J. R. Forſter informed me, he ſaw an animal of this ſpecies in the Empreſs's menagery at Peterſ⯑burg: it's fur was of a whitiſh yellow: the ſpots duſky; had a wild and piercing look: was brought from Tibet.

• Chaus Plinii, lib. viii. c. 19. Lu⯑pus cervarius. c. 22.
• [...]. Aelian. lib. xiv. c. 6. Op⯑pian Cyneg. III. 84.
• Lupus cervarius, Lynx, Chaus. Geſner quad. 677, 678.
• Lynx ſive Leuncia Caii opuſc. 50.
• Fabri Exp. An. Nov. Hiſp. 527.
• Lynx, Catus cervarius anglicè, the ounce. Raii ſyn, quad. 166.
• Tournefort's voy. 410. I. 360.
• Rys, Oſtrowidz. Rzacinſki Polon. 222.
• Lux Kramer Auſtr. 311. Ridinge Wilden Thiere 22. Kleine Thiere 65 &c.
• Felis Lynx. F. cauda abbrevia ta; apice atra, auriculis apic barbatis Lin. ſyſt. 62. Warglo Kattlo. Faun. ſuec. No. 10, 11. Lynx. Felis auriculorum apic: bus pilis longiſſimis praeditis caudâ brevi. Briſſon quad. 200 Catus cervarius, 199.
• Le Lynx, or Loup-Cervier, [...] Buffon, ix. 231. tab. xxi.

C. with a ſhort tail, black at its end: eyes of a pale yellow: hair under the chin long and full: hair on [187] the body long and ſoft, of a cinereous color, tinged with red, marked with duſky ſpots, more or leſs diſtinct in different ſubjects; in ſome ſcarce viſible: belly whitiſh: ears erect, tufted with long black hairs, the character of the different ſpecies of Lynnes: legs and feet very thick and ſtrong: the length of the ſkin of a Ruſſian lynx, from noſe to tail, was four feet ſix inches; the tail only ſix: vary ſometimes in their color: the Irbys, from lake Ba [...]kaſh ^*, or the Kattlo, of the Suedes, is whitiſh, ſpotted with black, and larger than the common kind; this large variety is called by the Germans, Wolf-Lucks, and Kalb-Lucks, on account of its ſize.

Inhabits the vaſt foreſts of the N. of Europe, Aſia, and America ^**, not India, tho' poets have harneſſed them to the chariot of Bacchus, in his conqueſt of that country: bring two or three young at a time: is long-lived: climbs trees: lies in wait for the deer, which paſs under, falls on them, and ſe [...]zing on the jugular vein, ſoon makes them its prey: will not attack mankind; but is very deſtruc⯑tive to the reſt of the animal creation: the furs of theſe animals are valuable for their ſoftneſs and warmth: numbers are annually imported from North America, and the north of Europe, and Aſia; the farther North and Eaſt they are taken, the whiter they are, and the more diſtinct the ſpots; of theſe the moſt elegant kind is called Irbys, taken near [188] lake Balkaſh, whoſe ſkin ſells on the ſpot for on pound ſterling ^*.

The antients celebrated the great quickneſs o [...] its ſight; and feigned that its urine was converted into a precious ſtone ^†.

C. with a ſhort tail: irides yellow: ears upright, and ſharp pointed, tufted with long black hairs: color of the head, back, ſides, and exterior parts of the legs, bright bay, obſcurely marked with duſky ſpots: down the face marked with black ſtripes, pointing to the noſe: each ſide the upper lip three rows of minute black ſpots, with long ſtiff hairs iſſuing out of them: orbits edged with white: from beneath each eye certain long black ſtripes, of an incurvated form, mark the cheeks; which with the upper and under lip, whole under ſide of the body, and inſides of the legs, are white: the upper part of the inſide of the fore legs marked with two black bars: upper part of the tail barred with duſky ſtrokes; and next the end, one of a deep black; its tip and under ſide white: about twice the bigneſs of a large cat: the hair ſhorter and ſmoother than that of the laſt.

Inhabits the inner pares of the province of New-York.

[]

• Siyah-Ghuſh, or black ear. Char⯑l [...]n Ex. 21. tab. page 23. Raii ſyn quad. 168. Ph. Tranſ. vol. LI. part. II. 648. tab. xiv.
• Le Caracal de Buffon, ix. 262. tab. xxiv.

C. with a lengthened face, and ſmall head: very long ſlender black ears, terminated with a long tuft of black hairs: inſide and bottom of the ears white: noſe white: eyes ſmall: the upper part of the body is of a very pale reddiſh brown: the tail rather darker: belly and breaſt whitiſh: limbs ſtrong, and pretty long: tail about half the length of the body.

Inhabit Perſia, India, and Barbary ^*: are often brought up tame, and uſed in the chace of leſſer quadrupeds; and the larger ſort of birds, ſuch as cranes, pelecans, peacocks, &c. which they ſur⯑prize with great addreſs: when they ſeize their prey, hold it faſt with their mouth, and lie for a time mo⯑tionleſs on it: are ſaid to attend the lion, and to feed on the remains of the prey that animal leaves ^**: are fierce when provoked: Dr. Charleton ſays, he ſaw one fall on a hound, which it killed and tore to pieces in a moment notwithſtanding the dog de⯑fended itſelf to the utmoſt.

The Arabian writers call it Anak el Ard: ſay that a hunts like the panther; jumps up at cranes as they fly; and covers its ſteps when hunting ^†.